ASEAN

Disaster Management Reference Handbook

March 2019
Acknowledgements
CFE-DM would like to thank the following organizations for their support in reviewing and providing feedback to this
document:

Dr. Sithu Pe Thein (ASEAN Secretariat)

Pauline Caspellan (International Federation of the Red Cross)

Cover and section photo credits

Cover Photo: ASEAN Ten Member Flags: ASEAN Ten Member Flags. Photo by iStock Getty Images.

ASEAN Governing Bodies Section Photo: Brunei-ASEAN Member State

Exterior of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque – Brunei by bvi4092 is licensed under CC BY 2.0. January 29, 2016.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/bvi4092/25393216544

ASEAN Common Frameworks Section Photo: Cambodia-ASEAN Member State

Angkor Wat, Cambodia. By Juan Antonia Segal. January 4, 2015.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jafsegal/16113819560

ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR Section Photo: Indonesia-ASEAN Member State
Mount Bromo, Java, Indonesia by Celebrityacb is licensed under CC BY-2.0. July 7, 2008.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/celebrityabc/26843837116

ASEAN Member Countries Section Photo: Lao-ASEAN Member State

The sun rises over Pha That Luang, Lao’s national symbol, in Vientiane. By Benh Lieu Song. May 9, 2016.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/blieusong/27486495634

ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs and Projects Section Photo: Malaysia-ASEAN Member State
Skyline of Kuala Lumpur. By Maher Najm. August 1, 2016.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/mahernajm/42690021522

Information Sharing Section Photo: Myanmar-ASEAN Member State

The Many Thousand Temples of Bagan, Myanmar by Metamorfa Studio. Public domain mark 1.0. August 9, 2015.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/metamorfastudio/20427259385

ASEAN Continued Vision Section Photo: Philippines-ASEAN Member State

“Manila_08999pp” by Stefan Munder is licensed under CC BY-2.0. November 27, 2009.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/insmu74/4300901013

Conclusion Section Photo: Thailand-ASEAN Member State

Wat mahathat Bangkok. By telmo32 is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0. November 24, 2007.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/telmo32/2061410056

Appendices Section Photo: Singapore-ASEAN Member State

Marina Bay, Singapore by dronepicr is licensed under CC BY 2.0. July 21, 2017.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/132646954@N02/36365629480

2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Table of Contents
Welcome - Note from the Director............................................................................................................7
About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance................8
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................... 10

ASEAN Governing Bodies..............................................................................................12

AHA Centre................................................................................................................................................ 13
AHA Centre Response in ASEAN................................................................................................ 13
ASEAN Secretariat................................................................................................................................... 15
DMHA Division of the ASEAN Secretariat............................................................................... 15
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM).............................................................. 17
ACDM Working Groups................................................................................................................. 17

ASEAN Common Frameworks........................................................................................20

One ASEAN, One Response................................................................................................................. 20
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER)... 20
ASEAN Vision 2025................................................................................................................................. 20
AHA Centre Work Plan 2020................................................................................................................ 22

ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR..........................................................24

Tools............................................................................................................................................................. 25
ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency Relief (ADMER) Fund.......................... 25
ASEAN Development Fund (ADF).............................................................................................. 25
AHA Centre Fund............................................................................................................................. 25
ASEAN Emergency Response Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT).................................... 25
ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX)......... 25
ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP)....................................................................... 26

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 3

 ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise (ARF DiREx)........................................... 27
Disaster Emergency Response Logistic System for ASEAN (DELSA)............................. 27
Joint Operations and Coordination Centre of ASEAN (JOCCA)....................................... 28
SASOP.................................................................................................................................................. 28
ASEAN Militaries Ready Group (AMRG)................................................................................... 29
ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine (ACMM)........................................................................ 29
Logistics Support Framework..................................................................................................... 29
Mechanisms.............................................................................................................................................. 29
Joint Task Force for HADR (JTF-HADR).................................................................................... 29
ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM)................................. 30
East Asia Summit (EAS).................................................................................................................. 30
ASEAN Chair...................................................................................................................................... 31
ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) and ADMM Plus........................................ 31
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)...................................................................................................... 32

