Concept Point Vectors Sheet 1, TEACHING POINTS. 2. MIND MAPPING- FOR QUICK REVISION. 3. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY. 4. ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY. 5. TWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY. 6. THREE MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY. 7. FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY 8. CASE STUDY WITH ANSWER KEY. > TEACHING POINTS > DEFINITION OF Vectors >De’s and Dr’s >Types of vectors = Zero Vector = Unit Vector = Unit vector in the direction of +b ora +b+7 = Collinear Vectors = Coinitial vectors = Equal Vectors = Negative of a Vector "Unit Vectors along the coordinate axes. > Addition of Vectors- Triangle law of addition / parallelogram law of addition >Multi n of a Vector by a Scalar >Vector joining two points > Section formula and mid point formula > Dot product of vectors > Properties of dot product of vectors > Projection of vectors ona line> Perpendicular vectors > Finding the angle between the two vectors > Finding la + Bl, a+b + Cl, la- Bt > Expressing dot product in rectangular coordinates. >Cross product of vectors >Properties of Cross product of vectors > Expressing cross product in rectangular coordinates. > Unit vector perpendicular to two given vectors. > Angle between two vectors > Area of parallelogram when adjacent sides are given. > Area of parallelogram when diagonals are given. > Area of a triangle > Area of a rectangle ABCD, when position vectors of A,B,C,D are given. MIND MAPPING- FOR QUICK REVISION. Position vector of a point P(x, y, z) is given as OP (= rn) =xityj4zk andits magnitude by ,/x2 + y2 + x2. The scalar components of a vector are its direction ratios, and represent its projections along the respective axes. eThe magnitude (r), direction ratios (a, b, c) and direction cosines (I, m, n) of any c a b vector are related as:/=—- , m=- , n=- r r r ef +m? +n? =1 but a? +b? +c? # 1 in general The vector sum of the three sides of a triangle taken in order is 0. The vector sum of two coinitial vectors is given by the diagonal of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are the given vectors. ©The multiplication of a given vector by a scalar A, changes the magnitude of the vector by the multiple |A], and keeps the direction same (or makes it opposite) according as the value of A is positive (or negative). For agiven vector G, @ = ial gives the unit vector in the direction of a. The position vector of a point R dividing a line segment joining the points P anc whose position vectors are respectively, in the ratiom:n mb+i min (i) internally, is given by Pape 132(ii) externally, is given by eG =ayit+ajf+a3k and b= byi + bof + b3k are parallel or collinear iff a 42 _ a3 by bp bs Dot product Cross product a. b= {al [b| cos 0 Gxb = |a||b| sin @ @ where Ais perpendicular to both a, b. G. b= b.G (commutative property) Gxb # Bx G@ (not commutative) Wa@||b, then xb =0 (a.b) = @? + (B) +2a.5 xa =0 al IfG = ayit apf +a3k B = byit bof + b3k Then G.B = a,b, + azbz + agb3 If = ayit anf +a3k DB = byit bof + b3k _ |i Gg k Then@xb=J|a, a, a3 by bz bs Geometrical meaning projection of = ab aonb=— [o| Geometrical meaning Gxb = vector area ofa parallelogram with G, D represent the adjacent sides. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY.Que stion No Question Marks 1 | If@isa unit vector and (x — @). (¥ + @) =8, then find |x| 1) 3 29 3) 3 47 1 2 | If @ is the angle between any two vectors Gand, and |a. b| = then @ is equal to yo 25 3) 4)n 1 3 | Area of a rectangle having vertices A, B, C and D with position vectors -i + 44k, t+) +4k, i-2) +4k, and -i-2j+4R, respectively is 1 ns 21 3)2 aya 1 4 _| The position vector of a point which divides the line joining the points having position vectors i+ j +2k and - i+ +k internally in the ratio 1:3 is: 1) Bese j+SE 4) None of these 1 5 lucent a =3, El -vZ ana la x 1f@ and b are vectors such that |@i| =3, |b| = and |a x b|=1, then the angle between a and b is 1) w/z 2) m/3 3) n/6 a)n/4 a 6 | The angle between the vectors a =i-2j +3k and b =3i- t)cos-*2 