63 TIPS TIP 01 | Linear Function Page 008 TIP 02 | Rate of Change Page 012 TIP 03 | Parallel and Perpendicular Lines TIP 04 | Midpoint and Distance between Two Points Page 015 TIP 05 | System of Linear Equations Page 016 TIP 06 | Area enclosed by Lines Page 018 TIP 07 | Line Reflection Page 019 TIP 08 | Quadratic Function Page 020 TIP 09 | System of Linear and Quadratic Equations Page 022 TIP 10 | System of Linear Inequalities Page 023 TIP 11__| System of Linear and Quadratic Inequalities Page 025 TIP 12 | Area enclosed by Curves Page 026 TIP 13 | Domain and Range Page 027 TIP 14. | Composition of Function Page 028 TIP 15 | Function Undefined Page 029 TIP 16 | Identical Equation Page 030 TIP 17 | Even and Odd Functions Page 031 TIP 48 | Factoring TIP 19 | Direct Variation (Direct Proportion) Page 033 TIP 20 | Inverse Variation Page 034 TIP 21 | Sum and Product of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation Page 035 TIP 22 | Remainder Theorem Page 036 TIP 23 | Factor Theorem Page 037 TIP 24 | Circle in the xy-plane Page 038 TIP 25 | Average Speed TIP 26 | Percentage Page 040 TIP 27 | Ratios and Proportion Page 041TIP 28 _| Ratios in Similar Figures Page 42 TIP 29, Percent of a Solution (Mixture) Page 44 TIP 30 _| Exponents Page 45 TIP 31 _| Exponential Growth and Decay Factor TIP 32 _| Defined Operations TIP 33 | Functions as Models TIP 34 _| Combined Rate of Work TIP 35 _| Combined Range of Two Intervals Page 50 TIP 36 _| Absolute Value Page 31 TIP 37 _| Parallel Lines with Transversal Page 33 TIP 38 | Triangle Inequality Page 54 TIP 39 | Ratio of arcas of Triangles with the same height Page 55 TIP 40 _| Special Right Triangle Page 56 TIP 41_| Proportions ina Right Triangle Page 57 TIP 42_| Pythagorean Theorem Page 38 TIP 43 _| Transformation Page 59 TIP 44 _| Classifying a Group in two different ways Page 0 TIP 45_| Discriminant TIP 46 | Handshakes TIP 47 _| Consecutive integers TIP 48 | Complex Numbers TIP 49 _| Circles TIP 50 | Trigonometric Function and Cofunction Page 68 TIP 51 _| Asympiote Page TIP 52_| Probability Page 70 TIP 53 _| Geometric Probability Page 72 TIP 54 | Data Interpretation Page 73 Tip 55 | Box-and-Whisker Plot Page 75 Tip 56 _| Linear Correlation Coefficient Page 76 Tip 57 _| Scatter Plot and a Line of best fit Page 77 Tip 58 | Standard Deviation Page 78 Tip 59 _| Two-way frequency table Page 79 Tip 60 | Two-way relative frequency table Page 81 Tip 61 _| Statistical Study and Sample Technics Tip 62 | Confidence Interval and Margin of Error Tip 63 | SolidLinear Function line, Such a function can be written as 1) Slope-intercept form J (x)=mx-+b, where mis the slope and b is the intercept. 2) Point-slope form y~y; =m(x~ xj), where (x,y) isthe known point on the line 3) General form axt+by+e=0 4) Standard form ax+by=e The slope between any two points on the line is constant, Fs) 105). Fy maa F(%)o = F(5)] ax x 7 Sy (03) ‘The functions are called “linear” because they are precisely the functions whose graph in the xp-plane is a straight Note: Notation of a point: 1) x and coordinates: P(x, y) 2) Pox fe) )/@)=) Example: f(-3)=5 means a point(-3, 5). SAT Practice 1. Fora linear funetion f, /(0)=2 and (3)=5. If k= (5), what is the value of k? AyS B)6 O7 2 Ds f a+b? A) 24 B) 36 ©) 48 D) 60 £0) 12 b ‘The table above shows some values for the function If f isa linear function, what is the value of3. Alinear function is given by arr+-by-+e=0 and a > 0, b<0, and c > 0. Which of the following graphs best represents the graph of the function? a) y B) y oO + “ o j D) i 7 ‘ 4. Lf f isalinear function and f(3)=2 and ’ J(S)=6, what isthe y-intercept of the graph of f? 03) Aya B) 2 © 2 Qe (5.0 pb) 4 ) 6, The graph ofa fimetion / is shown in the 2y-plane above. If b=2a, what is the value of a’? 1s 16 yi pi gk ya 2 4 3 15 5. If f isalinear function and (()=-2 and {(4)=-4 , what is the x-interwept of the graph off? Ay3 B) 25 c2 Do Dr. John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tipsp(s) 7. ‘The table above shows some values ofthe linear ° function f° for selected values of x. Which of the following represents the function J”? one f 10, Inthe ay-plane above, a circle is tangent to line A) fo)= 4, the x-axis, and the y-axis. If the radius ofthe B) f(s) circle is, what is the value of #? ©) fx) =442e an? B)8 O° D) 10 con 1. iff isatinear function and (3) =6 and 2 f(5)=12, what isthe slope of the graph of f? 8, Fahrenheit (F) and Celsius (C) are related by the ‘equation above. If Fahrenheit temperature increased Ay2 ‘by 27 degrces, what is the degree inercase in Celsius? BI o4 A) 15 DS B) 20 on » D) 81 : P(2,2) 9, Inthe formula P= 2K +60, if P isincreased by 35, x . 0 10 what is the increase in K’? A) 35 B) 60 © 80 D) 140 12, Inthe xy-plane above, line £ passes through point P and has a slope of —1, What isthe x-intercept of line £2 A) (4.0) B)(5.0) €(6,0) D)(7, 0)13, The table above shows values ofthe linear function f forsclected values of x. Whatis the value of b? au By) 2 oR bd) 2 x f(x) 3 6 8 b 14. The table above gives values of the linear function f for sclected values of x, What is the value of a+b? A) 8 B) 10 O12 D) 18 15, Inthe xy-plane above, point P(42, m) lies on line & What isthe value of m? Ay 24 2) 30 © 36 Dy a2 Dr John Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tipe 4Rate of change 1) Fora line, the constant rate of change is the slope of the line and the slope is constant no matter what two points you calculated it on the line. 2) Fora curve, the average rate of change is the slope of the secant line that passes through the two points on the curve. ine y Sccant: A line which passes through at two points of a curve, Average rate of change SAT Practice 1, What is the average rate of change of 2, [fan object is dropped from a cliff, then the distance, LU in meters, it has fallen after 1 seconds is given by the f(x)=5x° 4 as x changes from 0 10 4? : . =3 es function ¢ (1) =4.91°, What is its average speed (average rate of change) over the interval between A2 Bs O4 DS and 1=32 A) 4.9 meters per second B) 98 meters per second ©) 19.6 meters per second D) 39.2 meters per second 12Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following information. 