ASEAN Member Countries.............................................................................................34

Brunei Darussalam.................................................................................................................................. 35
Cambodia.................................................................................................................................................. 36
Indonesia................................................................................................................................................... 36
Lao PDR...................................................................................................................................................... 36
Malaysia...................................................................................................................................................... 37
Myanmar.................................................................................................................................................... 38
Philippines................................................................................................................................................. 38
Singapore.................................................................................................................................................. 39
Thailand...................................................................................................................................................... 39
Vietnam...................................................................................................................................................... 40

ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and Projects.....................................................42

Information Sharing.......................................................................................................52
ASEAN Information Sources................................................................................................................ 52

4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

 Risk Monitoring & Early Warning....................................................................................................... 55
Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS)........................................................... 55
WebEOC.............................................................................................................................................. 55
ASEAN Disaster Information Network (ADInet).................................................................... 56
ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management Platform (ASDMP).................................. 56
Humanitarian Information Sources.................................................................................................. 57
Regional Information Sources............................................................................................................ 58
US Government (USG) Information Sources................................................................................. 59
DoD Information Sources.................................................................................................................... 59

ASEAN Continued Vision................................................................................................62

Disaster and Climate Resilience......................................................................................................... 62
ASEAN’s International Partnerships in HADR................................................................................ 63

Conclusion.......................................................................................................................66

Appendices.....................................................................................................................68
HFA Country Progress Report............................................................................................................. 68
ASEAN Regional Progress Report on the Implementation of HFA (2011-2013)............... 68
Sendai Framework.................................................................................................................................. 70
Acronyms and Abbreviations............................................................................................................. 72
List of References for Figures and Photos...................................................................................... 78
References (Endnotes).......................................................................................................................... 80

List of Figures
Figure 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters in the ASEAN Region in 2018....................................... 12
Figure 2: ASEAN Secretariat Organizational Structure......................................................................... 16
Figure 3: ASEAN Related Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR................................................. 24
Figure 4: ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure...................................................................................... 26
Figure 5: Impact of Natural Disasters on the ASEAN Region............................................................. 34
Figure 6: Locations of ASEAN Member States......................................................................................... 35

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 5

Figure 7: ASEAN-UN Eight Priority Programmes for JSPADM III....................................................... 44
Figure 8: Programme Strategy 2017-2020: ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative................................... 45
Figure 9: CSS Framework Education Sector Policies and Plans......................................................... 46
Figure 10: Strategic Framework for IAI Workplan III.............................................................................. 48
Figure 11: AHA Centre Flash Updates........................................................................................................ 53
Figure 12: AHA Centre Situation Updates................................................................................................ 54
Figure 13: AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring & Response System..................................................... 56
Figure 14: The ASEAN Disaster Information Network.......................................................................... 57
Figure 15: Disaster Management Reference Handbooks for Ten ASEAN Member States....... 60
Figure 16: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction................................................................. 71

List of Tables
Table 1: ACDM Working Groups and 8 Priority Programmes....................................................... 18
Table 2: Results of ASEAN Regional HFA, 2011-2013....................................................................... 69

List of Photos
Photo 1: ASEAN-ERAT Response to Sulawesi Earthquake, September 2018.......................... 13
Photo 2: ASEAN-ERAT Handover of ASEAN Relief Supplies for Earthquake-Affected
People in Lombok, Indonesia ................................................................................................................. 14
Photo 3: ASEAN ERAT Team Response to Yangon, Myanmar April-May 2018 ....................... 15
Photo 4: ASEAN-ERAT Team...................................................................................................................... 27
Photo 5: Responders Reacting to Regional Flooding in the Bac Lieu
Province of Vietnam.................................................................................................................................... 40

