REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND. FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT AUGUST 2011 VOLUME 4 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VOLUME 2 - WATER RESOURCES GOVERNANCE VOLUME 3 - _ ENGINEERING STUDY VOLUME 4 - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY VOLUME 5 = POTABLE WATER SUPPLY IMMEDIATE WORKS. VOLUME 6 - WATER RESOURCES DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK VOLUME 7 = PERLIS VOLUMES 02 KEDAR a a VOLUME 9 = PULAU PINANG VOLUME 10 = KELANTAN VOLUME 11 - TERENGGANU VOLUME 12 - PAHANG VOLUME 13, = PERAK VOLUME 14 - SELANGOR, FEDERAL TERRITORY OF KUALA LUMPUR AND PUTRAJAYA VOLUME 15 - _NEGERI SEMBILAN VOLUME 16 + MELAKA VOLUME 17 + JOHOR VOLUME 18 + SABAH VOLUME 19 - FEDERAL TERRITORY OF LABUAN VOLUME 20 SARAWAKREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 8 - KEDAH AUGUST 2011 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. ‘SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 4.0 INTRODUCTION 1 4.4 BACKGROUND 14 1.2. COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT 14 1.3. SUMMARY OF KEY FACTORS — WATER DEMAND AND AVAILABILITY 12 ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.0 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY a4 24 MALAYSIAN ECONOMICS ANALYSIS 24 24.1 Overview Malaysia Economy 2000-2010 24 2441 Gross Domestic Product Performance, 2000-2010 24 2.4.1.2 GDP Performance by Major Economic Activities, 2000 ~ 2010 24 24.2 Growth Corridors — Northern Corridors Economic Region (NCER) 25 24.3 GDP Projection 2011 - 2020 27 244 GDP Projection, Malaysia 2020 ~ 2050 29 Overall Projection 29 Projection by Economic Sector 240 248 rative State GDP Performance 240 GDP Performance by States 2000-2010 211 Manufacturing Sector GOP Performance 2005 ~ 2008 244 by States 2.483 Services Sector GDP Performance 2005 - 2008 by States 244 2454 Agriculture Sector GDP Performance 2008 - 2008 by States 245 2.48.5 __ GDP Projection by States 2010 - 2050, Malaysia 246 Northern State GDP Performance and Projection 249 Kedah GOP Performance 249 24.74 Comparing to NCER Performance 249 24.7.2 Kedah GDP Performance by Sector 2005 ~ 2010 249 2473 Projection 221 24.8 Assumptions 222 22 DEMOGRAPHY 2.23 224 Current Status 2.23 22.44 Population and Density 2.23 22.42 Rete of Population Growth 2.23 222 Population Projection Up to 2050 2.24 2221 Growth Contidor 225 2222 Assumptions for Projections 2.25 2.22.3 Population Projections for Kedah and Its Districts 228 ‘TiGene 6002 NWRSFNAL REPORT FAVED RedsNTOGe TOCA‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) ‘SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY 3.0 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY 34 INTRODUCTION 3.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA, 324 River Basins 32.1.1 SgKedah Basin 32.1.2 Sg Merbok Besin 32.1.3 SgMuda Basin 33 HYDROLOGICAL DATA 3.4 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS 3.4.4 Rainfall Analysis 34.2 Evaporation Analysis 3.4.3 Low Flow Analysis 343.1 Derivation of 1-day and 7-day Low Flows for Key Streamflow Stations 3.4.32 Derivation of the 1-day and 7-day Low Flows for Ungauged Sites 343.21 Regional Analysis 34.3.3 Derivation of 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamfiow Stations 3.4.3.4 Derivation of 36-Month Drought Sequence for Ungauged Sites 3.44 Flood Flow Analysis ‘SECTION 4 GROUNDWATER 4.0 GROUND WATER 4.4 INTRODUCTION 4.2 PRESENT UTILIZATION 4.2.4 Agriculture, Domestic and Industrial Sectors. 43 PREVIOUS STUDIES 43.1 Aquifers identified (Eighth Malaysia Plan (2001-2008)) 4.3.2 Aquifers identified (Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)) 433 Safe Yields 434 Ground water Monitoring Wolls. 4.4 MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION 441 Present 4414 Licensing 441.2 Quantity abstracted 442 Proposed 4421 Licencing 4422 Metering and terift ‘SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE 5.0 ALTERNATIVE WATER RESOURCES 5.4 INTRODUCTION 52 INTERSTATE WATER Page No. at at 32 32 at 43 43 43 49 att 442 412 4-12 412 4-12 412 412 413 s4 S41 FoCa‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) Page No. SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE (Conti-) 5.3 RECYCLING OF TREATED SEWERAGE St 5.4 OTHER ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES, 52 5.8 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES FOR PULAU LANGKAWI AND 53 ‘SMALL ISLANDS ‘SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND - POTABLE WATER 6.0 WATER DEMAND - POTABLE WATER et 6.1 BASIS AND CRITERIA et 6.2 REVIEW OF NWRS (2000) WATER DEMAND PROJECTION e4 6.2.1 Basis of Water Demand Projection e4 6.22 Actual Production Versus Projected Water Demand e4 6.3 WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION 6s Domestic Water Demand 65 Industrial Water Demand 69 Institutional and Commercial Demands 69 Serviced Factor 6-10 Unsatisfied Demands ett Non Revenue Water 6-1 6.4 WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 612 6.4.1 Wator Demand Management Principles 12 642 Tools and Techniques e12 64.3 Water Pricing Management 613 6.44 Overseas Experience 613 64.5 Demand pec Under Managed Scenario, e14 6.5 PROJECTED WATER DEMAND e14 ‘SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND - IRRIGATION 7.0 WATER DEMAND ~ IRRIGATION FOR PADDY 7 74 INTRODUCTION TA 7.2 PRESENT IRRIGATION SCHEMES TA 7.24 Granary Areas TH 7.22 Mini Granary and Minor Irrigation Schemes, 13 7.3 FUTURE IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT 74 7.4 WATER DEMAND FOR IRRIGATION 74 744 List Of Reference 75 ‘SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND - NON PADDY CULTIVATION 8.0 WATER DEMAND ~ NON-PADDY CULTIVATION, a 8.1 AREAS OF CROPS; CURRENT AND PROJECTED et ‘WiGerwaIR® 608 NARSFNAL REPORT 1va8ReoniFOCase TOCs‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) ‘SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND - NON PADDY CULTIVATION (Conti-) a2 a3 84 8.4.41 Oil Palm 842 Rubber 8.4.3 Tobacco 8.1.4 Industrial Crops 84.5 Herbs 846 Flower 84.7 Fruits 848 Vegetables CROP WATER CONSIDERATIONS ESTIMATION OF CROP EVAPORATION 8.3.1 Total Water Requirement ‘SOURCES OF WATER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. REFERENCE ‘SECTION 9 WATER DEMAND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY at 92 93 WATER DEMAND - ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (KEDAH) LIVESTOCK POPULATION 9.1.4 Existing Population 8.1.2 Projected Population to 2050 9.1.3 Projected Slaughter Numbers to 2050 WATER DEMAND 9.2.4 Drinking Water Demand 9.22 Washing Water Demand 9.23 Abattoir Water Demand 9.24 Total Livestock Water Demand WATER SOURCE SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER, 10.0 104 102 10.3 104 10.5 HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN KEDAH STATE, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA INTRODUCTION STUDY OBJECTIVES AND REFERENCES POWER DEMAND EXISTING HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN KEDAH SECTION 11 SEWERAGE 10 SEWERAGE Page No. ato att a2 a3 818 a7 104 104 104 102 102 102 ‘Gene 90 RENAL REPORT tala ReeanFOGdee‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) Page No. SECTION 11 SEWERAGE (Cont) 14.4. INTRODUCTION 14 11.2 PROFILE OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM 114 11.3 SLUDGE GENERATION 11-4 SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION 12.0 FLOOD MITIGATION 124 42.4 INTRODUCTION ted 12.2 EXISTING FLOOD PRONE AREAS 124 12.3 EXISTING FLOOD MITIGATION PROJECTS 123 124 FLOOD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 124 125 STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES, 124 12.6 _ NONE-STRUCTURAL FLOOD MITIGATION MEASURES 127 12.7 FLOOD MITIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1240 12.8 — CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS sat SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION 13,0 RIVER SEDIMENTATION 194 13.0.1 State of Kedah 132 13.1 SAND MINING 134 13.2 DEFORESTATION AND LAND CLEARING 138 13.3 DAM AND STORAGE CAPACITIES 138 134 IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS, BARRAGES AND OTHER RIVER 13-13 ‘STRUCTURES 13.5 CONCLUSIONS 1343 135.1 Reference 1314 SECTION 14 RIVER TRANSPORTATION 14.0 _ RIVER TRANSPORTATION 144 141 REFERENCE 44 SECTION 15 COASTAL ASPECTS 15.0 COASTAL ASPECTS 154 iGo 608 NARSENAL REPORT T.8 ResnOG doe TOSS‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Conti-) Page No. SECTION 18 COASTAL ASPECTS (Cont) 15.4 SHORELINE DESCRIPTION 184 152 COASTAL OUTLETS 152 15.3 IMPACT OF OUTLETS ON SHORELINE ADJACENT TO OUTLETS 152 154 SALINE INTRUSION 153 15.41 — Reference 183 SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 16.0 WATER RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1641 16.1 INTRODUCTION 164 16.