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The sea breeze circulation is a prominent I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Dana
feature along coastal Delaware. The front typically Veron. She designed the framework of this project
develops in the early morning hours. Most of the and has guided me through many hours of data
time the front remains near the coast. This is a analysis. I would also like to thank, Dr. Daniel
balance between the temperature gradient and the Leathers who has helped me immensely with the
synoptic offshore winds. These regions can often DEOS network and Dr. Neil Barton, Justin Gilchrist
experience a sea breeze front passing through and Matthieu de Maillard for their advice and direct
and retreating several times during the day. help with my research.
Sometimes, the front can migrate landward over
thirty kilometers. During the evening hours the
temperature gradient caused by the front shrinks 6. References
to zero.
Overall WRF closely simulates a developing Barry, R.G., Chorley, R.J. 1992: Atmosphere,
sea breeze front. It predicts the frequency, Weather, and Climate. Sixth Edition, Routledge
propagation, and timing that compare well with the Publishing, 392 pgs.
observation data. However, on occasion, WRF
can significantly overestimate or underestimate Case, Jonathan L., William L. Crosson, Sujay V.
the magnitude of the sea breeze. This could be a Kumar, William M. Lapenta, and Christa D.
result of the input SST data represented in WRF. Peters-Lidard. "Impacts of High-Resolution
This also may be a limitation of the NARR. Data is Land Surface Initialization on Regional
being forced with a resolution of approximately 40 Sensible Weather Forecasts from the WRF
by 40 kilometers which may make it difficult to Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9.6
precisely simulate synoptic temperatures and wind (2008): 1249-266. Web.
fields.
Kusaka et al. (2001): A simple single layer urban
There are a few unrealistic results from the canopy model for atmospheric models:
WRF model. The inaccuracy with the SST input Comparison with Multi-layer and Slab models.
field is one issue that has already begun to be Bound. Layer Meteor., 101, 329-358.
addressed. Another issue is that the NOAH land
surface model appears to underestimate the soil Miller, S., and B. Keim. "Sea Breeze: Structure,
moisture content with time. There is an Forecasting, and Impacts." Review of
exponential decay in soil moisture with a daily Geophysics 41 (2003).
cycle superimposed on top of it. On average, by
OSPC. "Office of State Planning Coordination."
the end of the month the soil moisture is cut in
State of Delaware, The official website of the
half. To alleviate this situation as well as study its
first state. 2009. June 2009
effects, the WRF runs may be reduced in duration
<http://stateplanning.delaware.gov/>.
and concatenated or ensemble averaged.
Papanastasiou, Dimitris K., Dimitris Melas,
The long term goal of this project is to simulate Thomas Bartzanas, and Constantinos Kittas.
the effect of urbanization on the sea breeze. "Temperature, Comfort and Pollution Levels
Sensitivity studies are currently being run which during Heat Waves and the Role of Sea
investigate WRF’s response to changes in surface Breeze." Int J Biometeorol 54 (2009): 307-17.
properties. Eventually, this may lead to a
modification of WRF’s representation of the land Venkatesan, R., M. Rajendran, and Sikha
surface based on a changing population and the Dasgupta. "Analysis and Numerical Simulation
urbanization that comes along with it. of the Meteorological Observations at a
Tropical Coastal Site Chennai in India."
Atmospheric Research 92 (2009): 505-21.
7. Illustrations and Tables
∆
COASTAL
TEMP (-
INLAND 1hr) - ∆
COASTAL TEMP – INLAND ∆
COASTAL WIND (- COASTAL TEMP (- INLAND Dew (-
CATEGORY WIND 1hr) TEMP 1hr) WIND 1hr)
West
1. Classic West or or (East
Sea East & (East & &
Breeze >1m/s <1m/s) >1.0°C >2.0°C <1m/s) N/A
West
2. Dew West or or (East
Sea East & (East & &
Breeze >1m/s <1m/s) N/A N/A <1m/s) >1.0°C
West
3. or (East
East/West East & &
Split >1m/s N/A >2.0°C N/A <1m/s) N/A
150° -
4. South 210° &
This image is a recompilation of data from the NCDC. Feature >1m/s N/A N/A N/A N/A >2.0°C
5. East >80%
The sea breeze front is shown as the dark orange line Dominant East
6. West >80%
that represents high reflectivity. The front has Dominant West
propagated inland over Delaware. Part of the front <80%East
& <80%
appears to be traveling up the Delaware Bay. 7. Variable West
°C °C
In this format there is very little variation in sea surface The depicted satellite data clearly shows the
temperature between the Delaware Bay and the warm sea surface temperatures up the Delaware
Atlantic Ocean. This is unrealistic based on satellite and Bay. This is primarlly because of the bay’s shallow
observation records.
batheometery. At the mouth of the bay there is a
large area of semipresistant upwelling. These
features lead to a large temperature gradiant
through the Delaware Bay.