BASIC KOREAN

1. Hangul Alphabet:

 Hangul is the Korean writing system, consisting of consonants and vowels.

 Consonants: ㄱ (g/k), ㄴ (n), ㄷ (d/t), ㄹ (r/l), ㅁ (m), ㅂ (b/p), ㅅ (s), ㅇ (ng), ㅈ
(j/ch), ㅊ (ch), ㅋ (k), ㅌ (t), ㅍ (p), ㅎ (h)
 Vowels: ㅏ (a), ㅓ (eo), ㅗ (o), ㅜ (u), ㅡ (eu), ㅣ (i)

2. Greetings:

 안녕하세요 (Annyeonghaseyo) - Hello (formal)

 안녕 (Annyeong) - Hello (informal)
 감사합니다 (Gamsahamnida) - Thank you (formal)
 고마워 (Gomawo) - Thank you (informal)
 죄송합니다 (Joesonghamnida) - I'm sorry (formal)
 미안해 (Mianhae) - I'm sorry (informal)

3. Basic Phrases:

 네 (Ne) - Yes
 아니요 (Aniyo) - No
 이름이 뭐에요? (Ireumi mwoeyo?) - What is your name?
 저는 [이름] 이에요/예요 (Jeoneun [Name] ieyo/eyo) - My name is [Name]
 어디에요? (Eodieyo?) - Where is it?
 뭐에요? (Mwoeyo?) - What is it?

4. Numbers:

 1 - 하나 (hana)
 2 - 둘 (dul)
 3 - 셋 (set)
 4 - 넷 (net)
 5 - 다섯 (daseot)
 6 - 여섯 (yeoseot)
 7 - 일곱 (ilgop)
 8 - 여덟 (yeodeol)
 9 - 아홉 (ahop)
 10 - 열 (yeol)

5. Basic Verbs:
  가다 (gada) - to go
 오다 (oda) - to come
 먹다 (meokda) - to eat
 마시다 (masida) - to drink
 보다 (boda) - to see/watch
 하다 (hada) - to do

6. Basic Questions:

 뭐? (Mwo?) - What?
 어디? (Eodi?) - Where?
 언제? (Eonje?) - When?
 누구? (Nugu?) - Who?
 왜? (Wae?) - Why?
 어떻게? (Eotteoke?) - How?

7. Basic Family Terms:

 가족 (gajok) - Family
 아버지 (abeoji) - Father
 어머니 (eomeoni) - Mother
 형 (hyeong) - Older brother
 누나 (nuna) - Older sister
 동생 (dongsaeng) - Younger sibling

8. Time and Dates:

 오늘 (oneul) - Today
 내일 (naeil) - Tomorrow
 어제 (eoje) - Yesterday
 이번 주 (ibeon ju) - This week
 오전 (ojeon) - A.M.
 오후 (ohu) - P.M.
 몇 시에요? (myeot sieyo?) - What time is it?
 오늘은 몇 월 며칠이에요? (oneul-eun myeot wol myeochil-ieyo?) - What's the
date today?

9. Basic Directions:

 위 (wi) - Up
 아래 (arae) - Down
 오른쪽 (oreunjjok) - Right
 왼쪽 (oenjjok) - Left
  앞 (ap) - Front
 뒤 (dwie) - Back

10. Ordering Food:

 메뉴 (menyu) - Menu
 주문하다 (jumunhada) - To order
 물 주세요 (mul juseyo) - Water, please.
 계산서 주세요 (gyesanseo juseyo) - The bill, please.
 맛있어요 (masisseoyo) - It's delicious.
 입맛에 맞아요 (ipmat-e masyaoyo) - It suits my taste.

11. Shopping Phrases:

 얼마에요? (eolmaeyo?) - How much is it?

 싸요 (ssayo) - It's cheap.
 비싸요 (bissayo) - It's expensive.
 살 거예요 (sal geoyeyo) - I'll buy it.
 입어 봐도 되요? (ibeo bwado doeyo?) - Can I try it on?

12. Expressing Preferences:

 좋아해요 (joahaeyo) - I like it.

 싫어해요 (silheohaeyo) - I don't like it.
 제일 좋아하는 것은... (jeil joahaneun geoseun...) - My favorite thing is...
 ...을/를 좋아해요 (...eul/leul joahaeyo) - I like...

13. Expressing Abilities:

 할 수 있어요 (hal su isseoyo) - I can do it.

 못 해요 (mot haeyo) - I can't do it.
 배울 수 있어요 (baeul su isseoyo) - I can learn.
 이해해요 (ihaehaeyo) - I understand.

14. Describing Places:

 도시 (dosi) - City
 공원 (gongwon) - Park
 학교 (hakgyo) - School
 식당 (sikdang) - Restaurant
 시장 (sijang) - Market
 바다 (bada) - Sea
 산 (san) - Mountain
15. Health and Well-being:

 아파요 (apayo) - I'm sick.

 건강해요 (geonganghaeyo) - I'm healthy.
 병원 (byeongwon) - Hospital
 약 (yak) - Medicine
 피곤해요 (pigonhaeyo) - I'm tired.

16. Expressing Future Plans:

 할 거예요 (hal geoyeyo) - I will do.

 볼 거예요 (bol geoyeyo) - I will see/watch.
 가 볼 거예요 (ga bol geoyeyo) - I will go and see/watch.

17. Asking for Help:

 도와주세요 (dowajuseyo) - Please help me.

 이해하지 못해요 (ihaehaji mothaeyo) - I don't understand.
 뭐라고요? (mworagoyo?) - What did you say?