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF KEDAH 162 16.3 WATER AVAILABILITY AND DEMAND 163 164 POPULATION 165 464.1 Current Status on Population, Growth Rates and Der 165 16.4.2 Population Projection to 2050 166 16.5 SOCIO-CULTURAL PROFILE 166 16.5.1 Historical and Cultural Sites 167 16.52 Environmentally Sensitive Areas. 168 16.6 LANDUSE 16-10 16.6.1 Current Landuse 16-11 16.62 Future Landuse 16412 16.6.3 Committed Landuse 16-43 18.7 PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1618 16.8 FOREST ECOSYSTEMS 16417 16.8.1 Status and Spatial Coverage 16-47 1682 Important Ecological Assets 16-21 16.8.3 Impacts on Water Resources and the Environment 16.25 18.8.4 Conservation Efforts in Forested Ecosystems 1625 16.8.5 Future Forest Conservation Efforts 1627 16.9 LAKE AND WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS 1627 168.1 Lakes 1628 1682 Wetlands 1631 16.19 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 1634 16.11 OVERALL ECOLOGICAL CONSERVATION STATUS 16:36 16.12 COMMERCIAL INLAND FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE 16.38 1612.1 Fisheries / Aquaculture Resources 16-38 4612.2 Current Aquaculture Production 1637 16.123 Water Requirements for Aquaculture 16-38 16.124 Issues and Consorvation Measures 16-40 16.13 RECREATION AND TOURISM 1641 Tera Ss WRB AL REPORT "AVA acon ee OCs‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont) SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS (Contl-) 16.14 16.15 16.18 16.17 16.18 WATER QUALITY AND SOURCE OF POLLUTION 1614.1 River Water Quality Assessment Based on Wat 16.142 Raw Water Quality Assessment at Water Abstraction Areas CONTRIBUTION FROM SEWAGE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM SOLID WASTE 16.16.1 Impacts on Water Resources ‘SUSTAINING THE ENVIRONMENT 16.171 Introduction 16.17.2 Environmental Flow 16.17.2.1 Method 1: 10% Average Annual Flow (AAF) 16.17.2.2 Method 2: Low Flow of 7Q1, 70s, 700 16.17.23 Method 3: Tennant (Montana) Method 16.17.24 Method 4: Smakhtin and Eriyagama Method RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WATER RESOURCES SECURITY AND ‘SUSTAINABILITY 16.181 Recommendation 4 — Protect Water Source Areas 1618.2 Recommendation 2~ Integrated Lake Basin Management 1618.3 Recommendation 3— Biodiversity Inventory 1618.4 Recommendation 4~ Establish Environmental Flow Program 1618.5 Recommendation § ~ Carry Out Capacity Building and Awareness Programs: 1818.6 Recommendation 6 — Landuse Zoning for Water Source Areas 16.18.7 Recommendation 7 — Sustainability of Water Resources for Fisheries. 16.18.8 Recommendation 8 ~ Water Quality Improvement and Pollution Prevention Annex 16.1 -Classification Of Lakes Status Annex 16.2 - Water Quality Annex 16.3 - Case Study On Environmental Impacts And Issues Of Lan« Projects ‘SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS 17.0 174 17.2 17.3 17.4 175 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS - WATER SOURCE DEVELOPMENT BASIS AND CRITERIA WATER DEMANDS 17.21 Potable Water 17.22 Irrigation 17.23 Agriculture 17.24 — Environmental Flows REGULATED YIELDS REGULATED YIELD - Simulation Results and Discussion 17.41 SgMuda and Sg Kedah Scheme 17.42 Padang Saga and Malut Dam ‘SUMMARY 17.54 Listof Reference Page No. 16-44 16-44 16-47 16-47 16-49 16-50 16-53 16-53, 16-54 16-55 16-56 16-58 16-57 1661 16-62 16-63 16-64 16-64 16-65 16-65 16-66 16-67 174 174 173 173 174 174 175 178 179 17412 17-18 17-23 17-24 ‘Gan 62 NARSFIL REPORT 10.6 KesnFOC doo TOOT‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS 180 DEVELOPMENT WORKS: 181 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - POTABLE WATER SUPPLY 1844 Bi 18.12 Existing Potable Water Supply System 181.21 Existing Source Works and Capacity 48.1.2.1.1 Water Supply Management 181.22 Treated Water System 181.23 Non Revenue Water Status 181.24 Existing Treated Water Supply Networks 181.25 Existing Laboratory Testing Faciities 18.1.3 Review of Development Works In NWRS 2000 18.1.3.1 Status of Development Works Proposed 18.1.3.1.1 Water Source Works 18.1.3.1.2 Weler Treatment Plants 18.1.3.2 Work Developed but Not Proposed under NWRS 2000 18.1.4 Recommendations for Development Works And Implementation Programme 181.41 RawWater 18.1.4.1.1 Dam and Storages 18.1.4.2 _Interbasin / Interstate Raw Water Transfer 181.43 Treated Water Supply System 18.1.4.4 Potential To Export 18.1.8 Preliminary Cost Estimates for Proposed Development Works = Potable Water Supply 181.81 Introduction 18.1.5.2 Source Works Cost Estimates 18.153 Water Supply System Cost Estimates 18.2 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - IRRIGATION 18.2.1 Proposed Development Works 48.2.1.1 —Naok Dam and Jeniang Transfer 18.2.1.2 Kedawang Dam 18.3 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - GROUND WATER 18.4 DEVELOPMENT WORKS - FLOOD MITIGATION 184.1 Existing Flood Mitigation Schemes With Potential for Surface Water Resource Development 18.4.1.1 Flood Detention Ponds 18.4.1.2 _Disuse Mining Ponds 18.4.1.3 Swamps and Wetlands 18.4.2 Flood Forecasting 18.4.3 Flood Management 1843.1 Ensure. Participatory Approach 18.4.3.2 Integrate Land and Water Management 1843.3 Manage the Water Cycle as a Whole 18.434 Adopt a Bost-Mix of Stratogios 1843.5 Adopt Integrated Hazard Management Approaches 18.43.68 Adopt Environmental Enhancoment 18.4.3.7 Integrated Water Resources Management ((WRM) ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS 19.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS 49.1 INTRODUCTION Page No. 184 1841 184 18.1 181 18:5 18-8 18:13 18413 18-16 18-18 1818 18-18 18:23 18-24 18-24 18-24 18-24 18-31 18-31 18-41 18-44 1841 18-42 18-42 18-45 18-45 18.45 1845 18-48 18-50 18-50 18-50 18-50 18-50 18-50 1851 18-52 18.52 18-53 18-53 18-53 18.54 194 194 TOCS‘TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont/-) Page No. ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS (Cont) 192 LOCATION 19.2 193 OBJECTIVE 194 194 SCOPE OF WORK 195 195 DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS 195 19.6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS, RELEVANT ACTS AND REGULATIONS 196 19.7 RELEVANT GUIDELINES 19.8 19.8 MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS 19-10 19.8.1 Ecological Issues 19-12 1982 Social Issues 1914 19.8.3 Water Quality and Flow 1046 1984 — OtherIssues 1945 19.9 RAPID IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX (RIAM) 1916 19.9.1 Tawar Muda Dam 19-18 1992 Sari Dam 19:23 19.9.3 Padang Gaong Dam (Langkawi) 10:28 19.10 MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS 19:32 19.11 RIAM SUMMARY 19-33 Revision ___ Description ‘Originator Reviewer Approval Date 4 Tssued to Client Key Team UKM ‘CML ‘August Mombors 2014 TossREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 8 - KEDAH AUGUST 2011 LIST OF TABLES SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 Available Rainfall in Malaysia. Table 1.2 Water Demand for various sectors in Kedah Table 1.3, Total Water Resource Demand in Kedah (mm rainfall per year) Table 1.4 Dams Storages in Kedah ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Table 2.1 Economic Performance 2000 ~ 2010 ~ GDP Malaysia (Value at constant 2000 prices) Table 2.2 Economic Performance 2000 - 2010 - GOP Malaysia Value in RM millon at constant 2000 prices Table 2.3 GOP 2010 ~ 2020, Malaysia Table 2.4 GDP Projection 2020 ~ 2050, Malaysia Table 25 Assumed Sectors Contribution to GDP, 2020 - 2050 Table 2.6 GOP Projection by Sector 2020 ~ 2050, Malaysia Table 27 GDP by States, 2000 - 2010 (value in RM milion) Table 28 GDP by States, 2000 - 2010 Table 2.9 GDP by State - Manufacturing Sector, 2005 ~ 2008 (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table2.40 GDP by State- Services Sector, 2005 - 2008 (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table2.11 GDP by State Agriculture Sector, 2005 — 2008 (Value in Constant year 2000 prices) Table2.12 Projected GDP by