6 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Welcome - Note from the Director
The Southeast Asia region and the ten countries that make up ASEAN are in many respects a
dynamic and important center. These ten ASEAN countries have many differences; however, they
are bound by the conviction that they can achieve more together than they can apart. Strengthening
regional institutions like ASEAN is a long-term strategy, and the U.S. as well as other countries are
investing in enhanced relationships with ASEAN as they are aware of the economic and strategic
significance of the region. ASEAN matters to the U.S. A stable region is in America’s national interest,
and one of the most efficient ways to help strengthen the ASEAN region is to invest in ASEAN.
ASEAN is also an important export and trading partner.1
In building a peaceful, secure and stable region, ASEAN adopts a comprehensive approach to
security which enhances the capacity to deal with existing and emerging challenges, resolving
differences, and enhance maritime security and cooperation. These challenges include responding to
disasters in the region. ASEAN is focused on integrating policies, capacity and institution-building,
stakeholder partnerships in disaster risk reduction, humanitarian assistance, and community
empowerment, among others. Integrated and inclusive approaches are an essential aspect of human
security and creating ASEAN resilient communities. ASEAN Member States are located in a region
most vulnerable to natural disasters. In the last decade disaster events and hazards have increased
in intensity, frequency, and have become more unpredictable. Therefore, with regard to disaster
response and climate change adaptation, ASEAN has had to proactively lead the way in the region by
establishing structures, strategies, and mechanisms in an effort to make disaster resilient nations, and
jointly respond to disaster emergencies.2
This guide serves as an initial source of information for those individuals preparing for disaster
risk reduction activities or immediate deployment to one of the ten ASEAN member states. It
also provides decision makers, planners, researchers, and responders, greater insight into ASEAN
frameworks, players, tools, mechanisms, and documents, thereby enhancing regional civil-military
response.

Sincerely,

Joseph D. Martin, SES

Director

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 7

Information about the Center for Excellence
in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance
Overview
The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) is a
United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) organization that was established by U.S. Congress
in 1994. The Center is a direct reporting unit to U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and is located on Ford
Island, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii.
CFE-DM was founded as part of the late Senator Daniel K. Inouye’s vision. The Senator had
witnessed the effects of Hurricane Iniki that struck the Hawaiian Islands in 1992 and felt the civil-
military coordination in the response could have been more effective. He set about to establish
CFE-DM to help bridge understanding between civil and military responders, and to provide a DoD
platform for building Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (DMHA) awareness and
expertise in U.S. forces, and with partner nations in the Asia-Pacific. While maintaining a global
mandate, the Asia-Pacific region is our priority of effort and collaboration is the cornerstone of our
operational practice.

Mission
CFE-DM increases the readiness of U.S. forces, civilian and military counterparts, and
international partners to respond globally to foreign humanitarian assistance and disaster relief
operations through Civil-Military coordination, training, information sharing, and regional
planning.

Vision
CFE-DM exists to save lives and alleviate human suffering by connecting people, improving
coordination, and building capacity.

Contact Information
Center for Excellence in Disaster Management
and Humanitarian Assistance
456 Hornet Ave
JBPHH HI 96860-3503
Telephone: (808) 472-0518
https://www.cfe-dmha.org

8 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Disclaimer
This report has been prepared in good faith based primarily on information gathered from open-
source material available at the date of publication. Most of the information was from United States
(U.S.) or other government sources and is thus considered to be in the public domain. Such sources
include the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Factbook, U.S. Department of State (DoS), and foreign
government’s web pages. Where possible, a link to the original electronic source is provided in the
endnote (reference) section at the end of the document. Other sources include Non-Governmental
Organization (NGO) homepages, Relief Web, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) or
other United Nations (UN) agency web pages, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank (ADB).
While making every attempt to ensure the information is relevant and accurate, Center for Excellence
in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) does not guarantee or warrant the
accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information in this publication. Any necessary
updates will be incorporated in a future version.

