G – growth needs

ABM 125
Prepared by: Alexandra Enriquez f. Goal Setting Theory
- Specific goals motivate performance
- More difficult goals = greater motivation (only when
LESSON 6: LEADING accepted by employees)

Notes:
g. Reinforcement Theory
Essay will be about theories - Behavior is a function of its consequences
- good consequence = good behavior
MOTIVATION THEORIES - bad consequence = bad behavior
(encouraging individuals to work)
h. Job Design Theory
- Employees are motivated to work well when tasks
a. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory are combined to complete one job
- Abraham Maslow
- Five Human Needs: i. Equity Theory
1. Physiological needs – basic human needs (water, - J. Stacey Adams
food, etc.) - Employees compare job outcomes with co-workers
2. Safety Needs – need for security and protection
j. Expectancy Theory
from harm
- Employees will act a certain way when an
3. Social Needs – the desire to love and to be loved expectation is set.
4. Esteem Needs – need for self-respect, - Behavior is dependent on how un/attractive the
fulfillment, and achievement expectation is
5. Self-Actualization Needs – bringing their full
potential to life LEADERSHIP THEORIES
(the ability and process of influencing individuals to
b. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y accomplish a goal)
- Douglas McGregor
- Theory X = negative view towards work 1. Trait Theory
- Personal characteristics/traits differentiate leaders
- Theory Y = positive view towards work from followers
Tip: X = no (ekis / negative); Y = yes (positive) 2. Behavioral Theory
c. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory - Focuses on the behavior of a leader
- Frederick Herzberg
- Aka. Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Contemporary Leadership Theories:
- Two factors:
1. Fiedler Model
1. Intrinsic Factors (Motivation)
- Fred Fiedler
- Associated with job satisfaction - Leader’s effectiveness is dependent to the situation
2. Extrinsic Factors (Hygiene)
- Associated with job dissatisfaction 2. Hersey-Blanchard Model
- Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard
d. McClelland’s Three Needs Theory - Subordinates’ readiness and willingness to do work
- Four stages of readiness:
- David McClelland
1. Unable and Unwilling
- Three needs that serve as motivators:
2. Unable and Willing
1. Need for Achievement
3. Able and Unwilling
2. Need for Power
4. Able and Willing
3. Need for Affiliation

3. Path-Goal Theory
e. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
- Robert House
- Clayton Alderfer:
- Leader’s task = lead followers into achieving goals
E - existence needs - Four leadership behaviors:
R - related needs 1. Directive Leadership – gives guidelines
 2. Supportive Leadership – shows concern and LESSON 8: DIFFERENT FUNCTIONAL
is friendly
3. Participative Leadership – asks for AREAS OF MANAGEMENT
followers’ opinion before decision-making
4. Achievement-oriented Leadership – leader A. Human Resource Management
sets goals to achieve - Aka. Personnel department
- Handles all employee concerns
Modern Leadership Theories: - Responsible for staffing:
1. Transactional Leadership Model o Training
- Leaders offer rewards in exchange of productivity o Recruiting
o And more
2. Transformational Leadership Model
- Leaders inspire followers to achieve extraordinary B. Marketing Management
outcomes - Responsible for promotion and attracting customers

3. Charismatic Leadership Theory C. Operations Management

- Leaders can influence their subordinates to follow - Responsible for product quality, efficiency, and
them responsiveness to customers
Note: Charismatic = self-confident, enthusiastic, caring to - Production system
subordinates o a system for acquiring inputs, converting
them into outputs, and then distributing the
4. Visionary Leadership Theory outputs.
- Leaders can create realistic, credible, and attractive
visions D. Financial Management
- Responsible for handling the finances
5. Team Leadership Theory - Concerned with overall management of a firm’s
- Leaders work with the team financial resources

6. Servant Leadership Theory E. Material and Procurement Management

- Robert Greenleaf - Responsible for the sourcing, planning, and
- Prioritizing other’s needs; Service above self managing of suppliers
- Performs the following:
o Materials Requirement Planning (MRP)
LESSON 7: CONTROLLING o Preparing Guidelines for supplier selection
o Purchase of supplies and materials
CONTROL CONCEPTS
a. Feed Forward Controls F. Office Management
- Preventative controls - Responsible for day-to-day administration of the
- Established before the start of activity business enterprise
- Solve problems before they occur
G. Information and Communication Technology
b. Concurrent Controls Management ICT)
- Established during the activity - Responsible for technological responsibilities
- Correct problems real-time

c. Feedback Controls
- Established after work
- Evaluation of the work