States, 2010 - 2020, Melaysia Table2.13 4 Northern States GDP Performance; 2010 — 2010, Malaysia (Value in RM milion) Table2.14 4 Northem States Projected GDP; 2010 ~ 2010, Malaysia Table2.15 Kedah GDP by Sector 2005 ~ 2010 (Constant year 2000 prices) Table2.16 Kedah State GDP Projection, 2010 - 2080 by Sector Table 2.17 Kedah State GDP Distribution by Sector, 2010 ~ 2050 Table2.18 Basic Population by Districts, 2010 Table 2.19 Population Size and Average Annual Rate of Population Growth by State 1991 - 2000 Table 2.20 Projected Urbanisation Level in Kedah by District in Percentage, 2010-2050 Table 2.21 Percentage Distribution of Workers by Main Industrial Groups by District in Kedah, 2000, Table 2.22 Percentage Distribution of Workers by Main industrial Groups by District, 2010-2050 Table 2.23 Population Projections ('000) under High, Medium and Low Variant Assumption for Kedah Table 2.24 Estimated Urban and Rural Population ('000) Based on The High Variant Projection Table 2.25 Estimated Urban and Rural Population (000) Based on The Medium Variant Projection Table 2.26 Estimated Urban and Rural Population (000) Based on The Low Variant projaction SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY Table 3.4 Rainfall Stations Used in Analysis Table 3.2 Long Term Mean Monthly, Annual Rainfell and Drought Monthly Rainfall "Gone 62 NAREFWAL REPORT 12.0 Kes OF Talon oe HiLIST OF TABLES (Cont/-) Table 3.3, Evaporation Station Used in Analysis Table 3.4 Long Term Mean Monthly and Annual Evapotranspiration Table 35 ‘Streamflow Stations Used in Low Flow and Drought Sequence Analysis Table 3.6 ‘1-day and 7-day Low Flow at Key Streamflow Stations. Table 3.7(a) _S-year 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamfiow Stations Table 3.7(b) 50-year 36-Month Drought Sequence at Key Streamflow Stations Table 3.8 ‘The Result Of t-day and 7-day Low Flow at the Key Streamifow Stations Table 3.9 ‘The 50 year 36- Month Low Flow Sequence at the key Streamflow Stations Table 3.10 Flood Flow of various Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) ‘SECTION 4 GROUNDWATER Table 4.4 Well Efficiency of the Ksk-Pw2 Well Table 4.2, Well Efficiency of Well Kkp-Pwt Table 4.3, Well Efficiency of Well Kkm-Pwt Table 4.4 Well Efficiency of Well Kkm-Pw2 Table 4.5 Well Efficiency of Well Kkm-Pw4 ‘SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Possible Altemative Water Source STP in Kedah (PE>10,000 oniy) ‘SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND ~ POTABLE WATER, Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.3, Table 6.4 Table 6.5 Table 6.6 Tablo 6.7 Table 6.8 Table 6.9 Regions Coverage in Kedah State ‘Actual Production Versus NWRS (2000) Projection (MLD) ‘Summary of pec (Weld) ‘Summary of pec (cls) ‘Summary of Industrial Consumption Per Worker Per Day (Uw/d) ‘Commercial and institutional Demand (as % of Domestic Demand) ‘Summary of NRW (2) Projected Water Demand for Kedah ‘Summary of Water Domand Projection by District ‘SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND ~ IRRIGATION Table 7.1 Table 7.2 Table 7.3 Table 7.4 Table 7.5 ligation Efficiencies Adopted in Water Demand Projection Estimation of irrigation Water Demand for 3 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seaded Rice 2050 Muda Inigation Scheme Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct Wet Seaded Rice 2050 Kedah Mini Granary Scheme Estimation of Irrigation Water Demand for 2 Planting Schedules for Direct, Wet Seeded Rice Kedah Minor Inigation Scheme Iivigation Water Demand Projection in Kedah State ‘SECTION 8 WATER DEMAND ~ NON-PADDY CULTIVATION Table 8.1 Table 82 Table 8.3, Table 8.4 Table 8.5, Table 8.6 Crop Areas in Kedah Projected to 200 (ha) Projected Oil Palm Areas by State, 1995 - 2050 (hectares) Projectad Rubber Areas by State, 1995 - 2050 (hectares) Projectad Tobacco Areas by Stale, 1995 - 2050 (hectares) Projected industrial Crop Areas by State, 1995 ~ 2050 (hectares) Projected Herb Areas by Slate, 1995 - 2050 (hectares) ‘WiGonoiR 682 NARSEWIAL REPORT 12008 Kast OF Tater o> iLIST OF TABLES (Conti-) Table 8.7 Projected Flower Areas by State, 1995 - 2050 (hectares) Table 8.8 Frult Areas by Stale, 1995 — 2060 (nectares) Table 8.9 Projected Vegetable Areas by State, 1995 — 2050 (hectares) Table 8.10 Mean Monthiy Reinfall (mm) and Evaporation (mmiday) for Kedah Table 8.11 Monthly Water Requirements for Non-Paddy Crops in Kedah 2007 ~2060 (000 m°) Table 8.12 Calculation on Monthly Water Requirements for Non-Paddy Crops in Kedah SECTION $ ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Table 9.1 Poultry Standing Populations (2008) Table 9.2 Ruminant and Pig Standing Popuitions (2008) Table 9.3 Percentage Change in Livestock Population Table 9.4 Projected Standing Populations Table 9.5 Projected Slaughtered Animals per Year Table 9.6 ‘Typical Water Consumption under Hot Weather Condition Table 9.7 Projected Drinking Water Demand (m°lyear) Tablo 9.8 ‘Wash Wator Requiremant under Malaysian Condition (Lihoadiday) Table 9.9 Projected Wash Water Demand (m*/year) Table 9.10 Abattoir Water Requirement under Malaysian Condition Table 9.11 Projected Abattoir Water Requirement (m®/year) Table 9.12 Total Water Requirement in Livestock Production (m"!year) Table 9.13 Acceptable Drinking Water Quality for Non-Ruminants Table 9.14 Acceptable Drinking Water Quality for Ruminents SECTION 11 SEWERAGE Table 11.1 Sewerage faclties and Population Equivalent (PE) served in Kedah (March 2010) Table 112 Sewerage facilites in Local Authority area and population equivalent (PE) served (Kedah) Table 11.3 Annual estimated sludge quantily generated from all sewerage facilities (year 2008, Kedah) Table 11.4 _Listof STPs with Population Equivalent 2,000 PE and above ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION Table 12.1. Flood Prone Area with respect to Land Uso Table 12.2 Major Flood Mitigation Projects Under RMKE-9 ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION Table 13.1. Average Suspended Sediment Loadings at the Sediment/ Streamflow Gauging Stations ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Table 18.1 Main Rivers Basins in Kedah Table 162 Reservoirs and Lakes in Kedah Table 18.3 Total Water Demand for All Sectors in Kedah Table 16.4 Total Water Avilabilily in Kedah (mm depth per year) Table 165 Basie Population by Districts, 2010 Table 16.6 Heritage and Cultural Sites in Kedah Table 16.7 ESAs in Kedah Table 16.8 Current Landuse Table 16.9 Projected Growth of Built-up Landuse (ha), 2005 ~ 2020 Table 16.10 Residential Landuse Development Strategies for Kedah, 2020 Table 16.11 Proposed Industrial Projects under the Kluster Pusat Pertumbuhan Perindustrian (PP!) ‘Wider 602 NAREINAL REPORT 18 Radon OTe = iiLIST OF TABLES (Cont/-) Toble 16,12 Total Forest Areas and Classification of Permanent Reserved Forests in the State of Kedah (2008) Table 16.13 _List of Permanent Reserves Forests in Kedah as of 31 December 2008 Table 16.14 __List of Proposed Permanent Reserves Forests Table 16.15 List of Recreational Forest in Kedah (1967-2000) Table 16.16 Criteria of High Conservation Value (HCV) Classes Table 16.17 List of Lakes in Kedah Toble 16.18 List of Wellands in Kedah Table 16.19 Main Issues for Wetlands in Kedah Table 1620 List of Freshwater Fish in Kedah Table 1621 High Impact Fishery/Aquaculture Projects, Table 1622 Aquaculture Production in 2007 and 2008 Table 16.23 Omamental Fishes and Hatcheries Production (no. of individuals) in Kedah 2007 - 2008 Toble 16.24 Projected Area (ha) and Water Requirements (milion m*) under Pond/Tank Aquaculture Teble 16.25 Number of Hotels and Rooms by State in 2008 Table 16.26 Kedah Tourist Arrivals Projected for 2010 to 2050, Table 16.27 Projected Annual Water Demand by Foreign Visitors to Kedah (2010-2050) Table 16.28 Water Quality Status of River Basins Toble 16.29 Estimated Sewage Loads in Kedah Table 16.30 Waste Generation Rate of Kedah Teble 16.31 _Listed of Lanaflls in Kedah, 2009 Teble 16.32 Total Number of Listed landfls within Kedah (with location details) Table 16.33 Methods Apped to Rivers in Malaysian States Table 16.34 Water Level Stalion In Kedah Table 16.35 The 7-day Low Flow of Kedah Water Level Station for 1, 5 and 50-years Retum Periods Teble 16.36(2) Flow Regime from Tennant (Montana) Method for Station ID 5608418 Table 16.37 River Management Class Based on Water Quality