GUIMARAS STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Teacher Education
Chapter 1
THE STUDY OF DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
COURSE AND REPUBLIC ACT 1425
The study of Dr. Jose P. Rizal life
works and writings has been mandated by
Republic Act no. 1425 known as the Rizal
Law approved on June 12, 1956 provides
for the integration of the study of the life
and works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal in the
curriculum of the tertiary level and took
effect on August 16, 1956.
Who is the father of Rizal Law?
CLARO
RECTO
THE REPUBLIC
ACT NO 1425
(RIZAL
LAW)
REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 1425
House Bill No. 5561
Senate Bill No. 438
An act to include in the curricula of all
public and private schools, colleges and
universities courses on the life, works and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing
and distribution thereof, and for other
purposes.
• WHEREAS, today, more than other
period of our history there is a need for
a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom
and nationalism for which our heroes
live and died.
• WHEREAS, it is met that in honoring
them particularly the national hero and
patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with
special fondness and devotion to their
lives and works that have shaped the
national character;
• WHEREAS, the life, works and writings
of Jose Rizal particularly his novels Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are a
constant and inspiring source of
patriotism with which the minds of the
youth, especially during their formative
and decisive years in school should be
covered.
M.
• WHEREAS, all educational institution
are under the supervision of, and
subject to regulation by the state, and
all schools are enjoined to develop
moral character, personal discipline,
civic conscience, and to teach the duties
of citizenship; Now therefore,
Be it enacted by Senate and House of
Representative of the Philippines in
Congress assembled.
Approved- JUNE 12, 1956
Department of Education (DepEd)
Order No. 2 Series of 1996 directs the
Committee on Education for the inclusion
of the Rizal Course as a 3- unit lesson with
the following aims and purposes:
1. The law aims and desire to re-establish
that the Filipinos themselves be imbued
with the principle of freedom and sense of
nationalism. The rationale of which is to
perpetuate the memories of our hero’s
death and sacrifices.
2. The law aims to honor the heroes
particularly Dr. Jose P. Rizal and to remind
 GUIMARAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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us of his sacrifices and his two novels- Noli
Me Tangere and El Filipusterismo that
paved the way to the nationalism and
patriotism of the entire country.
3. The law aims to cultivate and inculcate
among the students in all schools the
character development, self-discipline,
civic consciousness and to teach the duties
of citizenship which became the primary
reasons for the enactment of the law for
reforms and changes.
Rizal time was deemed to be the
height of the, maladministration of Spain
and its decay that obscured the Philippine
skies. The Filipino people suffered
intensely beneath the bondage of Spanish
misrule for they were ill-fated victims of
the evils, injustice, prejudice and sudden
collapse of colonial power. Among these
baneful features were the following
1. Instability of colonial administration
2. Corrupt Spanish officials
3. No Philippine representation to the
Spanish cortes
4. Human rights denied to Filipino
5. No equality before the law
6. Maladministration of justice
7. Racial discrimination
8. Frailocracy and Secularization of Filipino
priest
9. Force labor and excessive taxes
10. Haciendas owned by friars and Spanish
officials
11. The abuses of guardia civil, church
officials and political leader.
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL WAS CHOSEN AS THE
GREATEST PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
HERO
I die, without seeing the day dawning on my
country... you will see it... and forget not
those who fell during the night...
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
A hero is a person admired for
achievement and noble qualities and a
prominent or central personage taking an
admirable action. Also, a person of
distinguished valor or enterprise in danger
and an individual honored after death by
public worship because of laudable and
exceptional service to mankind.
The difference between hero and
martyr is that hero is a real person of
great bravery who carries out extra
ordinary deeds while martyr is one who
willingly accept being put to death for
adhering openly to one’s religious belief.
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
Realonda was a man of many talents. The
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
provided the ember that awakened the
Filipino nationalism and paved the way for
the Philippine revolution of 1896. He
proved that the “Pen is Mightier than the
Sword” to redeem a people from their
political slavery.
The Americans, particularly Civil
Governor William Howard Taft being the
Chairman of the Philippine commission
address messengers. Pardo de Tavera,
Legarda, Gregorio Araneta, Cayetano
Arellano the choosing of the Phillipine
national hero. Among the nominated were
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Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Gen. Antonio Luna, their tongues are sharper than the sword.
Gregorio Lopez Jaena, Emilio Jacinto and Their pen carry further and give a louder
Jose Rizal. report than thunder. I rather stand in the
shock of basilisk than in the fury of a
Dr. Otley H. Bayer, an
merciless pen.
anthropologist and technical member of
the panel of the Philippine commission HONORS ACCORDED TO RIZAL AS THE
recommended the following criterion in PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HERO
choosing the Philippine national hero.
1. The day of his birth and day of his
1. The must be a Filipino. execution are fittingly commemorated by
2. The person is a peace-loving and all classes of people throughout the
pacifist. country and other Filipinos abroad.
3. The person must have a great sense of
2. No other Filipino hero can surpass Rizal
patriotism.
in the number of monuments erected in his
4. The person must have die for country
honour in towns, barrios and schools.
as a martyr
3. His name is a by-word in every home
Reason why Rizal was chosen and
and his pictures printed and used in
declared as the Philippine’s National
postage stamps.
Hero.
4. The paper money / coin with his image
1. He was the first filipino to unite and
have the widest circulation that the
awaken the Filipino people to peacefully
poorest of the poor can take hold.
rise for Independence.
5. Streets, Boulevard, Educational
2. He is model for being the peacemaker by
institution and persons were named Rizal.
his complete self-denial, his complete
abandonment of his personal interest and 6. His noble thoughts and teaching had
to think only of his country and people. been frequently invoked and quoted by
speakers.
3. He was a towering figure in the
propaganda campaign from 1882-1896. 7. The union of Manila and Morong to be a
province was named after the illustrious
4. He was a martyr at Bagumbayan where
Filipino hero thus Rizal province was
he willingly died for our country.
established.
What other great men said about
the Pen and Sword. Napoleon I who was a
great conqueror and ruler said. “ There are
only two powers in the world, the sword
and pen; and in the end the former is Chapter 2
always conquered by the latter.”
THE PHILIPPINE CONDITION IN THE
Sir Thomas Browne said “ Scholars 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT
are men of peace; they bear no arms but
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The 19th century marked as very POLITICAL CONDITION DURING THE

