1.What is the forgetting curve? Give an example.

We normally forget 40% of new material within the first twenty minutes, this loss can be
prevented through memory consolidation, it means, that we move information from our
fleeting short-term memory to our more durable long-term memory.
Example: Тут не до конца понимаю, можно ли выше сказанное считать примером, или
нужен новый(?)

2. What were the findings from the 1950's study by Brenda Miller on her patient HM?
The patient had his hippocampus removed, what damaged his ability to form new short-
term and long-term memories, but he was able to learn physical tasks through repetition.

3. What is the role of the Hippocampus in memory?

Hippocampus helps us to form new short-term and long-term memories, consolidate
information in the long-term memory.

4. What is the role of the stages of sleep in memory retention? What type/stage of sleep is
associated to what kind of memory and why?
REM sleep is associated with the consolidation of procedural memory.
During the non-REM slow-wave sleep, declarative memory is encoded into a temporary
store in the anterior part of the hippocampus.

5. Why we need to go through all the stages of sleep many times during each night?
Every stage of sleep helps us to remember different type of memories. Repeating of cycles is
important for redistribute information to long-term storage in the cortex.

6. What is the ideal time to sleep so that you can maximise the good effects of sleep in
your memory?
Three hours after memorizing formulas and one hour after practicing scales.
a. Note down three major problems that are cited as problems caused by poor sleep
hygiene in terms of not keeping our circadian cycle.
Не до конца понятен вопрос

b. How does Orange-Candle Light affect our brain and why it is better than Blue-mobile
devices light?
Orange light sends a signal to the brain as if it's dark outside, so brain clock makes a lot of
sleep hormone melatonin, and we can sleep well. On the other hand, blue-mobile devices
light is similar to day light, what is sending signals to be active. So, if we want to have a good
night sleep, it is better, to use orange-candle light.
c. How our metabolism is affected by our circadian rhythm and why it is important for our
metabolism to sleep sufficient time every night?
In the morning, our stomach is actually ready with the right amount of hormones and
digestive enzymes, and even good gut microbiome to digest food. After we eat our first
breakfast, a body absorbs enough carbohydrates and uses it to fuel our body. At the same
time, it saves a little bit of nutrient as fat. As we continue at lunch and dinner, the same
process continues. And after the last dinner, a body slowly goes low on carb. At the same
time, the circadian clock cranks up morning fat. And after a few hours, the clock turns into a
reset and repair rejuvenation mode. That means that it turns on enzymes that will break
down cholesterol and toxins. It also turns on mechanisms to repair the DNA that we have
damaged during the daytime. And a lot of cells that are damaged on our stomach lining or
our skin lining are also replaced with healthy new cells so that allergy-causing chemicals or
bacteria cannot get into our body. So, after 12 to 16 hours of fasting, when we eat our next
breakfast, the cycle of nurture, rejuvenation continues.

d. How did the researcher use the app "mycircadiancircle.org" and what did he find about
metabolism?
Researchers asked people to take photos of everything they eat and drink during the day.
When the pictures come to their server, they add them on a timeline, so they easily could
figure out when people eat. Researchers found out, that most of the people eat for 15 hours
or longer, what is bad for their circadian rhythm.

e. What was the experiment that the researcher did to find out about what influences
weight reduction and time we eat? What were his results?
He took two groups of mice of the same age, the first group of mice, who ate randomly,
were obese, where at the same time, they had a host of different diseases -they were really
morbidly sick. Where the second group that ate within eight to 12 hours were completely
healthy. But what is more surprising is this: if we take those morbidly sick mice and give
them the same diet, same number of calories, and they had to eat only within eight to ten
hours, they become healthy.
a. What is the key study that the researcher discusses at the start of his presentation?
What are the key findings?
Light turns out to be the primary synchronizer of our rhythms.

b. Where exactly in the brain is the control mechanism that regulates our sleep-wake cycle
and how do we do this?
Nuclei or suprachiasmatic nucleus small region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated
directly above the optic chiasm, what is the part of the brain where the optic nerves cross. It
is located at the bottom of the brain immediately inferior to the hypothalamus. Eye nerves
are delivering information about kind of light to nuclei, so it can send information to pineal
gland, to make some hormones of sleep.

c. How do the genes regulate our sleep-wake cycle?

d. Why does the researcher claim that all our cells take part in the sleep-wake cycle? Why
is it important for each cell to go through this cycle?
Every single cell in our body has got its own sleep-wake cycle. While cell is awake, it fulfils its
function but at the same time wears out, but cells also have time when cells rest and renew
themselves.