Conailions in Kedah Rivers Table 16.38 Details of Recommendations 8 - Quality Improvement and Pollution Prevention ‘SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS, RAW WATER SOURCES DEVELOPMENT Teble 17.1 Water Source Requirement Teblo 17.2 _ tigation Water Demand Projection in Kedah State Table 173 Projected Agriculture Water Demand Table 174 Existing WTPs serving Northern Kedah Table175 Existing WTPs serving Central Kedah Table 176 Existing WTPs Serving Souther Kedah Teble 177 Existing Wips Serving Langkawi Table 17.8 Summary of Present Dams in Kedah Teble179 Proposed Source Works Table 17.10 List of Simulation Table 17.11 Supply and Demand of Irigation Water for MADA Scheme under 36 months 1 in 5-year low flow condition Table 17.12 Supply and Domand of Irigation Water to Muda Irigation Scheme under 36 months 1 In 6-year low flow for future condition (Year 2050) Table 17.13 Reservoir Actual Evaporation (mm) Table 17,14 Dam Operation Data Table 17.15 Proposed Water Source Works and YieldLIST OF TABLES (Cont/-) ‘SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS Table 18.1 Existing Water Supply Dams in Kedah Table 18.2 _River Abstraction for Potable Water Supply Table 18.3 Waler Treatment Plant Regulated by Dams Table 18.4 Water Trealment Plant by Run-of-River Table 18.5 Water Supply Regions in Kedah Teble 18.6 Existing Water Treatment serving Plant Northem Kedah Table 187 Existing WTPs serving Central Kedah Table 18.8 Existing WTPs Serving Southern Kedah Table 189 Existing WTPs Serving Langkawi Table 18.10 WTP under Construction Table 18.11 Non Revenue Water (%4} Table 18.12 Existing Water Supply Networks Table 18.13 Existing Laboratory Equipment Table 18.14 Proposed Water Source Works under NWRS 2000 Table 18.15 Proposed Schemes under WRSNR 2009 Table 18,16 WTP Proposed in NWRS 2000 Table 18.17 Proposed Water Source Development Table 18.18 Key Data for Tawar-Muda Dam Table 18.19 Koy Data for Sari Dam Table 1820 Key Data for Reman Dam Table 18.21 Proposed Loading Factor for Water Supply Table 18.22 Total WTP Capacity Required Table 18.23 Proposed WTPs for Northern Region Table 18.24 Proposed WTPs for Central Region Table 18.25 Proposed WTPs for Southern Region Table 18.26 Proposed WTPs for Langkawi Region Table 18.27 Summary of Plant Design Capacity Table 18.28 Details of Cost Components Table 18.29 Project List and Costing for Development Work until 2050 Table 18,30 Water Source Work Projects Identified in Kedah ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECTS Table 19.1 Assessment Criteria for RIAM Table 19.2 Range bands used for RIAM Table 19.3 _Description of Components and the Impact Categories for Tawar Muda Dam Table 19.4 Summary of the RIAM Assessment for Tawar Muda Dam Table 19.5 Description of Components and the Impact Categories for Sar Dam Table 19.6 Summary of the RIAM Assessment for Sari Dam Table 19.7 Description of Components and the Impact Categories for Padang Gaong Dam Table 13.8 Summary of the RIAM Assessment for Padang Gaong DamREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000-2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT VOLUME 8 - KEDAH AUGUST 2011 LIST OF FIGURES SECTION 4 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Water Demand in Various Sector ‘SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY Figure 2.1 Percentage Distribution of Workers for Each Economic Secior in 2010 and 2050 Figure 2.2 Percentage of Workforce by Districts in 2010 and 2050 Figure 2.3 Total Population Projection Grows for the State of Kedah SECTION 3 SURFACE WATER - HYDROLOGY Figure 3.1 Hydrological Stations Used For Analysis, SECTION 4 GROUND WATER Figure 4.1. Hydrogeological Map of Kedah (After JMG 2008) Figure 4.2 Ground water Resource Project Study Areas In Kedah and Pulau Pinang (After JMG Kedah (2008) Figure 4.3. Sg Melaka Basin Study Project Site, Langkawi (After JMG Kedah, 2008) SECTION 5 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCE Figure 5.1 Tourist Istands in Malaysia SECTION 6 WATER DEMAND ~ POTABLE WATER, Figure 6.1 Water Supply Regions in Kedah Figure 6.2 Actual Production versus NWRS (2000) Projected Water Demand Figure 8.3 Projected Water Demand For Kedah Figure 6.4 Water Demand Projection Curve for Kota Setar and Pokok Sena Figure 6.5 Water Demand Projection Curve for Kubang Pas Figure 6.6 Water Demand Projection Cure for Padang Terap Figure 6.7 Water Demand Projection Curve for Yan Figure6.8 Water Demand Projection Curve for Pendang, Figure 6.9 Water Demand Projection Cune for Kuala Muda Figure 6.10 Water Demand Projection Curve for Sik Figure 6.11 Water Demand Projection Curve for Baling Figure 6.12 Water Demand Projection Curve for Bandar Baharu Figure 6.13 Waler Demand Projection Curve for Kuli Figure 6.14 Water Demand Projection Curve for Langkawi ‘SECTION 7 WATER DEMAND ~ IRRIGATION Figure 7.1 Location of Muda Granary Area ‘HaGeneaiR 008 NARGEWAL REPORT 12a Reda OFigoen doe 7LIST OF FIGURES (Contl-) Figure 7.2 Location of Inigation Schemes at MADA Fringe Area ‘SECTION 10 HYDROPOWER. Figure 10.1 Existing and Identied Hydropower Sites In The Peninsular Malaysia SECTION 11 SEWERAGE Figure 11.1 Percentage of Population Equivalent (PE) served by Type of Sewerage Facilities Figure 11.2 Percentage of Sewerage Coverage (in % PE) based on Local Authority Areas (Kedah) Figure 11.3. Central Kedah Figure 11.4 Langkawi District Figure 11.5 Sourth Kedah Figure 11.8 North Kedah ‘SECTION 12 FLOOD MITIGATION Figure 12.1. Flood prone Areas in Kedah Figure 12.2 Structural Flood titigation Measures Figure 12.3 Flood Forecasting and Flood Routing ~ Concept Flow Chart ‘SECTION 13 RIVER SEDIMENTATION Figure 13.1. Annual Series of Sg. Muda @ Syed Omar Streamflow Station, Figure 12.2 Single and Double Mass Plots of Sg Muda @ Syed Omar Streamflow Stations in Kedah Figure 13.3(a) View of Bridge Scour Along Sg. Muda crossings 1/2 Figure 13.3{b) View of Bridge Scour Along Sg. Muda crossings 2/2 Figure 12.4 MUDA Irrigation Project Figure 13.5 Muda Dam: An Upstream View Figure 13.6 Beris Dam Birdeye View ‘SECTION 16 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Figure 16.1 Districts of Kedah Figure 16.2 Population Projections for Kedah (2010 to 2050) Figure 16.3 ESAs in Kedah Figure 16.4 Current Landuse of Kedah Figure 16.5 Forest Reserve in Kedah Figure 16.6 Location Plan of Ulu Muda Forest Reserve with Sg Lasor and its Tributaties Figure 16.7 Locations of Geoforest Parks and Permanent Reserved Forest in Langkawi Figure 16.8 An Aerial View of Dayang Bunting Lake Figure 16.9 View of Pedu Lake Figure 16.10 Location of Wetlands in Kedah Figure 16.11 Lobochellos rhabdoura Figure 16.12 Tilan Fish (Mastaccembelus cf. erythrotaenis) Figure 16.13. Assumptions on Waste Generation Projections Figure 16.14 Locations of Landill Sites in Relation to Water Intake Points in Kedaly Figure 16.18 Distribution of Daily Flow at Station ID 8608418 Figure 16.18 Flow Duration Curves for Station ID 5608418, SECTION 17 WATER RESOURCES ANALYSIS. Figure 17.1 Existing Dams in Kedah State Figure 17.2 Schematic Diagram of Sg Kedah & Sg Muda System (2050 Condition) Figure 17.3 Four Potential Dams Proposed In the IWRS-NR 2009 Study "EsGesea 6082 NNRSFINAL REPORT 1208 Kees OF Pven = iLIST OF FIGURES (Cont!