2) cos“*§_ 3)cos“1$_—_ 4) None of these 2 7 | The direction cosines of a vector equally inclined to the axes OX, OY and OZ are 144 144 144 Vows Merwe WVaaew 1 8 | Write the value of i. (j x K)+j. (ix k)+k. (ix fy. yoo 2-13) 4)3 a9 | ifthe vectors d and are such that al =z, | e then find |a.3| 1) 0 2a 3)3 ay. 10 | Find the projection of the vector 2i +3j +2 k onthe vector i+ 2j+k yy 3v6 2) 32 3)2V6 433 11 | Find the area of parallelogram having diagonals 3i+j-2k and i — 3j+4k 3y3 n> 2) 23 3) V3 4) 5v2 12. | Using vectors find the area of the triangle with vertices A(1,1,2) B(2,3,5) and ¢(1,5,5) Sere er v2 VI uy Vy a7 ar 13 | If the vectors 5? +2j -K and a i - j + 5K are orthogonal vectors, then the value of ais 1)3/5 2) 5/7 3) 7/5 42s 14 | Magnitude of the vector PQ , joining P(2,3,0 ) and Q (1, -2, -4) is 1) 34 2) V26 3) 3v2 4) Vaz 15. | if [a] =3, [b| =4.and [a + b| =1 then |a — 5] is equal to 17 2) 17 3) 12 4)8 16 | if@, band @ are any three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes k then |a +b + ¢| is equal to 1) k 2)v2k 3) V3k 4) 2k 17 | Givend =i +2) -3k and b =3i-j +2K, the angle between the vectors @ +b and d- Bis 1) 45° 2) 90° 3) 60° 4)30° 18 | Find the direction cosines of the vector a =i+j -2ki iz Tt 12) Deere) Mergerw) Moers 19 | The value of |a’ x i]? +a" x jl? +|@ x KP is a) Ia? 2) 2\al? 3) 3|al? 4) None of these 20 | The vector 2i + j -k is perpendicular to i— 4. f+ ak if ais equal to 1) 10 2)-4 3) -2 4)3 21 | The angle between @ and b sé and the projection of a on the vector b is & then [al = 16 ae 3) 12 aya 22 | The non-zero vectors a, b and @are related bya =8b and © =—7 b - Then the angle between @ and € is an 2)0 3) n/4 4) n/2 23. | The projections of a vector on the three co-ordinate axes are 6,-3, and 2 respectively. The direction cosines of the vector are: 1) 6/7,-3/7,2/7 —_2)-6/7,-3/7,2/7 3) -6/7,3/7,2/7 4) 6 3,2 24 1) 7i-aajetak 2) 784+2j42k 3)2 4) None of these 25 If p( 2 +7 +k) is a unit vector, then find p 1) 2-5 3) v3 4aN3 ale ANSWERSONE MARK QUESTION. 1 | IfObe the origin, OP = 21 + 37 — 4k and 0Q = 5i + 47 — 3k, then PQ is equal to: 2 | Speed and density are quantities whereas force and velocity are quantities. 3 | if |@| = V26 and [b| = 9 and |a x b| = 45 then d.bis 4 | Find the value of A such that the vectors d = 28+ Af +k andb =?+ 2j + 3k are orthogonal 5 | The direction cosines of 31 — 4 + 12k 6 | ifxi—37+5k and —xi+ xj + 2k are perpendicular to each other, the value of xis equal to 7 |ité+b+é=Oand lal = 3, [b| =5, |e] = 7. Find the angle between a and b 8 | Find the value of A for which the vectors 30 — 6f + k and 21 — 4j + Ak are parallel. 9 | Vectors that are parallel to the same line, irrespective of their magnitudes and directions are called Vectors 10 | For what value of A the vectors 2i — 37 + 4k and Ai + 67 — 8k are collinear? 11 | if @,b and Z are three vectors such that @ + b + é = 0 and |a| = 2, |b| = 3, |é| = 5 then find the value of d.b + @.a+b.212 If@= 5¢+f+3k and b = 72+ 2) +k then the unit vector in the direction of a+ bis 13 Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors are 61 + f + 3k and 11 + 2f + k respectively internally in the ratio 2:3 14 if@= t+f+kandb = j—Kthenfind é such that d x ¢ = band a. =3 15 Find the area of parallelogram ABCD whose side AB and diagonal AC are given by the vectors 31 +f + 4k and 4 + 5k respectively 16 Find the magnitude of two vectors @ and b, having the same magnitude and such that the angle between them is 45° and their scalar product ise 17 | fa = t+f+k and b = —i+f—k then the unit vector perpendicular to (é +B) and (4-B)is 18 | Find A and pif (22 + 67 + 27k) x (¢+ Aj + uk) =0 19 If the vector from origin to Aand Bare d= 21-37 +2kandb = 22+3j+k respectively find the area of triangle OAB. 20 The scalar product of the vector ? + j + k with unit vector along the sum of the vectors 2? + 47 — 5k and Ai + 2j + 3kis equal to 1. Find A 21 For any vector d, the value of (4 x 1)? + (@x j)? + (@ x k) is equal to 22 The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 27 — 4f + 5k andi — 2j — 3k respectively. Find the unit vector parallel to one of the diagonals. Also find the area 23 If @ and b are unit vectors such that d + 3b is perpendicular to 74 — 5b and a — AD is perpendicular to 74 — 2b , find the angle between a and B 24 The magnitude of the vector product of the vector ?