1 | We 0 0 2 £40 10 3.5 2 30 20 | 74 3 2 30 | 198 2 40 | 298 B10 a so | 334 0 ! oo | 375 10 20 30 40-50 67080 DAYS 70 | 392 so | 394 A flower plant is measured every day #. The height, 4() inches, ofthe plant can be modeled by a function which is shown in the graph and table above, 3. Find the average rate of change in height from 10t0 | 4, Which of the following intervals has the greatest 70 days? average rate of change? A) From 101020 B) From 20 t0 30 di (©) From 301040 days D) From 40 to SO Dr. Jha Chung's SAT Math 63 TipsParallel and Perpendicular Lines 1. Two lines are parallel ifand only iftheir slopes {2mm} are equal with different intercepts {bs}. 2. Two are perpendicular ifand only if the product of their slopes is ~1. (Negative reciprocal each other) y t y and +b, Lines are perpendicular: m,=-—- of mm Lines are parallel: SAT Practice irequation for the 1, Which of the following is an equation forthe Line Which of the following isa lin 2 through the passing through the point (— 1) tha is parallel to lin that is parallel to 3 +4 2. Which of the following is passing through the point (~4, 1) that is perpendicular to 4x-2y=32 an equation for the line A) y= “4Wie ©=Midpoint and Distance between Two Points ‘The midpoint of a line segment: Each coordinate of the midpoint of line segment is equal to the average of the corresponding coordinates of the endpoints ofthe line segment. Given the two end poin’s (1,94) and (5,93), the coordinates of the midpoint M(x, y) of the line segment are Note: When line segment 48 wit endpoints A(x, y,) and B(%, 9) i vided ito two pats and P ison AB such that AP: PB= a:b then point P is SAT Practice Inthe xy-plane, the midpoint of AB is (10, 4). 1f | 4. Intriangle ABC in the ay-plane, the coordinates of the coordinates of point are (5,1), what are the point 4 are (4,4) and the coordinates of point coordinates of point B? B are (4,4). Ifthe area of AABC is 24, which of following could be the coordinates of point C? A) (5.3) B) (6.4) C) (15,7) 0)(20, 10) the following could be the coordinates of point L a) (3.8) B) (2,10) 2. Ifpoint AZ (5, —3) is the midpoint of the line ©) (2-3) D) (6-4) segment connecting point (2a, ) and point B(b, a), what is the value of a? 8 BIZ C16 D2 5. If the distance between (a3) and (0,8) is 13, what isthe value of Jab? 3. Line segment 4B has endpoints. 4(~6,5) and B(14,10). Tfpoint P ison AB such that A4 BS OD DI6 AP: BP =2:3, what are the coordinates of point ”? A)(4.75) BY(2,7) (6.48) D)(3,6) Dr. JOhn Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 1sSystem of Linear Equations A system of link intersé sar equations means two or more linear equations. If two linear equations intersect, that point of tion is called the solution to the system of equations, 1) The system has exactly one solution. When two lines have different slopes, the system has only one and only one solution. 2) The system has no solution. When two lines are parallel and have different y-intercept, the system has no solution. 3) The system has infinitely many solutions. When two lines are parallel and the lines have the same y~intereept. From the standard form for the system of equations, axthy=e and axthy =e, nit One solution air No solution ai Infinitely many solutions From the slope-intercept form for the system of equations yemx+h and) myx+by 1) It me my ‘One solution 2) msm, and heb, No solution’ 3) imam, and b=, Tafinitely many solutions SAT Practice Athy ax+by=6 1. Forwhich of the following values of &, will | 2, the system of equations above have no solution? In the system of equations above, «and b are constants, Ifthe system has in what is the value of a+? nitely many solutions, Alo 5 5 D)-10 AG BA OO D)-4 16Bxthy=3 av-4y=6 In the system of equations above, @ and b are constants. For which of the following values of {a, will the system have no solution? A) {22} By {hl} © (21) b) {3-4} ar+3y=6 (a-1)x+(a-1)y In the system of equations above, a is a constant. If the system has no solution, what is the value of a’? A Bl o3 ps ‘The cost of long distance telephone call is determined by a basic fixed charge for the first 5 minutes and a fixed charge for each additional minute, Ifa 15- ‘minute call costs $3.50 and a 20-minute call costs $4.75, what is the total cost, in dollars, of a 40-minute call? A) 825 -B)950€)9.75—_D) 10.25 ‘The tickets for a movie cost $8.00 for adults and $5.00 for children. If the total of 200 tickets were sold and, the total amount of $1360 was collected, how many adult tickets were sold? Dr. John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 7Wiig Area enclosed by Lines In order to find the area enclosed by line: 1) x-intercept, y-intercept, 2) Points of intersection of the lines, mostly we need to find SAT Practice 1. The graph of y= mx-+4 is shown in the sy-plane above. ithe area of triangle PORis 6, what is the value of m? g(x) =x +8 The graphs of the functions and g are shown in the a»-plane above, What is the area of ARS: ? A) 25 3 4 3 B) 50 a2 BS O-} Os D) 100 m, a R(2,6) 2. Inthe x»plane above, line m and line / are perpendicular and intersect at point (2,6). What isthe area of triangle POR? A) 18 B) 24 OR D) 36 8Line Reflection When we look in the mirror, we ean see the reflection, Mathematically, the image of figures by reflecting overa given line are created as follows. Refleciing across the xanis: P(x y)>P (xy) | Reflectingacrossthe y=—x: P(x, y) +P (-¥,-3) Reflecting across the y-axis: P(x») P(x x) | Reflectingacrossthe origin: P(x, y) > P(-x.-y) Reflecting across the y=x: P(x, y) >P(y,x) SAT Practice 1. Inthe ap-plane, line ¢ is the reflection of line m Ifthe graph of 2x—3y =6 is reflected across the across the ans, the equnion of line mis sani, which ofthe flowing eres the 6, thats the lope offing £2 equation athe ected sap? A) 2e4y=-6 By Deep =6 ©) 2r-3y=-6 DY 2-326 L YS B= oO D)5 L 2. Inthe a-plane, line / is the reflection of line m across the J-AXi8. If these two lines intersect at point (4.6), which of the following must be true? Aja=-2 B)a=0 C)a=2 Dj ax Dr John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 19Pie Quadratic Function In algebra, a quadratic function isa polynomial function in which the highest degree term is of the second degre Fann Axis of Symmetry Vertex 1) Standard form: f(x)=ar? +he+e (a0) 0 and y=ae +hy+e =a +hx+e 2) <0 and b Feertex(h, k) Axis of symmetry = vertex (hi, ke) Axis of symmetry = -- orSAT Practice Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following information. = 2560-160" AA ball is thrown straight up from the ground with an initial velocity of 256 feet per second. The equation, above describes the height the ball can reach in ¢ seconds. 