-) Figure 17.4 Present iigation Water Supply and Demand Curve at MADA under 1 in 5- year 36 Months tow flow Figure 17.8 Present Potable Water Supply and Demand Curve at Pinang Tunggel & Sg. Du Intake under ‘in 60-year 36 Months low flow Figure 17.6 Future irrigation Water Supply and Demand Curve at MADA under 1 in § Yr 36 Months low flow Figure 17.7 Future Potable Weter Supply and Demand Curve at Pinang Tunggal & Sg. Dua Intake under 111 50 Yr 36 Months low flow Figure 17.8 Schematic Model Simulation for Malut dam and Padang Saga dam Figure 17.9 Malut Dam reservoir water level, inflow and outflow Figure 17.10 Padang Saga reservoir water level, inflow and outflow Figure 17.11 Water supply and demand curve at Kemoja WTP intake Figure 17.12 Water supply and demand curve at Kemboja WTP intake SECTION 18 DEVELOPMENT WORKS Figure 18.1 Sg Kedah and Sg Muda Schomatic Diagram Figure 18.2 Weler Supply Region in Kedah Figure 18.3. Enisting Water Treatment Plans in Northem, Cental and Souther Kedeh Figure 18.4 Existing Water Treatment Panis in Langkawi Figure 18.5 Existing & Proposed Dam Sites for Northem, Cental and Southern Kedah Figure 18.6 Existing Dams for Langkawi Figure 18.7. Tawar-Muda Dam Layout Plan Figure 18.8 Tawar-Muda Dam Section Plan Figure 18.9 Sari Bam Layout Pian Figure 18.10 Sari Dam Section Plan Figure 18.11 Reman Dam Layout Plan Figure 18.12 Roman Dam Section Pian Figure 18.13 Sg Kedeh and Se Muda System Regulated by Ensting and Proposed Dams Figure 18.14 Supply-Demand Curve For Kota Setar & Pokok Sena Figure 18.15 Supply-Demand Curve For Kubang Pasu Figure 18.16 Supply-Oemand Gurve For Pedandg Terap Figure 18.17 Supply-emand Curve For Yen Figure 18.18 Supply-Demand Curve For Pendang Figure 18.19 Supply-Demand Curve For Kuala Muda Figure 18.20 Supply-Demand Curve For Sik Figure 18.21 Supply-Demand Curve For Baling Figure 18.22 Supply-Domand Curve For Bandar Saharu Figure 18.28 Supply-Demand Curve For Kulim Figure 18.2 Supply-Domand Curve For Langkawi Figure 18.25 Location of Proposed Kedawang Dam Figure 18.26 Working Plan for Kedawang Dam Proposed in JICA 1995 Study, Figure 18.27 Hycrogeclogical Map of kedah Figure 18.28 Integrated Flood Management Modal (GWP and WMO, 20044) ‘SECTION 19 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF IDENTIFIED IMMEDIATE WORKS PROJECT Figure 19.1 Existing and Proposed Dams on the Kedah Meiniand Figure 19.2 Proposed and Existing Dam Sites for Langkawi Island Figure 18.3 Comparison of Positive and Negative impacts Figure 19.4 Summary of the RIAM Assessment Figure 19.5 Comparisen of Positive and Negative Impacts ‘RAGen= RB 062 NWREFWL REPORT 128 Rect OFFipoen oe iLIST OF FIGURES (Cont-) Figure 19.6 Summary of the RIAM Assessment Figure 18.7 Comparison of Positive and Negative Impacts Figure 18.8 Summary of the RIAM Assessment ‘igen 682 NNRSFWNL REPORT 1.8 Recon OF Fignen oe wMAF AE AAGR AKSB AN ARI BAKU BoM BKSA BLS BoD BRH cop CAPEX CORPRI cnt COAG cesT DAINET DBKL DID bo DOA DOE DSA Dss bvs ECER ECM EIA EMP EPU EQA EScP Eto LIST OF ABBREVIATION Annual Average Flow ‘Actual Evaporation ‘Average Annual Growth Rate Air Kelantan Sdn Bhd ‘Ammoniacal Ni gen ‘Average Recurrence Interval Bekalan Air Kelantan Utara Billion Cubic Metres Badan Kawal Selia Air Pahang /State Water Regulatory Body Barat Laut Selangor Biochemical Oxygen Demand Bernam River Headworks Chemical Oxygen Demand Capital Expenditure Corporatization/Privatization Critical National Information Infrastructure Council of Australian Government Centralised Septic Tanks Development Altematives Information Network Dewan Bandaraye Kuala Lumpur Department of Irigation and Drainage / Jabatan Pengalran dan Saliran Dissolved Oxygen Department of Agriculture Department of Environment / Jabatan Alam Sekitar Drought Sequence Analyses Decision Support System Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia Eastern Corridors Economic Region Energy Commission of Malaysia Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Plan Economic Planning Unit (Federal) Environmental Quality Act Erosion and Sediment Control Plan. Evapo-transpiration ooh Oo NWRSNALR Ot Arevnen coeFAO FR FT FIPP FTwer FTWRD FWRD GDP GEV Gis GNP Wh Wha GwP ha HEP. IDA, laDP Icom Iczm lowe iFM IFR 1LBM Inwas P IPP IREM Ist IsRWT IUCN WK IWRM IWRSNR JAS BA LIST OF ABBREVIATION Food and Agriculture Organisation Forest Reserves Federal Territory / Wilayah Persekutuan Fair Trade Practices Policy Federal Territories Water Resources Council Federal Territories Water Resources Department Federal Water Resources Division Gross Domestic Product General Extreme Value Geographical Information System Gross National Product Gigawatt-hour Gigawatt-hours per annum Global Water Partnership hectare Hydro-electric Project Integrated Agricultural Development Area Integrated Agricuitural Development Project Integrated Catchment Management Integrated Coastal Zone Management International Conference on Water and the Environment Integrated Flood Management In-Flow-Requirement Integrated Lake Basin Management Interim National Water Quality Standard Intellectual Property Independent Power Producer Integrated River Basin Management Individual Septic Tanks Inter-State Raw Water Transfer International Union for the Conservation of Nature Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd Integrated Water Resources Management IWRS - Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia Jabatan Alam Sekitar / Department of Environment Jabatan Bekalan Air / Water Supply Department Gene G2 NOREFWALLIN OF Rwaaen osJICA JKR JMG JPS JPSPN KeTTHA KKM km kw kwe kWh Lap LPpP Weld or led hd of wd LNG LN2P LN3P LSAN LUAS LUAN MADA MAF MAM MAR MARDI Mcal Mcm MD Me MHLG Mi Mia LIST OF ABBREVIATION Japanese Intemational Cooperation Agency Jabatan Kerja Raya / Public Work Department Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains / Department of Minerals and Geo-Science Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran / Department of Irrigation and Drainage Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Kementerian Tenaga, Teknologi Hijeu Dan Air Malaysia / Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia / Ministry of Health Kilometre Kilowatt Kuching Water Board Kilowatt-hour Lembaga Air Perak Laporan Penyiasatan Pengeluaran Padi Itres/eapita/day litrestworker/day Liquefied Natural Gas Log-normal 2- parameter Log-normal 3-parameter Lembaga Sumber Air Negeri Kedah Lembaga Urus Air Selangor / Selangor Water Management Authority Lembaga Urus Air Kedah / Kedah Water Resource Board Mada Agricultural Development Authority Mean Annual Flood Mean Annual Minimum ‘Mean Annual Catchment Reinfall Malaysian Agricultural Development Institute Malaysian Criteria & Indicator Million Cuble Metres Maximum Demand Multiple Effect Ministry of Housing and Local Government Million Litres Million Litres Per Day GonoaIRS 682 NASAL OF Asn coe iiMMD_ MNG. MNMP MOH MoNRE/NRE, MP. MSF MSMA MVA, Mw. mais NAHRIM NAM NATIP NCER NDWasP NERC NGO NIPP. NLC NREO NRW NWI NWMS NWoMS: NWR NWRD NWRL NWRP NWRS Nwsc oc OPPS PAAB PCCipce PDMP LIST OF ABBREVIATION Malaysian Meteorological Department / Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia Multinationals Company Malaysian National Medicine Policy Ministry of Health Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia, Malaysia Pian Multi-stage Flash Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Manufacturing Value-added Megawatt Cubic metres/second National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia Non-aligned Movement National Timber Industry Policy Northern Corridors Economic Region National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme, National Environment Research Council Non Government Organisation National Intellectual Policy National Land Council Natural Resources and Environment Ordinance Non Revenue Water National Water Initiative National Water Market System National Water Quality Management Strategy National Water Resources Council National Water Resources Department National Water Resources Law National Water Resources Policy National Water Resources Study National Water Services Commission Organization of Islamic Conference Third Outline Perspective Plan Pengurusan Aset Air Berhad Per capita consumption Power Development Master Plan one 62 NARSE WAL OF Recaro wvPE PFR PGMS PMF PMP PPA PsMP PIG RBC RC ROC RDZ RO SAINS SAIP SALCRA SAMB SAP. sBcP SCORE spc SESB SESCO SEB SFMLA SFZ SITEXT SMI SPAN ssmP sTIDc sTP swe sWR SWRA SWRC ‘SWRD LIST OF ABBREVIATION Population Equivalent Permanent Reserved Forests Pacific Garbage Management Systems Probable Maximum Flood Probable Maximum Precipitation Power Purchase Agreement Power Systems Development Master Plan Pejabat Tanah dan Galian / Land and Mines Department Public Works Department / Jabatan Kerja Raya Rotating Biological Contractor Reinforced Concrete Regional Development Corridor Regional Demand Zone Reverse Osmosis ‘Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Sdn Bhd Sabah Agro-Industrial Precinct ‘Sarawak Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority ‘Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad Sabah Agricultural Policy ‘Sapangar Bay Container Port ‘Sarawak Corridors of Renewable Enersy ‘Sabeh Development Corridor Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd ‘Sarawak Electricity Supply Company ‘Sarawak Energy Berhad Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement Sapangar Free Zone ‘Sandakan Integrated Trade Exchange