dynamic and productive age mainly in
continents Europe and Asia. The essence of
the life of Jose P. Rizal is the evidence by
the circumstances that happened during
his generation in the Philippines and
throughout the world. Jose P. Rizal is an
existing epitome that sets forth a human
pronouncement that all individuals
without distinction of any kind are born to
be free and equal in the dignity and rights.
During this period, such concept of
liberalism, industrialism, democracy, social
realization and nationalism gained control
and sparked radical changes in science,
technology, economics, socio-cultural and
political condition.
SPAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES IN RIZAL’S
TIME
Spanish rule was imposed in the
Philippines by conquest. Miguel lopez de
Legaspi established the first settlement in
1565 in cebu. Before the conquest, the
Filipinos had their own government - the
barangay, headed by the native chieftain
called “datu” independent of each other
and each had its own laws. The people
know how to read and write and had the
beginnings of a native literature and a
native art.
Despite being primitive but it was
the process of normal development. The
Spanish conquerors forced them to adopt
foreign ways and Spanish Catholicism that
they never understood. They lost their
ancestral lands to the “conquistadores” by
the encomienda system. Changes in the
form of government and laws took place.
19TH CENTURY: POLITICAL SYSTEM
The King and the other officials
issued royal decrees governing the
Philippines through the Ministry of
Colonies based in Madrid. This body
helped the spanish monarch manage the
affairs if the colonies and govern the
Philippines through the centralized
government in manila exercising
executive, legislative and religious
power.
The Governor general appointed
by the Spanish King headed the central
administration. He was the King’s
representative in the governmental
matters and was the Vice-Royal Patron
over religious matter.
He exercised extensive powers as
the head of the state and the church. He
issued executive orders and proclamation,
he was the commander-in-chief of the
military, and he also exercise legislative
power with his “cumplace” by which he
could decide which law or royal decree to
implement or disregard.
He enjoyed judicial power as an ex-
officio president of the Royal Audiencia.
His religious duty him prerogative to
nominate priest to ecclesiastical positions
and to control the finances of the mission.
The Governor General was assisted
by Lieutenant General and advisory bodies
such as the Board of Authorities, Council of
Administration and Secretariat of the
central government.
Next to the central government
was the provincial government or
alcaldias run by civil governors, the city
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government called “cabildo or
ayuntamiento” administered by a mayor
and a vice mayor who were both chief
executives and chief judicial magistrate. It
should be noted that the above positions
are occupied by the Spaniards.
The local government unit
composed of barangays headed by the
“Gobernadorcillo” (later called captain).
This is the highest position in the
government to which the native Filipino
could be appointed. He was elected at the
beginning of every year by the
“principalia” made up of the incumbent
ex-cabeza de barangay, the smallest unit of
government.
The barangay or barrio headed by
the “cabeza de barangay” whose main
responsibility was to collect taxes and
tributes from the families. For his services
he received two percent (2%) of the tax
proceeds and four percent (4%) of the
“sanctorum” or the tax paid to the church
each year to cover the costs of three fiestas
namely; All Saints day, Holy Thursday
and Corpus Cristi.
SOCIO-CULTURAL CONDITION DURING
THE 19TH CENTURY: THE SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION/ SOCIAL STRUCTURE
The Spaniard imposed new social
stratification which discriminate the
natives in their own land. The highest class
Peninsulares they are the spanish born in
the Spain (pure blooded), the Insulares
they are the Spanish born in the
Philippines third class is the creoles, they
are mix blood or the combination of
Spanish and Filipino.
THE DIFFERENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC
POLICIES IMPOSED BY SPANIARDS
Reduccion
The native are forced to live in the
place near the center and they could hear
the sound of the bell. This policy was
implemented so that the government and
parish priest could easily monitor them
and for the easy conversion to Catholicism.
Bandala
The natives are obliged to sell their
products to the Spaniards even in the
lowest price and sometimes the Spaniard
will just issue some promissory notes.
Forced labor or Polo y Servicios
Polo or forced labor is another
spanish had created discontent among the
Indios during the spanish times.
The world “polo” is actually a
corruption of the Tagalog “pulong”
originally meaning “ meeting of person and
things” or “community labor”.
Taxation
The native are paying different types of
taxes such as follows:
1. Cedula - male and female 18 years old
and above will pay 8 reales every year for
the cedula.
2. Sanctorum - tax for the church
amounting 3 reales.
3. Donativo de Zamboanga - one half real
to finance the war in Mindanao againts the
Muslims.
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4. Tribute - it may be paid in cash or in