1, If the ball reaches its maximum height in & seconds, what is the value of &? § The graph of y =ax" + hx-+e is shown in the zy-plane above, where a, b, and © are constants As ‘ine Bik B) 12 Which ofthe following must be tre’ ©) 6 5 4 La0 UL c>0 A) Lonly B) Land ll only 2. What is the maximum height, in feet, that the ball ©) Land Uonly —D) LM and Ut will reach? A) 370 B) 384 ) 1024 D) 1200 2)(x=10) fix)=a(x—hy +k Ifthe function f above has a vertex at point 6 The function f° is defined by the equation above, (4K) in the xp-plane, what is the value of &? A) -36 B) -18 oo D) I8 3x? = 6x +10 Which of the following is equivalent to the equation above? Dr. John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips where a, f, and & areconstants, If a and & are negative, which of the following CANNOT be tmic? A) s6)<0 B) f-5)<0 ©) s)=k D) {=k 2System of Linear and Quadratic Equations Asystem of linear and quadratic equations can be solved 1) Algebraically 2) Graphically Example: Example: +l 2 sea y Solve the system of equations above algebraically, Solution) Sx+7=2x41 > x7-7x4+6=0 > (x-1)(x-6)=0 Therefore, x =1, x= 6 Atx=h y=2(l)+1 Atx=6, y=2(6)+1=13 ~+ (1,3), (6,13) SAT Practice 2. How many solut equations abov do the system of A)O BY (C)2__D) Infinitely many Inthe x0-plane above, the graphs of 4x45 and y +1 intersect at points B and C, Whatis the area of quadrilateral ABCD?System of Linear Inequalities The Example 1 yoxtd xtys4 Graph the solution of the system of inequalities above, Solution) raph of the solution ofa system of linear inequalities is the shaded region of the plane containing all points that are common solutions of the inequalities in the system. Example 2 yrs In the xp of inequalities above, what is the maximum possible value of b? if (4,b) isa solution to the system Solution) y y=2x43 P(a,b) At point P ,ithas a maximum value of b. Find the intersection of the graphs x46 9 3r=3 > x=l > P( Therefore, the maximum value of is 5 Dr. Jofin Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 23SAT Practice ities describes the shaded region of the graph? 1. Which o the Following ineg pery<0 [reaycd " foes (pores redys4 2. Inthe spplang if (ad) is a solution tothe sytem 24 ‘of inequalities above, what is the maximum possible value of a? 4 3 A‘) Bo OF dD 4System of Linear and Quadratic Inequalities pox? pSxt6 Forthe system of lincar and quadratic inequalities above, the solution is the shaded area between the parabola y= x7 and theliney=x+6. In the ay-plane, if (4,5) is a solution to the system af equations above, what is the maximum possible value of 6? Solution) We can sce the maximum value of b at point P . Now solve the system of equations. =0 > (x-a)(x42)}=0 > ¥=3,-2 ALx=3,y=346=9, Therefore, the menximum of b=9. Pext6 > Pax SAT Praetice 1. Inthe ap-plane, if (a, 6) is asolutionto the system of inequalities above, what is the maximum possible valucof b? Aol B) 4 o8 D9 Dr.John Grung’s SAT Math 63 Tips 25Inorder to find the area enclosed by curves, mostly we need to find x-intercept, y-intercept, and points of intersection of curves. SAT Practice 1. The graph of y=-x7 +4 is shown in the xy-plane above, where & is aconstant, Ifthe area of APOR is 64, what is the value of &? 2. The graphs of y=." and 32 are shown in the xy-pline sbove. What is the area of rectangle ABCD? 3. The graphof y=—x" +4x+5 is shown in the -srplane above, What is thearea of rectangle OPOR? 4. Thegopieo® y= !e(c-2}and y= be arson inthe ay-plane above. What isthe area of right triangle OPQ? A) 18 B) 1S o9 D) 6Mieke Domain and Range ‘The domain of a given function is the complete set of “input” values for which the function is defined. In the ay-plane , the domain is represented on the x-axis (or abscissa). Note: 1)"The denominator ofa finction CANNOT be zera. 2) The number inside a square root sign must be positive oF zero ‘The range ofa function isthe set afall “ouput” values produced by that fimetion. In the xy-plane, the range is represented on the y-axis (or ordinate). Example: , Domain: x20 Range: y>0 SAT Practice ras 2. Which ofthe fellowing represents the range of the 1. Inthe finetion above, which of the following function f above? represents its domain? S(x)= A) y20 Ay x20 B) y22 B) x73 © p22 ©) x23 D) yp2-S D) x>Oand x23 Dr. John Chune's SAT Math 63 Tips a7Composition of Function ‘Composition of functions is applying ane function tothe resultof the frst function. (Combining functions} The result of f(x) is sent through g{ ). The composition is written in the form a(f@)) o (ge f)(x) Example | Giventthe functions f(x) =3x and g(x)=x-4, then g(/))= x3 x=9 5 $$} (B)=33=9 LoD 45 |i— (gef)@)=3x-4. >» (gef)@)=3x3-4=5 Example 2: For the given functions /(x)=3r—4 and g(x)=2/(x)+3, if g(4)=0, what is the valuc of k? Since g(x)=2(3v-4)+3=6x-S, g(k)=6k-s-0 > & = SAT Practice The functions f and g are defined by f(=5e43 |p = f(x) and g(3)=3/()-K. If g(2)=25, what is the value of k? A)I8 B)14 C)I2—D) 10 fQ)=ar+b 8@)=2f0)-3 2. Inthe fimetions f and g shove, if g(I)=3 and g(3)=5, what is the value of b? 3. The graph of y= f(2) is shown in the xy-plane above: for -3S.x£7. The function g is defined by jt pi of pi aQ)-V0)~ 2 2 2 2 Forhow many values of & ae there such that g(k) =8? A) One B)Two ©) Thre D)Four 28Function Undefined ‘A rational function is a quoticnt of polynomials in which the denominator is not identically 0. Rational function R(x) = PO) here Q(x) #0 Q(x) If O(x)=0, R isundefined. Example 1 Example 2 a(e—3) 12 For what value of » is the fiction f above undefined? For what value of 7 isthe function g above undefined? Sol) Let _X Solution) If x +2—2=0, g is undefined, ¥ tx-2=(x42)(2- ‘Therefore, g is undefined at x=—2, x=1 Wf Q(X) = 4? 4X12 =0, he isundefined X? 4X -12=(¥-6)(¥+2)=0 + 2 ‘Therefore, i is undefinedat x=9 and Remember: Do not cross out the common fietors, Le-Fiu+t) be-H (+2) 6 or-2 SAT Practice xl *O-Ea-eGaps 1. For what value of x is the function f above undefined? ¥—avth 2. For x=! and x=3, the function fis undefined, Which of the following is the value of ? Aya B) -3 Oo. pa Dr John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 29ivi Identical Equation ‘The two expressions, left hand side and right-hand side, are always equal forall values we give to the variable. The ‘equations that are true for all values oF the variable are called identical equations. 