Terminal ‘Small And Medium Industry ‘Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara / National Water Services Commission ‘Sabah Shoreline Management Plan ‘Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation ‘Sewage Treatment Plant Sibu Water Board State Water Resources State Water Resources Agency State Water Resources Council State Water Resources Department ce ea 62 NARSINALSI OF Aareiton o> vSWRTC. SYABAS. Tom TEM TNB Tonnesiha TOR ss UNDP UPEN URS ve WAMCO wom Wr WHO. we wal wair WRP WRDMC. WSIA wwe LIST OF ABBREVIATION State Water Resources Technical Committee ‘Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor Sdn Bhd Total Catchment Management Transient electromagnetic Tenaga Nasional Berhad Metric tons per hectare Terms of Reference Total Suspended Solids United Nations Development Programme Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri / State Economic Planning Unit Conduct a User Requirements Study Vapour Compression Water Asset Management Company Water Demand Management Water for the Future World Health Organization Wilayah Persekutuan / Federal Territory ‘Water Quality Index Water Quality Improvement Plan Water Resources Plans Water Resources Development and Management Corporation Water Services Industry Act 2008 Water Treatment Plant World Water Council ‘Senn 82 NARSENALLa OF Rov doe viREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000 ~ 2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT, VOLUME 8 - KEDAH AUGUST 2011 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION10 44 12 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Kedah covers an area of 9,500 km? and is located northwest of Peninsular Malaysia, consisting of the mainland and Pulau Langkawi, the main tourism island of Kedah. The State is bordered by Perlis and parts of Thailand to the north, Perak to the south and Pulau Pinang to the southwest. It comprises twelve (12) administrative districts, which are Kota Setar, Baling, Bandar Baharu, Kubang Pasu, Kulim, Langkawi, Padang Terap, Pendang, Poxok ‘Sena, Sik and Yan, The economy is dominated by agriculture, manufacturing and tourism, Kedah, an agrarian State, is known as the “rice bow!" of Malaysia, as itis the largest paddy producer in Malaysia. Other agricultural crops sustaining the agro-based industries, are rubber, oil palm and fruits. The main economic areas sited in the Northem Corridor Economic region (NCER) are Alor Setar, Sungai Petani, Tikam Batu and Kulim, which have led to Increased population growth in the past decades. Pollutants from these urban areas and leachates from the agricultural areas have contriouted to decreased water quality in the receiving rivers in the State, limiting the availability of water for beneficial use. ‘The sections that follow will provide various relevant aspects pertaining to water resources management in the State to satisfy demands based on water resources availability. ‘Considerations of water resources management are the economy, demography, surface water hydrology, ground water availability, potable water demand, irrigated paddy water demand, non-paddy agriculture water demand, alternative sources of water, other irrigation water demand, hydropower, and the limiting factors such as sewerage, flood mitigation, river ‘sedimentation, river navigation, and water pollution. Specifically relevant to the environmental ‘and engineering aspects are water quality, landuse, forestry, environmental flows, fisheries, livestocks and solid wastes. All these are reviewed and studied culminating in recommendations for water resources projects, particularly, potable water supply, in the State. COVERAGE OF THIS REPORT The State Report will cover the engineering and environmental aspects of the water resources development in the State. The Subject matter covered in the Kedah State report is. as follows: Section2 = Economic and Demography Sections - —Surface Water Hydrology Section4 = Ground Water Section5 - —_ Alternative Water Source Section6 = —_—_ Water Demand - Potable Water Section? = Water Demand - irrigation Section8 = Water Demand - Non Paddy Cultivation Goren 682 NRG OVALS. KessEaNTeauctondoe 4RORTENEE view ofthe National Water Resources (2000 - 2050) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy 7 ~ Volume 8 Kedah, Final Report, August 2011 43 INTRODUCTION ‘= Ranhill Consulting Sn Bhd ~ Section9 = Water Demand - Animal Husbandry Section 10 - Hydropower Section 11 = Sewerage Section12 - ‘Flood Mitigation Section 13 - River Sedimentation Section 4 - —_River Transportation Section 15 - Coastal Aspects Section 16 = Environmental Aspects Section 17 - Water Resources Analysis, Section 18 = Development Works Section 19 - —_—_Environmental Evaluation Of Identified Immediate Works Projects ‘SUMMARY OF KEY FACTORS ~ WATER DEMAND AND AVAILABILITY From the foregoing sections, the aspect of water demands and the availabilty of water resources within the State from the different sectors are summarized below. This summary gives an overall insight of the water needs of the State in relation to the degree water resource that is regulated in the State, and the need for importation of raw water from neighbouring States. ‘A key element in water resources is the water demand factor for various sectors. Water demands are measured in various units; million litres per cay (MLD) for potable water supply, acre-feet for irrigation, or alternatively as milion cubic metres per annum (MCM). it may be convenient for water resources planning to simplify and rationalise all water demand in the common denominator of rainfall, The water demand in milimetres (mm) of rainfall for the State is derived by dividing the annual water demand of the State by the State's total land area. With this, it would be convenient to regard the water demand In a particular State as a how much rain that falls in the particular State is required to satisfy the total and various water demand sectors’. This then becomes a measure on how sufficient the State's surface water resource is to meet its own water requirements, and how dependent the State is on inter-state water transfer to meet its requirement. Table 1.1 below shows the water resources availability in terms of rainfall for the various States. ‘cena Se MRSNALWH Kann reaice o> 12ERSTEREE Review of tho National Water Resources, (2000 - 2080) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy PRM = lure & econ, Fai Repo August 211 INTRODUCTION = Rani Consuting Sén Bhs ~ Table 1.1 - Available Rainfall in Malaysia ‘atual | Groundwater | — Surface State ainda ie Evaporation | Recharge Runoff (mm), (ram) i) wt [1880 | 1.200 120 470 ig ROa a AA RO le so 048 | 2950 | 1400 120 600 21036 | 2480 | 1.820 170 900 Selangor @306 | 2.190 | 4.280 450 760 Neges Sembilan | 6606 | 1.000 | t210 0 490 Melaka ies | 1800 | 1.210 7100 570 Johor 7e2i0| 2470] 7.100 700 1140 Pahang 36,137 2,470 1,250 120 1,100 Terenggan 13.035 | 3910 | 1470 180 4,690 Kelantan 76.088 | 2.600. | 1.200 140 170 West Malaysia ‘azes1 | 24s58 | 12000 1478 7.0840 Sabah 7360 | 2860 | 1,180 790 1180 Sarawak 724450] 3640 | 1.260 240 2,150 FT Labuan ot 3100 | 4.480 150 4a70 East Malaysia 198,172 3,238.5 1,227.8 221.4 1,789.3 Malaysia 300803 | 20006 | 12508 1918 14985 ‘The water demands for the various sectors of potable water, iigation, non-paddy agriculture crops, animal husbandry and fisheries are tabulated in Table 1.2. They are expressed in MCM and mm per year so that a comparison can be made with the aveilable rainfall in the State. Of the 5 sectors, 4 sectors, namely, potable water, irigated paddy, non-paddy irrigation and animal husbandry, are consumptive users whereas fisheries constitute a non-consumptive user, as the water is only used for circulation in the pond to provide aeration, Water abstracted from the river is returned a short distance from the abstraction point. ‘The sufficiency for surface water resource is analysed for the consumptive use of water. "Genes Oz NWRDE NALNOLe Reese nrediciondoe 1-3ROMTENEE Review of the National Water Resources (2000 - 2060) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy i ~ Volume 8 Kedah, Final Report August 2011 INTRODUCTION, = Ranil Consulting Sdn Bho ~ Table 1.2 - Water Demand for various sectors in Kedah 2010 | 2020 | 2030 | 2040] 2050 | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 Sectors Water Demand