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Article 20 of the Indian Constitution provides protection in respect of conviction for offences. It consists of
three clauses:

1. Article 20 (1): No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of the law in force at the
time of the commission of the act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that
which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.

2. Article 20 (2): No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.

3. Article 20 (3): No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Here are some landmark judgments related to Article 20:

1. Sajjan Singh v. State of Punjab: This case dealt with the issue of whether the obligation to provide pre-
1947 asset receipts constituted a retrospective imposition of liability.

2. Ratanlal v. State of Punjab: In this case, the Supreme Court questioned the retroactivity of the
Prohibition of Offenders Act, which specified that those under twenty-one be sent to juvenile facilities.

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Please note that these cases have significantly contributed to the interpretation and application of Article 20 in
India. If you need more information about any specific case, feel free to ask!