1) $x-10=0 is an algcbraic equation because the equation is ruc only for x =2 2) Sx-10) cal equation because the equation is true forall values of 2 ‘+ The equation has infinitely many solutions. The expressions ofboth sides must be equal 10 isan Example 1: Example 2: Te2e+5wax+ focall values of 2, whet are It ax? +dx+e=0 iste forall values of x, values of a and b? whatare the values of a, b, and c? Solution) The expressions are equal. foe? a=2and b=5 Solution) Since ax? +br-+c=(O)a*+(0)x+0, @=0,6=0,and e=0 SAT Practice 1. If x(k—2)=0 forall values of x, what is the value (ke1)x+S=acek of k? 3. Inthe equation above, & and a are constants. Ifthe 2 3 equation above is rue forall values of x, what isthe O4 value of a? D) 6 a6 Bs Q2 Do xel)+i(x-l)=204 2. [fax +hr-te=0 forall values of x, what is the value of a+b +e? In the cquation above, a and & are constants, Ifthe a1 equation above is rue forall values of sx, what isthe 2 value of a? 1D) Itcamnet be determined from the information given. rr B)2 03 D4Even and Odd Functions Even function: ‘The graph ofan even function is symmetric with respect to the y-axis A function is even if f(x) =f(-x). Odd function: ‘The graph ofan odkl function is symmetric with respect to the origin. A function is odd if f(x)=-f( SAT Practice 1. Which of the following is an oda function? 2. Which of the following graphs is an even function? A ‘ B) + ° A D) + i +x ~ or a x 7 oe Dr. John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips. 34Factoring is to write an expression as a product of factors. 1) +2ab+6 = (a+b) 4) a? -2a-3=(a-3)(a+1) 2ab +b? =(a—b) 5) 64° +a+1=(3a-1) (2241) 602 4a~1) =2(3a-+1)(2a-1) 3) a? = =(a+b)(a-b) 6) 12a? +2a~ Cary factoring SAT Practice 1. If (23)(24+3)=a, then (2x—6)(x+3)= A) la B) a ©) 4a D) 6a g(xjated 3. The grophs of te functions f and gy are shown in the 2xy-plane above, What isthe area of AABC? Aj is B) 12 Qo D6 24, where x and y are postive integers 2. Which of the following is equivalent to (--4) aay | te n (x>.y), whats one possible valueof x? 32ect Proportion) Geometric interpretati kx is a special linear equation, where the y-intercept is (0, 0). In the x9-plane, & is the slope of the graph. ariables are said to be in direct variation, SAT Practice 1. The value of varies directly proportional to the value of x. If y=15 when x=5, what is the value of y when x=125? 2 A group of workers can harvest all the grapes from LO square meters of a vineyard in 20 minutes. At this rate, how many minutes will the group need to harvest all the grapes fram 300 square meters of this vineyard? A)60 B) 200 400d) 600 3. To make an orange dyc, 5 parts of red dye arc mixed with 3 parts of yellow dye. To make a green dye, 4 parts of bluc dye are mixed with 2 parts of yellow dye, [fequal amount of green and orange dye are mixed, what fraction of the new mixture is yellow dye? \ u yt pig 24 2 B iE A 5 c D iF 4. Inthe figure above, AABC is similar to ADEF. What isthe kngthof DF? 82 90 25 j6 pk g® py ) BS OG 5 x y 1 a a Sa 5. Inthe table above, 9 is directly proportional and a0. Which of the following is the value of a? Ao Bl OS DIO 6. If y is directly proportional to x, which of the following could represent the graph of y = f(x)? a) y By °) » ¥ ox Dr. John Ghung’s SAT Math 63 Tips mx mx 337. If y isdirectly proportional to x which of the following could be the gmph of y= f(x)? BH» 4 0? yp 2 Inverse Variation When two variables are related in such a way that ay'=A, the two variables are said to be in inverse variation, Properties: 1) The values of two va decreases. 2) The product & is unchanged. Inthe 2y-plane, the graph of + 1 k>0 y A) jables change in an opposite way, that is, as one variable increases, the other (x) is as follows. SAT Practice 1. The cost of hiring a bus for a trip to Niagara Falls is $400, 1f25 people go on the trip, what is the cost per 71>] person in dallars? 2 [25 4[a@ 2. If four typists can complete the typing ofa 5 [10 manuscript in 9 days, how long would it take 12 tl. typists to complete the manuscript? 4. Inthe table above, y varies inversely as x. What is the A) 3days B) 4days C) Says D) 10 days ? y valucof a+b? A) 16 BYI8 ©) 18.75) 2025 3. Hamancan drive from his home to Albany in 5 hours at 45 miles per hour, how would it take him if he drove at 50 miles per hour? A) 4 hours B) 4 hours 30 minutes ©) 5 hours D) 5 hours 30 minutes5. Ifa jab can be completed by 2 people in 10 days, | 7. A certain job ean be completed by p persons in then how many people, working at the same rate, are nurs, How long i take 11 persons, working at mel rent one pen samen hours. How lang would ittake 21 persons, working at the same rate, ta complete the same job? Al B2 O38 Da im ay By co p) m2 > ip 1m ih The length ofa rectangle varies inversely withthe | R IFS people take days install the plumbing fora ‘wih, Leshe length fs 10 when the wath {5.20, what house, then how many days would it take 2 people to js the length when the with is 40? complete one third ofthe same job? (Assume the ople work atthe same rate )2 BS OW D2» peop > id sd sd a at py Mg SH pt »e nt of » 2 14 Sum and Product of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation and product ofthe roots= ©, For aquackatic equation aX? ++h-+¢=0, sum of the roots b+ vb? —4ac and x bt Fac booe Ax4£=0. Ifa and 2 are the roots of the equation, then aa =0 + t-(a+f)x+ap=0. 2,6 2 Since x? +ereEno and x -(a+ A)x-+af=0 areequivalent. Therefore, a Suma+p=—> ond product: af =~. SAT Practice 1. Ifone of roots of a quadratic cquation 2x°+x-k=0 | 2. Ifthe rootsof the equation x° +4x-12=0 are is 1, what isthe other root ofthe equation? 1 and A, whotis the value of ap » Re 2 wie 1 1 L 3 NS BT OF DS Dr. John Chung SAT Math 63 Tips 35Remainder Theorem When polynomial f(x) is divided by (xa), theremsinger Ris eualto. f(a). Polynomial f(x) can be expressed as follows, F(3)=(x—a)O)+R,, where OCs) isthe quotient and isthe remainder “The identical equation above is tre forall values of x, especially x= a. Therefore, f(a) =(a—a) O{a)+R > f(a)=R. Examples: 1) Interpretation of f(2)=$ > Theremainder is Swhen f(2) is divided by (1-2) 2) Interpretaionof f(-5)=—3 > Thererminderis ~3 when (x) ix dvidedby (x+). SAT Practice 1. When f(x) =17-43r-44 isdividedby x-3,the | 3+ Findthe value of k for which the remainder is zero reminder 25. What the value of &? when 2 =x" tbk is dividedby (9-1)? 