kind.

The Tribute (Buwis) or Tributo

As a sign of vassalage to spain, the

filipino paid tribute to the colonial
government in the island. In July 26, 1523,
King Charles V decreed the Indians who
had been pacified should contribute a
moderate amount in recognition of their
vassalage.

Galleon Trade

The trading system which existed in

1565 until 1815 and trading route from
canton in China, Alcapulco and Manila. This
trading policy changed the system of free
trading in the Philippines where in the
other nationalities like the Chinese are free
to exchange their goods with the filipino
who had extra good.
 GUIMARAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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Chapter 3
RIZAL’S LIFE: FAMILY CHILDHOOD AND
EARLY EDUCATION
Rizal family belonged to the
“principalia” an aristocratic town
distinguished families. By frugal living hard
and honest work, Rizal’s parents were able
to live well.
Rizal’s parents were able to build a
large stone house which was situated near
the town church. They owned a carriage
which was a status symbol of the
illustrados in the Philippines.
Rizal family had a simple contented
and happy life and was intimately close.
Don Francisco and Dona Teodora loved
their children but they never spoiled them.
They were strict parents and they trained
their children to love God and behave well.
The Rizals is considered one of the
biggest families during their time.
Domingo Lam-co, the family’s paternal
ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese who
came to the Philippines from Amoy, China
in the closing years of the 17th century and
married a Chinese half-breed by the name
of Ines de la Rosa.
Researchers revealed that the
Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of
Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Even Negrito
blood aside from Chinese.
Jose Rizal came from a 13-member
family consisting of his parents, Francisco
Mercado II and Teodora Alonso
Realonda, and nine sisters and one
brother.
FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-
1898)
Father of Jose Rizal who was the
youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila
Mercado. Born in Biñ an, Laguna on April
18, 1818; studied in San Jose College,
Manila; and died in Manila.
TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)
Mother of Jose Rizal who was the
second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida
de Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de
Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded
woman, courteous, religious, hard-working
and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz,
Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in
1913 in Manila.
RIZAL’S SIBLINGS
1. SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo
marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo
Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
2. PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the
second child. Studied at San Jose College in
Manila; became a farmer and later a
general of the Philippine Revolution.
3. NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)
The third child. married Antonio
Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and
musician.
4. OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)
The fourth child. Married Silvestre
Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.
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5. LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
The fifth child. Married Matriano
Herbosa.
6. MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)
The sixth child. Married Daniel
Faustino Cruz of Biñ an, Laguna.
7. JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)
The second son and the seventh
child. He was executed by the Spaniards on
December 30,1896.
8. CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)
The eight child. Died at the age of three.
9. JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a
spinster.
10. TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
The tenth child. Died a spinster and the
last of the family to die.
11. SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)
The youngest child married Pantaleon
Quintero.
THE BIRTH OF JOSE P. RIZAL
Jose P. Rizal the 7th child of the
Rizal family was born on June 19, 1861
Wednesday between 11:00 and 12