MCM per year | Water Demand mm rainfall per year| Potable Water Demand 488.5 | 658.1 |595.0|634.4| 677.1 | 51.2 | 68.7 | 626 | 668 | 71.3 lirigated Paddy | 2,283 | 2,263 |2,089| 2,076] 2,030 | 240.9 |298.2|219.9| 218.5| 213.7 INon-Paddy Crops | 1460 | 146.0 |146.0| 147.0| 1400 | 15.4 | 154 | 164 | 155 | 156 Livestock es | e4 [ia] t52| 213 [07 [09 | 12 [18 | 22 Total consumptive Mnaterctemarep'®| 2,922 | 2,976 | 2,841| 2873) 2,876 | ao76 | 212.2| 209.1| 02.4] 2028 Fisheries 1361 | 167.9 |1932[2127| o468 [143 | 166 | 108 | 224 | 260 Total demand | 3,088 | 3,133 | 3,024] 3,005] 3,429 | 322 | 390 | ste | 926 | 929 Table 1.3 shows the total water demand in mmiyear of rain as compared with the availabie rainfall less runoff. Itis estimated that about 70% of the runoftis “lost” to the sea by way of flood discharge, Of the remaining 20%, about half (15%) can be considered available for use for all sectors and hence considered as ‘effective rainfall”. The full 30% is not adopted as the last river water intake is not located at the river mouths, and hence not able to capture the total amount of water, Another js the impact of saline intrusion that makes abstraction of raw water not feasible. “Effective rainfall" is used as an Index and not as an absolute amount. The index indicates the state of affairs with regard to the availability of unregulated flows without dams that can ‘capture part of the high flows. Table 1.3 - Total Water Resource Demand in Kedah (mm rainfall per year) vane RoR Estinatsavalable” [ Tolalsonsumptive pepe 2010 750 1125 307.6 (195.4) 2020) 750 1125 318.2 (200.7) 2030 760 1125 290.1 (186.6) 2040 750 1125 302.4 (189.9) 2050 760 1126 302.8 (190.3) Itcan be seen that Kedah is in deficit for water. The deficit reduces with time as itis projected that with increasing irrigation efficiency, the water demand will reduce. Irigation is the largest user of water in the State and with work focused on water demand management in this sector, much can be achieved. Even so Kedah will continue to be dependent on the 3 mejor dams (Pedu/Muda, Ahning and Betis) to regulate river flows for its water needs as in Table 14, WGenwa 52 NRE NALA Kanaan = 14Review of the National Water Resources (2000 - 2050) and Formulation of National Water Resources Policy SR ins as ou See nce adobenet = Pa casting Sn Sh ~ Table 1.4~ Dams Storages in Kedah sarage Dams og Td 780 Ped roe Aig 295 Bets iz a i605 ‘The total dam storage of 1606 MCM is equivalent to a release of 169 mm of rain equivalent for the State of Kedah. With higher regulation by means of reservoir storage turnover per year of more than 1 time, the deficit can be met with surplus from the States of Perlis and Pulau Pinang, Figure 1.4 shows the water demand by sectors as compared with the available water in the State. Only demand in mm is shown for potable water and irrigated paddy against water availabilty. Water Demand for Various Sector and Availability for Kedah 3500 — ——— Potable Water Demand S— Mnigated Padkly —+— Non Paddy Crops Livestock 300.0 | Fisheries == Available effective Rainfall 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 Water Demand (mm rainfall per year) 50.0 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 Figure 1.1 — Water Demand in Various Sector "ener 2 NAROFWALL Kean Eant roan aeREVIEW OF THE NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES STUDY (2000 ~ 2050) AND FORMULATION OF NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY FINAL REPORT, VOLUME 8 - KEDAH AUGUST 2011 SECTION 2 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHYECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.0 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY 24 MALAYSIAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. 2.4.1 Overview of Malaysia Economy 2000 - 2010 2.1.1.1 Gross Domestic Product Performance, 2000 - 2010 Table 2.1 shows Malaysia economic performance between 2000 and 2010. The figures are in RM million at constant 2000 price. Like other economies, the Malaysian economy during the past decade was also affected by the adverse world economy. During the same period, the Malaysian GDP experienced a low growth of 0.6% in 2001, a high growth of 8.9% in 2003 and negative growth of 1.7% in 2008. The national average annual growth rate (AAGR) over the 10-year period was 4.2%, ‘Table 2.1 - Economie Performance 2000 - 2010 - GDP Malaysia (Value at constant 2000 prices) Year Value (in RM billion) ‘Average Growth Rato(%) 2000 3564 : 2001 3584 0.87 2002 366.6 2.27 2003 3094 8.98 2004 4285 678 2005 449.3 5.33 2006 4755 5.85 2007 504.9) 6.18 2008 528.3 463 2008 5193 AT 2010 535.9 32 'AAGR (2000 2010) : az source, Annual Economie Report, Treasury (2000-2070) Department of Statistics, Malaysia Note: 1.For 2009, the figure was basod on the Prime Minister’ statement and Bank Negara Media Statements. 2.2010 Figure was reviewed based on the latest statement by the Prime Minister on new target for Malaysia GOP growth rate (efor inal 2.53% to 5.8% [an erage of 8% and 6% target). 2.1.4.2 GDP Performance by Mejor Economic Activities 2000 - 2010 Table 2.2 shows Malaysia GDP performances by major economic sectors between 2000 and 2010. The 2010 figures are the Treasury estimates as reported in the 2008/2010 Economic Reports and the 2008/2010 National Budget. ‘Geren b 6a HROPAALoleKedonGata ee8Oemmphy aoeBIB Feview of the National Weter Resources (2000 - 2050) and Formulation of National Watar Resources Policy ‘= Volume 8 Kedah, Final Report, August 2011 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY ~ Rashill Consulting Sén Bhd ~ Table 2.2 - Economic Performance 2000 - 2010 - GDP Malaysia Value nat constant 2000 prices faceted 2008 moi Ana Sectors RM bil % RM bil % RM bil % (%) Agriculture 0.6 86 377 79 39.8 74 26 Minne &auanymg | ere | 108 | eo | ea | ae [re [14 Manufacturing i100 | we | ra | soe | tors [257 | 22 Construction 40 [29 | wo | ot | vo7 | a1 | 18 sevice, rr ec uals wo7_[ 3 [| ws | at | ws | 20 | 38 Wioessearaat | 400 | 12 | see | 15 | ror | 132 |_s0 Accommodation’ | go | 22 | so7 | a2 | tes | 26 | sa Traneren and Gorge | 100 | se | ea | a7 | moo [ar | ae Commarea vo [at [wa | a7 | 0 [es | 76 Fiance &insuance | e2e [2 | 40 | 102 | ear [ure] or Redésiot | ser | aa | zr | ae | aes | 53 | on Cher Senices| ua |e | #2 |e | wa [ea | as Govemmentsevies |_a28 | 68 | sa | 7 | wo [77 | e2 Miseolneous me [32 [us | 2s | oa [as | 4 Undsrbueariom) | _iz3 [ae | tea | se | 198 | 26 | oa Tor Outs 6 sep ie [ss [ta [ea | 12 | 0a TOTAL sea [too [ ares | 100 | was0 | 100 | a2 Saat Ra Ta Repay ETT Note: 2. Depariment of Statistics, Malaysia (or 2000 and 2006) FISIM= Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured @ Agriculture The agriculture sector continues to record deciining average annual growth rate (AAGR) of 2.6% between 2000 and 2010. it contribution to the GDP also continues a declining trend from 8.6% in 2000 to 7.4% in 2010. In 1990, this sector contribution was much higher at 16.3%. ‘The mein agriculture activity contributor to the GDP" is palm cil. This sector contribution accounts for 32% of the agriculture sector contribution to GDP. In 2009, oll palm was greatly affected by the significant drop in production due to low yield although palm oil price remain stable. The contribution of rubber remains low, dropped from 5.6% in 2008 to 4% in 2009 due to continued deciine in price. Whilst planted land area for palm oil record an increase, land area for rubber has reduced significantly to 4.237 million hectares from almost 1.6 million hectares in 1990, Planted land area for palm oll in 2009 was 4.575 million hectares compared to 0.8 million in 1990. ‘Based on 2009 performance "Gar 2 NARSENALWA KesanEaRa-ESoDonapY coe 2-2Review ofthe National Water Resources (2000 - 2080) and Formulation of National Water Resources Palicy = Volume & Kedsh, Final Report, August 2011 ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY’ ~ Ranhill Consulting Sn Bhd ~ (ii) «wa Forestry contribution is also significant, contributing about 17% to the agriculture sector, However, this sector records a decline over the last 2 years; 5.6% in 2008 and 14.3% in 2009. Fisheries contribution accounts for ‘about 18% in 2009 compared to 16% in 2008, Two significant factors ere Increased landing (marine produces) and aquaculture produces. Other agriculture produces include