2 Whatisthe remainder when x’ =x” -3x—1 isdivided by (x43)? A)36 BY -28 4Hls Factor Theorem i f(a F0)=(3-2) 0} ‘Therefore, f (a) =0 means that the remainder is 0. 0, then f(x) has factorof (2). f(x) canbecxpressed witha factorof (1°~a) os fllows SAT Practice 1. If (x—3) isa factor of x° —4x+4, whatis the value | 3, What isthe value of & when P(x)=2? Sx? —x4k of the constant &? A)-I5 By -10 G10 1S is divisible by x41? A) -5 B) 2 2 Ds 2. Ifapolynomial P(x) =x" +4r-8 has a factor of (x-2), what is the value of &? Dr John Chung’s SAT Math 3 Tips What is the valuc of @ when g(: divisible by (x—1)(x—2)? A)? B) -4 o4 Dd) 8 a7Circles in the xy-plane A circle is the locus of points equid ‘The standard equation of a circle whose center is at the point (/, k) is (xh) +(p-k)? = from a given point known as the center. where is the radius. SAT Practice 1. What isthe area ofthe circle whose equation is 4xty? +2y=11? A) liz B) It C) l6r_—D) 25a 2. What is the circumference of a circle whose equation is, 4 ¥ ty —6y=16? A102 B) 202 C) 307 D) 407 ‘The graph ofa semicircle is chow inthe xy-plane above. Which ofthe following are the x-coonlinates of two points on this semicircle whose y-coordinates are cual? A) Oand? B) Land6 C) LandS D) 2and3 P(k,0) 3 Inthe xy-plane above, AB is thediameter of the circle and parallel tothe x-axis, What isthe value of &? 38 P(4,7) 2 (0 Inthe 2y-plane above, the semicircle has a maximums at point P. Whatare the coordinates of point Q°? 3,0) 2,0) 1, A) (40) B) (+ 9 Dy (-1.0)Mihm Average Speed Average speed is the total distance divided by the total time taken, Total distance travelled Averages FP Ta ime taken Example: Peter travelled fom city A to city B at 60 miles per hour, and then he travelled back along the same route at 40. miles perhour, What ishis average speed forthe entire trip? Solution) De distance between city A and city B D ‘oval distance= 2D and Total time tken= +55 =755= 55 2D z 24 ‘Therefore, average spect i8mph nse any conveniw! number for D. 20 20 WE D=120, then == 2 and = Total distance _120+120 Toultime 243 ‘Therefore, average spect 8mph SAT Practice 1. Jason travelled from city 4 to city B in4 hours. For | 3, Jackson drove a car from Amherst to Boston at the the frst hour, he drove atn constant speed af $0 ‘constant sped af 60 miles per hour. On the way back miles per hour. Then he increased his speed and kept | along the same route, he drives at a constant speed of iat 60 miles per hour forthe next 3 hours. What is 40 miles per hour. Ifhe taok 6 hours forthe entire his average speed, miles per hour, forthe trip? trip, what is the distance, in miles, from Amherst to Boston? A) 555 B) 56 A) 120 ©) 525 B) 144 D) 38 ©) 160 D) 240 2. Claire travelled from city C to city D. The First half ‘of the way, she drove at the constant speed of 40 tiles per hour. Then she inercased her speed and travelled the remaining distance at 50 miles per hour. What is her average speed, miles per hour, forthe trip? 4 2 1 aywi py 442 cas D) ast ye ) 45 0) ) 455 Dr. John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tias 39Percentage 40 2m? A) 80 B) 60 c) 90 D) 40 . Amount of increase Amount of decrease © % of increase=—————_——_—x 100. © % of decrease=—>——__—__—» 100 Original umount Criginal amount SAT Practice 1. If 20% of 30% of a positive number is equal to | 8. The cost ofan automobile increases each by its ot 446 cof she some namshen wlartettec 2.5%, and the cost this year is $20,000. Ifthe cost vawot Et of the automobile is given by C(n)=20,000%" , what isthe value of x? A809 B60) C40) 20 A) 125 B) 1.025 ©) 025 D) 0.025 2. ‘The price of'a music CD was fist increased by | 6. Tom's weekly salary was increased from $500 to 15 % and then the new price was decreased by $1,000 this week. By what percent was his salary 30%, Which ofthe following is rue about the increased? price afler these two changes? A) 50% A) The price decreases by 15%. B) 100% B) The price decreases by 19.5% ©) 200% C) The price decreases by 35% D) 400% D) The price decreases by 45%. 3. If 2a43b is equal to 250 percent of 6b, what is | 7. Ifthe price ofa stock rises by 6 percent one day a falls $ perecnt next day, what was the change in the value ot $2 the price of the stock after these two days? 1 A) The price tse by 0.5% A; 93 O58 DS B) The price rase by 0.7% ©) The price rose by 1% D) The price rose by 1.5% 4, 1f25 percent of m is 50, whatis 15 percentof | 8, If @ is25 percent of 26, then B is what percent of a? A) 50% B) 75% ) 100% D) 200%14 Ratios and Proportion Ratio a 8 ‘i A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We ean vite this as 8:12 orasa fraction —., and we say the ratio is eight to bebe. Proportion A proportion isan equation witha ratio on cach side. It is a statement that two ratios are equal. 36 a8 Rate A rote isa ratio that expresses how long it takes to do something, auch as traveling a certain distance, To walk 3 kilometers in one hours to walk at the rate of 3 knw/h. The fraction expressing a rate has units of distance in the numerator and units af time in the denominator. Example 1: Juan runs 4 kin in 30 minutes. At that rate, how far could he run in 45 minutes? isan example of a proportion. Solution) Give the unknown quantity the name », Tn this case, nis the number of km Juan could nin in 4S minutes atthe given mnte, We know that inning 4 kam in 30 minutes is the same as running km in 45 minutes; thos, the mtes ae the 4on same, So we have the proportion =", propo” 30° 45 Finding the cross products and setting them equal, we get 30%n=4x45, or 30n=180. Dividing bath sides by 20, we find that 2 = 190 +30 6 and the answers 6 km, SAT Practice 1. If the cost of a 6-minute telephone call is $1.20, then | at this rate, what is the cost of 15-minute call? 3. 