+ jf + K with a unit vector along the sum of the vectors 27 + 47 — Sk and Ai + 27 + 3k is V2. Find A 25 Find 2 when the projection of d = ai +f +4k on b= 2+ 67 + 3k is 4 unitsTWO MARKS QUESTIONS 1. | ipa =t+ 27 — 3kand b = 27+ 4j + 98, find a unit vector parallel to a + B. 2. | Write a vector of magnitude of 15 units in the direction of vector i — 2 + 2k. 3. |ifa@=f+jt+hk, b=4i-2j+3k and @=i-2f+k, find the vector of magnitude 6 units which is parallel to the vector 24 —b + 32. 4 |ifa@=5i-j+7k, b=i-f+6k, find 6 such that @+b and G—b are orthogonal. 5. £ Find the angle between the vectors @=?-j+kandb =i+f-k.Find the position vector of a point which divides the join of points with position vectors G — 2B and 24 + B externally in the ratio 2:1. 7- | Find the area of the parallelogram having diagonals 34 +j—2k and 7-37 +4k . 8. _ | If the points with position vectors 10t + 3}, 12 — 5f and Af + 11} are collinear, find the value of A. 9. | Find the angle between the vectors @ +b and a-b, if @=2i—j+ 3k and b = 3i+j—2k. 10. | If the vertices A, B, C of a AABC have position vectors (1, 2, 3), € I, 0, 0), @, 1, 2) respectively, what is the magnitude of ZABC. 1. |t4+f+hk, 22+ 57, 37+ 2j — 3k and i— 6j —k are position vectors of the points A,B, C and D, find the angle between AB and CD. 12. | Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors @ +b and & -b, whered = Bit 27 + 2k andb =i + 27 - 2k. Ifa, band @ are unit vectors such that @+ b+@=0 _find the value 3. | of4.b+b.2+é. 14. | Ifa, b and c are three vectors of magnitudes 3,4 and 5 respectively and each one is perpendicular to the sum of the other two vectors, find @ + b + 2. 15. | Find the projection of b + @ on @, where @ = 21-27 +k, b =i + 2j — 2k and @=2t-j+4k. 16. | Show that the vectors d= 31-27 +k, B 3f + 5k and @ = 21+j—4k forma right triangle. 17. | Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A@, 1,1), B (2, 3, 5) and C(I, 1, 5). 18. | Tf two vectors @ and b are such that |@| = 2, |b| = 1 and@.b = 1, then find the value of (3a — 5B). (2a + 75). 19. ] The dot product of a vector with vectors t+ j — 3k, 2+ 37 — 2k and 2+ j + 4k, are respectively 0, 5 and 8. Find the vector. 20. é If@+b +@=0 and || = 3, |b] = 5 and |é| = 7, show that the angle between G and Bis 60°.FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS a, Show that the points A, B and C with PVs 2?—j'+k, ?—37—5k and 3T-4j- Ak respectively are the vertices of a right triangle. Also find the remaining angles of the triangle 1.4, B and é are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then find value of 2a+5+é| If with reference to the right-handed system of mutually perpendicular unit vectors,ij,and k, @=3i-7, B=27+7 - 3K, then express f in the form B =B1+ B2 .Where Bris parallel to @ and B2 is perpendicular to a. Let @=i+ 47 +2, b = 3t-2)+7kand@=21-j+4k. Finda p which is perpendicular to both @ and b and p.2= 15. Find a unit vector perpendicular to both of the vector’s 34 + 2b and 3a — 2b,where d =1+f+handb =1+2)+3k The scalar product of the vector t+ f+ k with a unit vector along the sum of vectors 27 + 47 — 5k and ai + 27 + 3k is equal to 1 .Find the value of a. Given that vectors G,b,@ form a triangle such that d = b + @. Find p,q,r,s such that area of triangle is SV6 where G = pi + qj + rk,b = st+3j+ 4k andZ = 3i+j—-2k. Ifa, b, @, are three vectors such that 4+b+2 = 0 then, find the value of 4.b+b. 242.4 if la] = 3, |b] = 4 and|c| =2 Points L, M, N divides the sides BC, CA, AB of a triangle ABC in the ratios 1:4 , 3:2, 3:7 respectively. Prove that AL + BM + CN isa vector parallel to CK where K divides AB in the ratio 1:310 | The magnitude of the vector product of the vector ? + f + k with a 5 unit vector along the sum of vectors 21 + 4j — Sk and ai + 2j + 3k is equal to V2.Find the value of a. CASE STUDY CASE STUDY1: Solar