References:

Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora, p250-252 Articulations:

Clinical Anatomy by Snell, p473-475 Above = Talus
Front = cuboid
ANKLE AND FOOT 6 surfaces:
Skeleton of the Foot Anterior – articulates with cuboid
Tarsals Posterior – prominence of heel, gives attachments to
Metatarsals tendo calcaneus (Achilles Tendon)
Phalanges Superior – sulcus calcanei
*Sulcus Calcanei + Sulcus Tali = form a tunnel called “sinus
tarsi”, contains the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
Tarsal/ Ankle
Inferior – anterior tubercle in midline and a medial and
Proximal region of foot
lateral tubercle in inferior and posterior surface
7 tarsal bones
Medial – sustentaculum tali = assist for the support of
talus
Anterior:
Lateral – peroneal tubercle (anterior part) = small
Navicular
elevation, separates the tendons of peroneus longus and
Cuneiform
brevis
Cuboid

Posterior:
Joints
Talus
Calcaneus Talocrucral Joint

Intertarsal Joints
Navicular Between tarsal bones
"A little boat”
Attachment of the tibialis posterior tendon
Metatarsus
Cuneiform – wedge-shaped Intermediate region of foot
3 cuneiforms: 5 metatarsal bones (1-5 from medial to lateral)
1st (medial) cuneiform
2nd (intermediate) cuneiform Parts:
3rd (lateral) cuneiform Proximal base
Intermediate shaft
Distal head
Cuboid – cube-shaped
Tendon of peroneus longus – lodges in a deep groove on 1st MT
the inferior surface of cuboid Plays important role in supporting body weight
Talus/ Ankle bone 5th MT
Most superior (+) prominent tubercle on its base = easily palpated
Only bone that articulates with tibia and fibula along lateral border of foot
Articulates with medial malleolus (tibia) and lateral
malleolus (fibula) = Talocrural Joint/ Ankle Joint
*During walking, talus transmits 50% of body weight to Joints
the calcaneus. Remainder on other tarsal bones. Tarsometatarsal Joints
Metatarsals with 3 cuneiform and cuboid
Articulations:
Above = tibia and fibula (ankle joint)
Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Below = calcaneum
Front = navicular Proximal phalanges with metatarsals

Parts:
Head Phalanges
Neck Distal component of the foot
Body
14 phalanges
Neck: Numbered 1-5, with big toe, from lateral to medial
Sulcus Tali – deep groove Phalanx – single bone

Parts: Each phalanx

Calcaneus/Calcaneum/ Heel Proximal base
Largest and strongest tarsal Intermediate shaft
Distal head

*big toe/ hallux = 2 phalanges – distal and proximal

*other digits has 3 phalanges – proximal, middle, and
distal

From thumb:
Index, middle, ring, little finger

Interphalangeal joints
Joints between phalanges
Type: hinge

Arches of the Foot

2 arches:
Longitudinal
Transverse

Longitudinal
Consists of tarsal and metatarsal bones arranged to form
an arch from anterior to posterior part of foot

2 parts: Medial and Lateral

Medial
Calcaneus to talus and descends through navicular and 3
cuneiform and heads of 3 medial metatarsals

Lateral
Calcaneus to cuboid and descends to heads of 2 lateral
metatarsals

Transverse
Between medial and lateral aspects of foot
Formed by navicular, 3 cuneiforms, and bases of 5
metatarsals