paddy, vegetable, commercial fruits, tea, flowers and tobacco, Mining and Quarry ‘This subsector records a low average annual growth at only 1% between 2000 and 2010. Its contribution to the GDP also drops from 10.6% in 2000 to 8.8% in 2006 and 7.8% in 2010. The main contributor is olt and gas. Two factors that affect this sector is lower production due to lower demand by major Importers and generally low average market price. The impact of the price hike in 2006 and 2007 did not generate significant impact on outout due to reduced demand. In fact even the consumption of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by USA, China and India increased significantly, the price drops to its lowest of the decade to USD31 per barrel in 2008. ‘Manufacturing ‘The Impact of economic slowdown on manufacturing sector is shown by the low average annual growth rate of 2.2% between 2000 and 2010. This sector ‘was worst hit in 2009 and recorded a huge drop of 12.1% compared to 2008, ‘The sharp decline in performance was due to deterioration in especially export oriented industries. This sector contribution to GDP also recorded significant drop from average 30% to 26.4% in 2008 and 25.7% in 2010. Despite the declining export, Malaysia manufacturing sector does not experience major shift in importance with the contribution of the domestic. oriented industries increase slightly from 45.0% in 2000 to 46% in 2010 (45.8% in 2008) while the export-oriented industries drops from 55% to 54% This indicates Malaysia manufacturing sector's continued dependence on ‘export market and parallel impact on the domestic-oriented industries, ‘Three main manufacturing activities that remain the threshold of the sector are electrical and electronic products and petroleum products on the export- ‘oriented subsector and chemical and chemical products on the domestic- oriented subsector. The three contribute about 57% of total manufacturing ‘output. Other export oriented industries include textile, apparel and foot ware, wood and wood produets, rubber products, machinery and equipment and medical, optical and scientific equipment. On the domestic-oriented industries, the activities include plastics product, food product, transport ‘equipment, off-estate processing and fabricated metal products. ‘Wigan 6082 NHRSINALWoLE Wess EeotDenoarghy dor 2-3REE Review ofthe National Wator Resources (2000 - 2050) ane Formulation of National Water Resources Policy PARAM ~ Volume 8 Kedah, Final Repor, August 2017 ECONOMICS ANS DEMOGRAPHY. = Ranhill Consulting Sdn Bhd ~ (iv) w) Impact of manufacturing dependence on export market is having a toll on Malaysia manufacturing sector. Cheap labor elsewhere is making production cost in Malaysia more expensive. Option for cheap labor to high productivity is due to the fact that cost of initial investment on high productivity operation is relatively higher when retumn is on fong term. Thailand has become more attractive since labor is not only cheap but productivity in manufacturing is considered as relatively at par to Malaysia. Similarly, in certain industries such 2s electronic, Malaysia does not hold advantage to India. Construction ‘The construction sector is among the economic activities badly hurt by economic slowdown, This sector recorded a relatively low average growth rate of 1.8% for this decade. Between 2004 and 2006, this sector record negative growth for 3 consecutive years. Only after this the construction sector managed to improve slightly with significant growth rate of 4.7% in 2007..To assist this sector, the Government exercises two stimulus packages in 2008 and 2009 and subsequently this sector manage to record annual growth exceeding 3% for 2009 and 2010. The Government spent more than RM 14 billion in 2009 to implement 84,730 projects that include low and medium-cost housing, public sector building and roads. Construction sector performance is parallel to economic development. This sector performance between 1990 and 1997 was at its peak when the Malaysian economy was at its peak. And the construction sector always need public sector stimulus when the economy slows over more than 2 years while recovery takes a longer period. Services Malaysia is experiencing @ shit in economic dependence from agriculture to manufacturing and now to services sector. Between 2000 and 2010, the services sector saw a significant increase in its contribution to Malaysia GDP; from 49.3% to 57.3%. This shift in economic sector performance is in line with the general trend that developed countries economic structure Is largely dependent on services sector’. Since Malaysia is heading toward a developed nation by 2020, the probability is Malaysia economy will further shift to higher contribution of the services sector, current target Is 62.5% of national GDP. This element has to be given a thought by the consultant when projecting future water demand/consumption due to the different population equivalent for manufacturing and services activities. ‘The wholesale and retail subsector accounts for 23% of the services sector total and is the largest contributor to the GDP among the services sector activity. Its contribution to national GDP in 2010 is 13.5% in 2010 compared 2 ‘This is the general assumption by the respective head of states in Malaysia through various reports by their ‘consultants on Develop Stale status. Refer to reports on Selangor Maju 2008 and Melaka Malu 2010. This is also highlight as « precondition for Malaysia Maju 2020 ‘ican 508 WRDFINALOLBKacanE EcotDErO =P oe 2-4~ Volume 8 Kedah, Final Report, August 2011 EERTERE Review ofthe National Water Resources (2000 - 2060) and Formulation of National Weter Resources Pokey EEE ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY ‘~ Ranhill Consulting Sdn Bhs ~ to 11.2% in 2000. This sector records a higher than national average AAGR of 5.9% between 2000 and 2001. The main contributor of this subsector is consumption goods. ‘The finance and insurance subsector is the second highest contributor to the services sector with 20.0%. This sector contribution to the national GDP is 14.8%. This subsector expanded at a relatively high annual growth rate of 6.7% between 2000 and 2010; the second highest growth rate among the economic activities. The growth is supported by steady financing activities for consumer credit, business investment and loans to small and medium entrepreneurs. ‘The Accommodation and Restaurant subsector indicates the support for tourism activities in Malaysia. The value added of this subsector accounts for only 2.6% of total GDP. Nevertheless this does not reflect the scope of Malaysia tourism industry since this industry runs across other subsectors; retail, transport, communication and other services. This sector nas expanded by 6.4% between 2000 and 2010 which is quite consistent to the ‘growth of the tourism industry within the decade. Performance of the Government Services subsector also expanded higher than the national average. This sector record an AAGR of 6.2% and its contribution to national GDP also increased from 6.3% to 7.8%. This nevertheless does not speak well on the privatization Impact of Government services. However, this element is also an indicator on the future institutions demand for water. 24.2 Growth Corridors - Northern Corridors Economic Region (NCER) The NCER development plan, which encompasses the states of Kedah, Perak, Perlis and Penang, vision is to achieve a world-class economic region by the year 2025. It aims to become a sustainable economic region empowered by a population living a balanced lifestyle with @ holistic approach to business.The rationale behind NCER was to increase the competitiveness level of the country in order to facilitate improvement in the standard of living of the nation. The NCER contributes to over a third of Malaysia's manufacturing exports. One of the strategies of the NCER blueprint is to see that the region becomes the high-tech electronic hub of the region. expanding from the currently predominant assemblies and test activities to higher value-added activities. ‘One of the Northern Corridor's initiatives is to make Malaysia the centre of excellence (CoE) for certain specialisations in the Electricals & Electronics (E&E) sector including: © Silicon Design © Automation Design ‘nce Ge MARE RIALNGL 9 KacanE Ceabenopaaly ae 2-68