76, what is the value of A) $2.00 B) $3.00 ©) $3.25 Ay? D) $3.75 B)4 os D)I6 2. In years the ratio of Julie's age to Song's age will |4, If a isdivisible by 2, b is divisible by 5, and be 3:5. In 10 years the ratio of Julie’s age to Song’s a7 age will be 2:3. What is the sum of their current Soe pe where @ and are positive mumbers, and ages? a+ <400, what is one possible valuc of a+b? A) Is B) 20 ©) 30 D) 35 Dr. John Ghung's SAT Math 62 Tips 4Ratios in Similar Figures ‘Two polygons are similar if and only if their corresponding angles are congruent and their corresponding sides are in proportion. Remember: Tf the ratio of the corresponding lengths is a:b, then the ratio of the areas is a? :b? and the ratio of the volumes is «5°, SAT Practice 1. Inthe figure above, the ratio of the circumference of circle O ta the circumference of circle P is 23. Ifthe arca of circle O is 20, what is the arca of circle P? B /\ | sl___\Ne xi —T 2. The figure abave shows twa equilateral triangles with aside @ anda side & 1 £5 and the area of 6 AABC is 30, what is the area of ARST? 42 In the figure above, the radius of the larger circle is 5 < times the radius of the smaller circle. Ifthe arca 2 of the smaller circle is 28, what is the area of the shaded region? A) 70 B) 112, ©) 147 D) 175 Inthe figure above, circles P and Q ars tangent ccach other and internally tangent ta the largest circle ‘The ratio of the radius of circle Pto the radius of circle Q is 3:1. 1? the area of the shaded region is 96zr, what is the radius of circle Q? Az B) 4 O 6 ) 8A Q R 5, Inthe figure above, the ratio of the lengths AQ: QR: RC =2:2:3, Ifthe arca of quadrilateral PORS is 48, what is the area af ABC? A) 96 B) 124 ©) 147 D) 192 Dr John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips R Ss 6. Inthe figure above, PO is porallelto RS . The ratio ‘ofthe area of APOM to the area of ASRM is 4:9. 1f the perimeter of APQM is 15, what isthe perimeter of ASRM? A) 2.5 B) 33.75 ©) 35.5 D) 37.5 43Percent of a Solution (Mixture) ‘The percent of a solution is expressed as the percentage of solute over the total amount of solution, % ofa solution is Solute Total amount of solution Or Solute Total amount of solution x100= p% SAT Practice 1. How many gallons of water must be added to 40 gallons of a 10% alcohol salution to produce an 8% alcohol solution? AS BB gow Diz 3. How many quarts of alcobal must be added to 10 quarts of a 25% alcohol solution to produce a 40% alcohol solution? A) 25 quarts D) 1Squarts B)S quarts C) 10 quarts 2. How many gallons of a 20% salt solution must be added to 10 gallons of a 50% salt solution to preduce 30% salt solution? A) S gallons D)20 gallons B)10 gallons C) 15 gallons 4. How many gallons of acid must be aikled to G gallons of A% acid solution to bring it up to an ‘m% solution? B) 100m Gim-k) 100m 100—m Gim=K) 2 D)Exponents ‘The exponent is the number of times the base is used as.a factor. S=base 51 2 = exponent 25 =power ‘The mathematical operations of exponents are as follows. 1) ata" =a" 2 (a")' =a" 3) (ab)" =a"" SAT Practice L 1 {(-2y'(8)'f" =(24)" what ie the positive S. Af k? x2? =27, what is the value of k? value of 1? 1 a2 BOS DT A)6 BT 8 D9 2 1444449449 =2", whatisthe value of 2? | 6. If p and g are positive numbers, p™* 7 =47, what isthe value of pg? A}2 BA C6 DE ' " Al B)2 C3 DA 3. If m and 1 are positiveand San? =20n'n, | 7 Ifa and b are positive integers and ‘what isthe value of min terms of 1 2 eat (aS) 675, what is the valuc of a+b? L : Ny Da OF Do a2 Ba o6 D)8 4. If a and b are positive integers, (ats) =16, and b=a" , which of the following could be the value of @? AO B2 O4 DB Dr. John Chungs SAT Math €3Tias 45Exponential Growth and Decay Factor Inthe exponential model P(n)=2(I-+r)", 1. Growth factoris 147. 2 Growth rate is r (decimal) (€Growth rate of change) Example; In the exponential model =500(1.015) , Find the growth factorand growth rte, Solution) Growth factor is 1.015 and growth rate is.015, (or 1.5%) Tnthe exponential model P(n)=F,(I-r)", 1. Decay factoris Ir 2 Decay mte is (decimal) (© Decay rate of change) ‘Example: In the exponential model A= 500(0.85)', Find the decay factor andl decay mite. Solution) Devay factor is 0,85 and decay rate is 0.15 (or 15%), 4 =S00(1-0.15)' SAT Suppose a certain substance decays at the rate of 0.5% per hour, which of the following best represents the ‘exponential mode!? A) P=100(0.5)' B) P=100(1-0.05)' © P=100(0.95)) D) P=100(0.995)' Practice 3. A certain country in Furope bas a population of 4.5 million people. The population is growing in the exponential model P= 4,800,000 1.007)" , where 1 is in years. What is the growth rate ofthe population? A) 100.7% B) 10.7% oO % D) 07% 2 Which of the following gives the saving Sin anaccount if $500 was invested at an interest rate of 2.5% per year? A) S = 500(2.5)) B) 5 =500(1.25) ©) S = 500+ (1.025) D) S = 500(1.025)' ‘The number of carbon atoms in a certain substance is given by the finetion y = 3120(0.935)', where ¢ represents the number of years since being discovered. What is the percent of change each year? A) 0.65% B) 6.5% ©) 93.5% D)9.35% 46ns Defined Opera ‘The defined operations are mathematical models (symbolic representations/notational systems/sign systems) of certain situations. Example: eck . as Ihc operation A isdefinel by Aa = a whale value of 7 Solution) as=8'=(2)'=2" ma at= ‘Therefore, the answer is as 2 SAT Practice 1. Let the operation ® be defined for all numbers by [3+ Let the operation be defined by nh = na Wn = 2)lt= 3)nne(2)(1) » Where ms Po 3s whats the value of. a positive integer. Which of the following is agb= tt” it po, a-b equivalent to (n+1)*? 