Bronchitis - is a viral respiratory disease that leads to inflammationry changes within the

bronchi. The cause of bronchitis it is most frequently brought on by the viral pathogens invading the
upper respiratory tract and causing the common cold, influenza A or B, parainfluenza, respiratory
syncytial virus, or coronavirus.
Bronchitis can be acute and chronic, accompanied by differences in treatment and symptoms.
Acute bronchitis can last up to 3 weeks and is characterized by an acute cough with or without sputum.
The sputum may be clear, yellowish, or occasionally purulent. Other signs and symptoms of acute
bronchitis include dyspnea, nasal congestion, headache, and fever.
Symptoms of chronic bronchitis is a persistent cough and the production of sputum for at least
three months each year for two consecutive years The risk factors for chronic bronchitis include cigarette
smoking, exposure to harmful substances, agricultural pesticides, solid fuels, and air pollution.
Methods of diagnostics a bronchitis. Acute bronchitis is diagnosed using past medical history,
lung assessment, and other physical and laboratory findings. Along with the pulse rate, temperature, and
respiratory rate, the oxygen saturation is crucial in determining. Lung auscultation is performed to detect
wheezing and snoring. A complete blood count and chemistry may be requested if a fever is present.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction are detected using spirometry. Often patients are
prescribed X-ray and computed tomography and take a sputum sample.
Treatment of bronchitis. includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The non-
pharmacological treatment options include honey, ginger, and warm tea. Decongestants and
antihistamines are used to treat acute cough. Antitussives reduce the cough reflex. Expectorants increase
the volume of respiratory fluid, increase the production of airway secretions and reduce mucus viscosity.
In case of airway obstruction, bronchodilators are prescribed. Antipyretics are also used in case of
malaise and fever.
Pharmacologic treatment for chronic bronchitis aims to improve symptoms while the condition is
stable (mucoactive agents, beta-agonists, and muscarinic antagonists), reduce loss of lung function
(quitting smoking), and prevent and treat exacerbations (mucoactive agents and macrolides, antibiotics,
and glucocorticoids).
Complications. Рatients with underlying lung disease, congestive heart failure, or compromised
immune systems are more likely to develop complications such as chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, or
pneumonia.
The prevention of recurrence and complications depends significantlyon lifestyle changes, such
as quitting smoking and avoiding allergens and pollutants.