midnight in the town of Calamba province
of Laguna, Philippines. His mother almost
died during her delivery because Jose’s
head was big. As he recounted in his
student memoirs:
My coming out in this vale of tears would
have cost my mother her life, had she not
vowed to the Virgin of Antipolo to take
me her sanctuary by way of pilgrimage
He was baptized in the catholic
church in Calamba on June 22, 1861 by the
parish priest, Father Rufino Collantes. His
godfather was father Pedro Casanas a close
friend of Rizal family. Father Collantes was
impressed by the big head of baby Jose. He
told them “Take good care of this child
for someday he will become a great
man”. The name Jose was chosen by his
mother in honour of Saint Jose (St
Joseph) whose feast was March 19
JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y
ALONZO REALONDA
The name Protacio was taken from
the catholic calendar which was the
practice during that time.
Rizal closer to the spanish word ricial
which means “luntiang bukirin” related
to his work as hacienda owner.
Mercado which means market in English
was adopted in 1731 by his paternal great
grandfather, Domingo Lamco a full
blooded Chinese merchant.
JOSE P. RIZAL CHILDHOOD YEARS
 Jose P. Rizal, as a young boy
beautiful, fruitful and pleasant
memories as well as sorrow.
 His father built a nipa hut in the
garden for him to play in the
daytime.
 At the age of three (3) he enjoyed
watching in the garden the insect
the maya, culiawan, maria capra,
pipit the martin and other birds.
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 Another childhood memory was the
daily praying of Angelus of 6:00 pm
in their altar as all of them gathered
for prayers.
The Azotea on a moonlight the aya
(nursemaid) would tell stories and legend
about fairies, legends tale of buried
treasure and other fabulous stories.
Sometimes if he did not like to eat hids
supper the aya would threaten him with
aswang, tikbalang, nuno or the turbaned
bombay will come to take him away.
At the age of three (3) he began to
religious procession, novena in the church
and at the age of five (5), he was able to
read Spanish bible with the help of his
mother. When Rizal was nearly 7 years old
(June 6, 1868) his father toom him to
pilgrimage to Antipolo in order to fulfill hid
mother’s vow which was made when Jose
was born. Dona Teodora could not
accompany them because he had given
birth to Trinidad. It was the first trip of
Rizal across Laguna de Bay and his first
pilgrimage to Antipolo.
THE HERO FIRST SORROW
The Rizal children were bound
together by the ties of love and care. Jose
loved most his little sister Concha
(Concepcion) who was next to him.
Unfortunately Concha died at the age of
three and for the first time he shed tears
for love and grief, which is said to be his
first sorrow.
RIZAL’S MENTOR
Dona Teodora, Rizal mother was his
first teacher. Barely three (3) years old
Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother.
He was taught how to read and write in
Spanish.
As he grew older, his parents
employed private tutors to give him
lessons at home. The first was Maestro
Celestine and the second, Maestro Lucas
Padua. Later and old named Leon
Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal home
and instructed Jose in Spanish and latin.
Unfortunately, he did not live long. He died
five months later.
After Monroy’s death, the hero’s
parents decided to send thier gifted son to
a private school on Binan.
At about this time, two of his
mother cousin frequented Calamba. Uncle
Manuel Alberto, seeing Rizal frail in body,
concerned himself with the physical of his
young nephew and taught the latter love
for the open air and developed in him a
great admiration for the beauty of nature,
while Uncle Gregorio a scholar, instilled
into the mind of the boy love for education.
Rizal possessed a God-given talent
for literature. His mother who was a lover
of literature noticed his poetic inclination,
hence she encourage himto write poetry.
Since childhood Rizal showed
unusual talent in art and literature. He
scribbled verses on loose sheets of paper
and on the textbook of his sisters. His
mother who was lover of literature noticed
his son inclination and gift for writing
poetry. At the age of eight years old, Rizal
wrote his first poen in the native language
entitled “ Sa aking mga Kababata- To my
Fellow Children.