Panels have to be installed carefully so that the tilt of the roof, and the direction to the sun, produce the largest possible electrical power in the solar panels. A surveyor uses his instrument to determine the coordinates of the four corners of a roof where solar panels are to be mounted. In the picture , suppose the points are labeled counter clockwise from the roof corner nearest to the camera in units of meters P1 (6,84), Pz (21,8,4), P3 (21,16,10) and Ps (6,16,10). What are the components to the two edge vectors defined by A= PV of P2 - PV of Pi and B= PV of P — PV of P1? (where PV stands for position vector) ,. Write the vector in standard notation with i, j and & (where ¢, j and Rare the unit vectors along th three axes). . What are the magnitudes of the vectorsdand Band in what units? What are the components to the vector W, perpendicular to Aand Band the surface of the roof? ;. What is the magnitude of Aand its units? The sun is located along the unit vector $= % 1-6/7} +1/" R. If the flow of solar energy is given by the vector F'= 910 S in units of watts /meter2, what is the do product of vectors # with N, and the units for this quantity? What is the angle between vectors Fand S? What is the elevation angle of the sun above the plane o the roof? (cos 51° =0.629) ANSWERSCASE STUDY 2 Gini purchased an air plant holder which is in the shape of a tetrahedron. Let A, B, Cand D are th coordinates of the air plant holder where A (1, 1, 1), B (2, 1, 3), C=(3, 2, 2) and D = (3,3,4). Based on the above information, answer the following questions 1. Find the position vector of AB.. a, -i-2k b. 2i+k c. i+2k d. -2i-k 2. Find the position vector of AC. a. 214-k b. 2itj+k c. -2ijtk d. 142j+k 3, Find the position vector of AD a. 2i-2)-3k b. itj-3k c. 3i#2}+2k d. 2i+2)+3k 4. Area of AABC= a. V11/2 sq. units b. V14/2 sq. unitsc. ¥13/2 d. ¥17/2 sq, units 5. Find the unit vector along AD fan b. c d. 1/V17(2i + 2} +3k) . 1/V17(32 + 35 42k) 1/V11(2i + 2) +3k) |. (28+ 27 43K) ANSWERS CASE STUDY 3. Team A,B,C went for playing a tug of war game. Teams A, B, C, have attached a rope toa mental ring and its trying to pull the ring into their own area(learn areas shown below). Team A pulls with force Fi=4i+0j KN Team C >F3=-3i-3j KN Based on the above information, answer the following. 1. Which team will win the game? a b. c d. Team B . Team A Team C . Noone 2, What is the magnitude of the teams combined force? a. b. d. 7 KN 1.4 KN 1.5 KN 2KN 3. In what direction is the ring getting pulled? a b. e 2.0 radian 2.5 radian 2.4 radiand. 3 radian 4. What is the magnitude of the forces of Team B? a. 2V5KN b. 6KN c. 2KN d. V6KN 5. How many KN force is applied by Team A? a. 5KN b. 4KN c 2KN d. 16 KN ANSWERS CASE STUDY 4: A class XII student appearing for a competitive examination was asked to attempt the following questions, Leta, band @ be three non zero vectors. 1. If and bare such that|a +b|=|a - bl then aa Lb b.al[b c.a=b d. None of these2. If a= 1-27 b=20+j+3k then evaluate (23 +b )-[(@ +b )x(@-2b )] a0 b.4 c.3 d.2 3. Ifdand bare unit vectors and @ be the angle between them then [@ -b | is . 6 a. sin= 2 b.2 sine 2 c.2 cos? 2 8 d. cos; 4, Let , band ébe unit vectors such that 4 .b=4 -¢ =0 and angle between band éis 1/6 then a= a. 2(b x @) b.-2(b x @) c. £2(b x 2) d.2(6 +2) 5. The area of the parallelogram formed by aand bas diagonals is a.70 b.35 c.V70/2 d.v70CASE STUDY 5: Ishaan left from his village on weekend. First, he travelled up to temple. After this, he left for the zoo. After this he left for shopping in a mall. The positions of Ishaan at different places is given in the following graph. Shopping mall 4567 8 9 10 Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Position vector of B is (a) 32+ Sf © (b) 52+ 37 (ec) 57-37 (d) S74 37 (ii) Position vector of D is (a) 5t+ 37 (b) 32+ 57 (c) 8i+97 (d) 92+ 87 (iii) Find the vector BC in terms of ij. (a)i- 27 (b)i+27 (c) 2i+j7 (d) 28-j (iv) Length of vector AD is (a) V67 units(b) V85_units(c) 90 units(d) 100 units (v) If M = 47 + 38, then its unit vector 4,3 (@gi+Zk ()E-ER 0) -ZI+3ZR -H-F