18. Weather and Seasons:

 날씨 (nalssi) - Weather
 봄 (bom) - Spring
 여름 (yeoreum) - Summer
 가을 (gaeul) - Fall
 겨울 (gyeoul) - Winter
 비 (bi) - Rain
 눈 (nun) - Snow

19. Expressing Emotions:

 행복해요 (haengbokhaeyo) - I'm happy.

 슬퍼요 (seulpeoyo) - I'm sad.
 화나요 (hwanayo) - I'm angry.
 신기해요 (singihaeyo) - It's amazing.

20. Asking for Directions:

 길을 물어볼게요 (gireul mureobolgeyo) - I'll ask for directions.

 이 길로 어때요? (i gillo eottaeyo?) - How about this way?

21. Expressing Desires:

  ...고 싶어요 (...go sip-eoyo) - I want to...
 ...고 싶지 않아요 (...go sipji anh-ayo) - I don't want to...

22. Making Comparisons:

 더 (deo) - More
 덜 (deol) - Less
 더 맛있어요 (deo masisseoyo) - It's tastier.
 더 작아요 (deo jag-ayo) - It's smaller.

23. Describing Past Actions:

 ...했어요 (...haesseoyo) - I did...

 ...았어요/었어요 (...ass-eoyo/eosseoyo) - Past tense verb ending

24. Asking for Permission:

 ...해도 돼요? (...haedo dwaeyo?) - Can I...?

 ...해도 될까요? (...haedo doelkkayo?) - May I...?

25. Expressing Obligation:

 ...해야 해요 (...haeya haeyo) - I have to...

 ...해야 됩니다 (...haeya doemnida) - I must...

26. Giving Advice:

 ...하는 게 좋아요 (...haneun ge joayo) - It's good to...

 ...하지 말아요 (...haji marayo) - Don't...

27. Discussing Hobbies:

 취미 (chwimi) - Hobby
 ...하는 게 취미에요 (...haneun ge chwimi-eoyo) - ...is my hobby.

28. Expressing Opinions:

 내 생각에는 (...nae saeng-gag-e-neun) - In my opinion...

 제 생각에는 (...je saeng-gag-e-neun) - In my opinion...

29. Formal Language:

  Use formal language (존댓말, jondaetmal) when speaking to someone older
or in a higher position.
 Use informal language (반말, banmal) when speaking to friends, family, or
those of the same age or lower status.

30. Polite Endings:

 ...합니다 (...hamnida) - Formal polite ending

 ...해요 (...haeyo) - Polite ending
 ...해 (...hae) - Casual ending

31. Expressing Certainty:

 분명히 (bunmyeonghi) - Certainly, surely

 확실히 (hwaksilhi) - Definitely, clearly

32. Conditional Statements:

 ...면 (...myeon) - If...

 ...았으면/었으면 (...asseumyeon/eosseumyeon) - If (past tense)

33. Expressing Purpose:

 ...하기 위해서 (...hagi wihaeseo) - In order to...

34. Offering and Declining:

 드릴까요? (deurilkka yo?) - Shall I do it for you?

 괜찮아요 (gwaenchanh-aeyo) - It's okay.
 아니요, 괜찮아요 (aniyo, gwaenchanh-aeyo) - No, it's okay.

35. Talking about Experience:

 ...해 본 적 있어요 (...hae bon jeok iss-eoyo) - I have experienced...

36. Giving Reasons:

 ...이라서 (...ilaseo) - Because...

 ...기 때문에 (...gi ttaemun-e) - Because...

37. Expressing Concern:

 걱정돼요 (geokjeongdwaeyo) - I'm worried.

38. Expressing Surprise:

 정말요? (jeongmal-yo?) - Really?

 정말 놀라워요 (jeongmal nollawoyo) - It's really surprising.

39. Discussing Future Plans:

 ...할 거예요 (...hal geoyeyo) - I will do...

 ...할 생각이에요 (...hal saeng-gag-ieyo) - I'm planning to...

40. Acknowledging Mistakes:

 실수했어요 (silsuhaesseoyo) - I made a mistake.

 죄송해요 (joesonghaeyo) - I'm sorry.

41. Expressing Intention:

 ...으려고 해요 (...euryeogo haeyo) - I intend to...

 ...으려면 (...euryeomyeon) - If I intend to...

42. Describing Relationships:

 친구 (chingu) - Friend
 연인 (yeon-in) - Lover
 가족 구성원 (gajok guseongwon) - Family member

43. Expressing Necessity:

 ...할 필요가 있어요 (...hal pil-yoga iss-eoyo) - There is a need to...

44. Giving Explanations:

 ...하는 이유는 (...haneun iyu-neun) - The reason for doing...

 ...라서요 (...laseoyo) - It's because...

45. Emphasizing:

 정말 (jeongmal) - Really, truly

 참 (cham) - Very, quite

46. Expressing Hope:

 ...하길 바라요 (...hagil balayo) - I hope that...

47. Talking about Dreams and Goals:

 꿈 (kkum) - Dream
 목표 (mokpyo) - Goal
 ...이 되고 싶어요 (...i doego sip-eoyo) - I want to become...

48. Discussing Challenges:

 어려워요 (eoryeowoyo) - It's difficult.

 괜찮아질 거예요 (gwaenchanhajil geoyeyo) - It will get better.

49. Expressing Sympathy:

 안타까워요 (antakkawoyo) - It's unfortunate.

50. Giving Directions:

 가는 길은 ...해요 (ganeun gil-eun ...haeyo) - The way to get there is to...

 ...으로 가요 (...eulo gayo) - Go to...

51. Discussing Technology:

 인터넷 (inteonet) - Internet

 휴대폰 (hyudaepon) - Mobile phone
 컴퓨터 (keompyuteo) - Computer

52. Expressing Agreement:

 맞아요 (maj-ayo) - That's right.

 그렇죠 (geureochyo) - Yes, that's correct.