1 NF B) | A) at) ° : B) (n+IXn+0" Dj 2 ©) n(n D) (ntti 2. Let the operation A be defined by adb 5 for all positive numbers. If 4a(k46)=3 , what is the value of k? Ad Bs O12 D2 Dr. John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips 47see Functions as Models Functions as Models A function. that a function serve as a simple kind of mathematical model, ora simple piece of a larger model. Remember s usta rule. We can think of the rule (given in our model asa graph, a formula, or a table of values) as a representation of some natural cause and effect relationship. SAT Practice “The total cost ¢, in dollars, of repairing shocs is given 200:—400 by the fimetion efx) = 44% ,where x isthe numberof repairing shoes and & is a constant. [F50 shoes were repaired at a cast of $300, what isthe value of k? A) 100 B) 108 © 126 D) 150 Letthe function mt, average rate of change between and © in the domain of the function, be defined LOL Tp foxy=2°, what isthe value of m between —2 and 3? a2 B) -1 90 D1 The value of a computer decreases cach year by 1.2 percent. This year the price of the computer ‘was $1,200. Ifthe price p of the computer 7 ‘years from now is given by the function p(n) =1,200c", what is the value of ©? A) 0.012 B) 0.88 ©) 0.988 D) 1.012 The present value p ofa certain car that depreciates fora number of years is defined by =e 1-2 plo) { iw the car, 1 is the percent of depreciation per year, and ¢ is the number of years. Ifa person purchases the car for $20,000 and the value of the car depreciates by 10% per year, how much will the value of the car be after three years from the date of purchase? ] > Where & is the initial value of A) $18,000 B) $16,200 ©) $14,580 D) $14,000Combined Rate of Work ‘These problems involve two people (or any machines) working at different rates. The general formula for solving combined work rate work problems are as follows. 1) Work rate=——!__ ‘Time taken Let's assume we have two workers, John and Chris. 1) ohm enn finisha job in or hours when working alone. 2) Chris can finish a job in hours when working alone. 2) Time taken together = 1 Combined work rate If two workers are working together, the number of hours they need to complcte the job is given by Worker Combined work rote Time John Lath ab Chris a ab asd Jolm's work rate =4 a ‘Combined work rate “Time taken together= ——__)_ = een Combined work rate a+b SAT Practice Worker A can finish a job in 5 hours. When worker | 3. 4 works together with worker &, they can finish the job in 4 hours. How long does it take for worker B to finish the job if ee works alone? ‘The swimming pool can be filled by pipe 4 inS hours and by pipe 2 in 8 hours. How long would it ‘take to fill the pool if both pipes were used? 1 A) 3~ hours ) 5 A) 8 hours B) 12 hours 2 ©) Whours B) $= hows D) 20 hours 3 ©) Thours 1 1D) &— hours Raymond and Peter can paint a house in 20 hours 4, If it takes 5 people 12 hours to paint 3 identical when working together at the same time. If Raymond works twice as fast as Peter, how long would it take Peter to paint the house if he works alone? A) 20 hours B) 30 hours C) 40 hours D) 60 hours Dr. dohn Ghung's SAT Math 83 Tips houses, then how mary hours wil it take 4 people ‘working at the same rate to paint $ identical houses? (Assume they work at the same rate.) A) 18 hours B) 19 hours ©) 20 hours D) 25 hours 49Combined Range of Two Intervals Forthe interval of x, aSx 10<4-B<00 3) (S-6)s4-Bs (10-2) > -Is4-ase 4) 2c4cl@ , 5-4 SAT Practice 1. Given 20, then 2)1F |x|<@ and a>0, then -a@ and a>0, then x>a or x<—a Afs oe 225 @ x30, |x—20210 Example 3: If -8<.x<2, then express the interval using absolute value. Solution) 842 Step 1: Find the midpoint between -8 and > 3 Step 2: Find the distance from the midpoint to the endpoint. > 2—(-3 Step 3: From the figure above, the interval can be expressed with absolute value midpoin distance =5 RB jr-taij> 4 >) [o~s1s3 3 Atthe O.K Daily Milk Company, machine X fills box with milk, and machine ¥ eliminates milk-box ifthe weight is less than 450 grams, or ‘greater than 500 grams. Ifthe weight of the box that will be eliminated by machine Y is E, in ‘grams, which of the following describes all, possible values of E? A) |E-475|<25 B) |E-S00|>450 ©) |475-£|=25 D) |£-475|>25Parallel Lines with Transversal A transversal isa Tine that intersects parallel lines. When it intersects parallel lines, many angles are congrient. Tfaset of parallel lines are cut by a transversal, cach of the parallel lines has 4 angles surrounding the intersection as follows. Az A and 2Q= 23: Vertical angles 23= £6 and 24= 25; Alternat ingles Sum of the interior angles in the same side is 180° Zz 6 and 24= 28: Corresponding angles 234 £5=180" and 24+ 26=180°: SAT M, D E Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 1. Inthe figure above, If AB=BM = DM =DE and Elim, what isthe measure of ZAME? A) 50° B) 60" ©) 75° —_D) 90° Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 2. Inthe figure bove, €|)m, a=65, and b=45. What isthe valucof k? A) 80 B)90 ©) 100 D) 110 De dehn Chung SAT Mata 62 Tips Practice Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, line 2m is parallel to line 1. Which of the following must be trae’? Lane Wd=g MM, b+e=180 (A) Lonly (B) Honly (© Monly (D) Mand MT only 53Triangle Inequality ‘Triangle Inequality Theorem ‘Theoremt: ‘The length of one sick ofa triangle is less than the sum of the other two sides and is greater than the difference af the other twa sides. a ( : b Weean say that a~b 5 45 45 45° Question: What fraction of boys are juniors? 19/a5_ 19/45 _ 19 3524S 2 Therefore, Final answer is Or Use a convenient number 45 for the number of students in the group. SAT Practice 3 2 1, Ofte 24 company presidents allendinga corporate meeting, 7 of he presidents are males and = of the presidents have children, IF2 female presidents co not have children, how many male presents have children? Ag Bo O2 DuDiscriminant Vs ‘The discriminant &° —4ac, which i the expression under the mdical sign, describe the mature of the roots ofa quadratic ‘equation. By the quadratic formula, the two roots of ax? + br +e =0 are ~bt VF dae D (descriminan 7 > DE it) —dac Value of discriminant [Nature of roots Graph of y= ax? + br-+e, (a>0) D>0md 4 Real, atonal, mou 6? —4ae is aperfect square va D>0 md 1? ac iota pate square | Petition rec D=0 Real, rational, equal D _—s IFthe graph of v=2x-+4 is tangent to the graph of y=x"—4, y A ‘what the value of &? Solution) 4a2vek + P-2x-4-k=0, Since they are tangent, the discriminant D shouldbe 0 D=(-2 -4(I)(4-4)=0 5 D=2044k=0 Therefore, Dr John Chung's SAT Math 63 Tips 6SAT Practice 1. Which of the fallowing is tre about the graph af . Forwhat value of & the roots of x7 +-2x+4=0 are ys 2x 6x43 2 equal? A) The graph of 4’ istangent to the x-axis. Ao Bl O2 D3 B) The graph of intersects the x-axis at 2 points ©) The graph of y lissentirely above the x-axis, D) The graph of {lies entirely below the x-axis, 2. Find the value of for which of the graph of yaa? 46x+k is tangenttothe x-axis? A3 B6 9 D2 4. Inthe sp-plane above, the graphs of f and g are tangent each other. Which of the following is the value of k? a) B) © D) 62Mui §=Handshakes there are five people in a room, and they shake each other's hands ence and only once, how many handshakes are there altogether? (A,B) (A, ©) (A, D) (A, E)--— handshakes 3 handshakes (B,C) (B,D) (B, E) (CDC BE) ,£)- ‘Therefore there will be 4434241 10 handshakes OOOO® Or, we can use a combination. ‘The mmber of handshakes is equal to ways to select two penple fiom 8, because twa people make one handshake. “Therefore, Sx4_ 2 10 SAT Practice 1. Efyou have 12 people in a group and each person shakes everyone else's hand only once, how many handshakes take place’? A) 132 B) 112, C) 8D) 66 Dr. Jonn Chung’s SAT Math 63 Tips ‘Ata patty, everybody shakes hands with each other ‘once. Ifthere are 45 handshakes, how many people are there atthe party? 