é | : nut . aut dyn vv \>\ 7 | + 7 ‘ oe = OS fChapla TZ * Brings out the inner significant of the chapter entitled “Porro Unum Est Necessarium” in Matthew Amold’s | Culture and Anarchy. pas 2 : Svalhwdh bn —— The Latin title means-“But one thing¥ is necessary.” ——~—~" One pana stem of action, issuing out of the very concept of cemocraigbasence is the liberal notion of doing freely as one 4 , likes. This idea issues from the sense of liberty democracy diay 24 JO N,d-2inculeates and hen pushed to the extreme liberty is often | turned into teens. (Hebraism pushed the notion of obedience _ | to the exclusion of the use of intellect, strictness of conscience I and spontaneity of consciousness must be reconciled’ into a | Submission to the Will of God. The moral issue implies an as |_simplicit faith in the Wold of God. Now Hellenism sharpens’ 2101 |” one's intellectual side and when it throws its light on Hebraism oa0'2132°" there is a disturbing intellectual consciousness which is at »\esvariance with the strictness of conscience. But these two me “| propensities and vacillations of the mind must be resolved and} * must Seek and find a mutual understanding and balance, ‘* "7" Sweetness and light‘of Hellenism will fortify one’s mind to see . things as they are and to realise the intelligible law of things. Behind Greek art and Greek Beauty lie the impulse to see things as they really are. So with Hebraism, with strictness of the moral conscience must be wedded to Hellenism, which is to abide by-the best light we have. DAA : . gorkidy Senos Culture Diffuses Directness and Lia! Rat Now culture diffuses sweetness and light and ™$S\2% religion, fire and strength. Armold warns us of the besetting~ <; ASersd blindness of fanaticism either in culture or ‘religion. Greeks, 4 pursued the light and the sweetness in order to arrive at the truth of things and the Beauty of Truth. We must first disabuse our mind of fanaticism whether we Hellenise or we Hebraise. sain et : : : ae aN | Hebraism, as Mr. Sidgwick points out is manfulg/ a) walking by the best light oné has-fire and strength as he calls it. This Hebraism must join hands with Hellenism-the Culture which endevours to see things in their béauty and truth, the pursuit of sweetness and light. ; : bocchivaion v7rp\2 aime ‘tindbonct 5 ool Kameckiclesesy ain \wenttn, Win Rae) | arte Qypepaves ~ Against the Puritans Amold’s grouse is that they care more for fire and strength than they care for sweetness and light. The Puritan thus, Arnold says, is a victim of Hebraism; his tendency is to cultivate strictness of conscience rather than spontaneity of consciousness. Malaise of the Age:- The real Unum necessarium for us, as Arnold insists repeatedly-for repetition is a vice with Arnold-is to come to our best at all points. So Arnold points to the very malaise of his age when he says: “Instead of our ‘one thing needful,” justifying in us vulgarity, hideousness, ignorance, _violence-our ity, hideousness, ignorance are really so many touchstones which try our one thing needful, and which prove that in the state, at any rate, in which we ourselves have it, it is not all we want.” So we must possess sufficient measure of light to guide us. If Hebraism means only the knowledge of the Bible and the Word of God, then Amold has come to the defence of culture and says: “No_man, who. knows nothings else, knows even his Bible"! Essential to Hellenism, on the other hand, is {fe impulse to the development of the whole man. Hebraism only insists on perfection in one part of our nature, and not in all, on strictness of conscience, whereas Hellenism is insisting on spontaneity of consciousness. Hellenism has more earnestness of free play of the intellect or a Plato says, “for ever through all the universe tends towards that which is lovely.” A AT Arnold Deplores the Age:~ Amold deplores the confusion of thought and of practice in his age among all classes of people in England. The ‘LAC Cdiger Preoccupation of the age is in Industrial enterprise, bodily mt "” exercise and freedom. And the age rightly boasts of British freedom, British indu: i \ \Wioldournges — hevoutin 5 fry and British muscularity. In aif these”| activities one must have a standard, a constant reference to | ‘some ideal of complete human perfection and happiness. | These activities must be guided by the development of our | Hellenising Instincts, seeking ardently the intelligible law of things. aol AADY i The trouble with Amold’s:age is, in| Amold’s words, a disquieting absence of some authority.” Therefore what is necessary according to Matthew 1 Arnold, is: + “What we want, is a fuller harmonious development 6f our humanity, a free play of thought upon our routine notions, VC || spontaneity of consciousness, sweetness and light.” So one must seek perfection; by knowing and spreading the best which has been reached in the world. ! Thus we must be prepared to fight against the su diseased spirit of ‘cultivated time. And Amold exhorfs_his_ 33e] country men against the diseased spirit of cultivated inacting, to \ seek real culture and to let their consciousness play upon the - intelligible law of things and to seek ultimately a way to true human perfection. * A Munn race vebhef teeton AW ater - chewy G nleer “SPECTRUM — 659940