49 B10 OU DIZ 63za Consecutive integers {Integers which follow each other in order, without gaps, from smallest to largest are consecutive integers 12, 13, 14 and 15 are consecutive integers. 12, 14, 16, 18 are consecutive even integers. 11, 13, 15, 17 are consecutive odd integers. Properties of consecutive integers: For consecutive numbers (integers), if the first term is and the last term isa , the average is equal to median, 1+ ay 2 Average (Arithmetic mean Median = Average Sum of consecutive = median xnumberof integers Or, Sum of consecutive = average x number of integers Example: For the sequence of consecutive numbers 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10 243444546474849410 9 Averag: Butsimply weuse the formula average: 2410 Avernge That is ‘Median= Average=6 ‘Therefore, in the list of consecutive numbers, the average value is equal to the median. SAT Practice 1. Whot isthesum af 11 consecutive integers ifthe |3. -Themedianofa list of 10 consecutive even integers miele one is 302 is 7. What isthe sum of the integers? A) A) 700 B) 120 B70 © 330 ) D) 660 © 780 by 800 2. Ifthe medianof a list of 99 consecutive integers is | 4. Ifthe median of a list of 30 consecutive odd integers 80, what isthe greatest integer in thelist? is 120, what is the greatest integer in the ist? A» A) 4s B) 128 B) 147 © 129 Q 149 D) 157 D) 151Complex Numbers Imaginary number: i=V=T and i Example: V4 ait =2 V2 = iNI2 = 213 Complex number: a+ 6? , where @ and b are real numbers and i = y—1. a=thered partofa+bi and b= imaginary part ofa +hi Property: 1) Two complex rumbers are equal ifand only if thei real and imaginary parts are equal atbizc+di > a=candb=d Ma +H (Distance from the origin) in 2) a+ + bi| +The length of the line segment (Complex plane SAT Practice 1. Ifa+b+(a—b)i=6—4i, whatis the valucof a? a=10+bi-(a—5)i, 4. Inthe equation above, a and b are real numbers and ET. What isthe vaine of 2 : s atbi 5. © 7=JA1, which of the following is equal to i767 2 Ai B) oO DI 2. Inthe equation above, i= V=1. Whats the value of »? 6. Which of the following could be the solution of y-- mi of py? x'-2y? 43x=0? 5 5 5 5 Al 3. What is the value of J=12 x: B) 3 A) -36 © l+iv2 B) -6 oO 6 1 ve D) 36 Dr. Jona Chune's SAT Math 63 Tos 65Circles A circle is the set of al points that is equi stant from a fixed point called the center of the circle, Properties: 1, All mdi ofthe same cirele are congruent. 6, The measure of an inscribed angle is one halfof the 2. Accentral angle is an angle whose vertex is thecenter of | measure ofthe central angle the circle 7. Amangle inscribed in asemicirele isa right angle 3. A chord isa line segment whose end points are points on | 8 A tangent isa line that intersects the circle in exactly theciele one point. 4. A diameter perpendiculartoa chord bisects the chord | 9, A secant sa line that intersects the crcl in two points. and is aes. 10, A tangent is perpendicular tothe radius of a cree 5, Aninscribed angleis an angle whose vertex isonthe | 11. Tangent segments drawn toa circle are congruent. circle Cc 1. Name ofthe cirele: Circle O 2, Central angle: ZAOB 3. Inseribedangle: 24CB = 1(2408) 4. Minorare AB: AB 5 5. Majorare ACB: ACB 6 Chord: AC, BC 7 7. Tangents AP and BP arc equal in measure (4P =P) 8 APLAO ond BPA BO 9. ZAOB+ ZAPB= 180° P 8 — ‘ - - 4 = ZAPR= 90" ah =ed at+h=180andc+d=180 Length ofminor are: ¢= 70 Lia Arca of the sector: 4 = xl 9) (0 is in radian measure.) Conversion Between Degrees and Radians 1. Degrees toRatins: Degreex;— 2. Raa to Degrees Radian xSAT Practice R 1. Inthe figure above, PQ and RO are tangentto the circle at points P and R. Ifthe radius ofthe circle is 12, whatis the length of minor arc PR? A) 4B) Gr ©) 8x D) lor Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following figure, In the figure above, the measure of ZAOB is = radians andthe radius of the circle is 36, 3. Whats the length of the minor are AB ? A)10z B) Sz ©) 207) 362 4. Whats the arca of sector 4OB? A) 1357 B) 180 C) 2702 D) 3607 Cc 2. Inthe figure above, point O is the center ofthe circle, BA and BC are tangent to the cirele at points A and C. ifthe measure of ZAOC is 105° ,whatis the measure of ZABC in degrees? Dr John Chungs SAT Math 63 Tips. 10 B c 2 5. Inthe figure above, cach side of right triangle ABC with 2B=90" are tangentta the circle. The length of AB is 10 and the length of BC is 24. What is the radius ofthe circle? 6. fen angie with a measure of = radiain besa mesare of d degrees, what isthe value of d’? 7. [fan angle with a measure of 210° has measure of 7 radians, what isthe value of 7°? Sa Te ar lr Q* pt gt ys 15 I= IF 1 67Trigonometric Function and Cofunction “Trigonometric Function: B Hypotenuse © @ Opposite side to angle A A c 7 Adjacent side to angle 4 sing=2 coso=4 tand=5 n= > sim and cos B —> sin A=cos, because the triangle is a right triangle. (2C=90" or 24+ 28 =90") Definition: Ina right triangle above, If 24+ 2B=90", then sinZA=cos ZB. > If sin ZA=cos ZB, then ZA+ 2B=90" 2)1f ZA+ ZB=90', then ese ZA=secZB. > 3)1f ZA+ ZB=90', then tan 2A = cot ZB, If ese ZA =see ZB, then 24+ 2B =90" > tan ZA scot ZB, then ZA+ 2B = 90° SAT Practice B 4 15 B c 1. Inthe figure above, the length af AB is 10. Ifthe 4 c D value of sin ZACB is 0.4, whats the length of AC ? Inthe figure above, the length of BC. is 15 and the value of 08 ZBAC is 0.8, Whatis the length of BD? 4 B A) 8 BIO C2 DIB E D ¢ 4. If sin(3x-+3)' =c0s(2x~15) in aright wiangle, what 2. Inrectangle ABCD above, the value af inthe valocaf 2? tan ZBAE = 0.6 andthe value of tan ZEDC is 0.25. What is the value of 2 EC 68