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 9

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) was formed in 1967. It aimed to
reduce regional hostilities and to prevent
communism from spreading across Southeast
Asia to Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, the
Philippines, and Indonesia. Brunei Darussalam,
Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Cambodia
later joined ASEAN. However, those threats have
changed to the threat of natural disasters.3 These
ten-Member States recognize the importance
of ensuring the safety of its citizens from
challenges and threats. The ASEAN region is
vulnerable to several natural disasters including
typhoons, floods, drought, earthquakes, and
volcanic eruption. ASEAN has experienced
three catastrophic disasters in the past 15 years.
These include the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004),
Cyclone Nargis (2008), and Typhoon Haiyan
(2013). The need for a coordinated ASEAN
response to major disasters in the region gained
momentum after the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
Because of this, regional cooperation towards
addressing the rising frequency of natural
disasters is of vital interest to ASEAN. ASEAN
has set out to develop a regional framework
covering aspects of disaster management
with many tools, initiatives, platforms, and
mechanisms.4
All ten ASEAN Member States have detailed
law and policy frameworks for national disaster
preparedness and response; however, there are
varying types of disaster response systems in
ASEAN Member States. It has been an important
goal of ASEAN to share implementation of the
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management
and Emergency Response (AADMER) though
identifying and analyzing them individually
and regionally in order to jointly respond to
disasters.5 The adoption and implementation
of AADMER has facilitated the enhancement
of regional mechanisms on preparedness and
response. “One ASEAN, One Response” was
developed to build upon AADMER in order to
have a collective strength of all stakeholders in
ASEAN collaborating together during a natural
disaster. The ASEAN Joint Disaster Response
Plan (AJDRP) was created to support the above-
mentioned initiatives, strengthen ASEAN
mechanisms, and enhance cooperation and
coordination with the humanitarian community
and national and international mechanisms.6
10 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Many of these mechanisms to improve
regional arrangements for disaster relief and
response are set up by the ASEAN Secretariat,
the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for
Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre), the
ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management
(ACDM), and other governing bodies.7 The
ASEAN Secretariat functions to provide greater
efficiency in the coordination of ASEAN organs
and a more effective implementation of ASEAN
projects and activities. Their mission is to initiate,
facilitate, and coordinate ASEAN stakeholder
collaboration in realizing the purposes and
principles of ASEAN as reflected in the ASEAN
Charter. The ASEAN Secretariat sits on the
Governing Board of the AHA Centre, and
provides direct support to the Secretary-General
of ASEAN. The Secretariat is also responsible
in facilitating and monitoring progress in the
implementation of the AADMER and its Work
Program.8 The AHA Centre was established
to oversee the implementation of AADMER.
The AHA Centre coordinates all operational
activities under the AADMER and is the key
facilitator of cooperation and coordination
within ASEAN Member States during a disaster.
The impact of the AHA Centre is important
since they coordinate with agencies such as the
United Nations and international organizations
when responding to disasters in the area.9 The
AHA Centre is also responsible for mobilizing
ASEAN’s standby assets and personnel, such
as sending relief items through the Disaster
Emergency Logistic System (DELSA), and by
deploying the ASEAN Emergency Response and
Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT).10 The ACDM
is composed of National Disaster Management
Organizations (NDMOs) from all 10 ASEAN
Member States and the members are also the
AADMER National Focal Points.11
Natural disasters cost the ASEAN region
in large numbers of fatalities and economic
losses. It is important to create mechanisms
for dealing with natural disasters in the Indo-
Pacific Region. Regional organizations such as
ASEAN are playing an evolving role in disaster
response efforts. There are many resources and
efforts in the region to further enhance ASEAN’s
humanitarian assistance and disaster response
capabilities.
 ASEAN
ASEAN Governing Bodies

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES
ASEAN Governing
Bodies
The Asia Pacific region, where the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member
States are located is the world’s most vulnerable
region to natural disasters. Disaster events in the
region in the last decade have shown hazards
to be more intense, more frequent, and more
unpredictable.12 Figure 1 depicts 2018 statistics
for natural disasters in the ASEAN region. Over
1500 disasters were recorded in the region in
2018. Flood is the most common natural disaster.
In order to prioritize and provide a framework
Figure 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters in the ASEAN Region in 2018
12 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
for the reduction of disaster losses and enhance
ASEAN’s collective response to disasters,
ASEAN Member States developed the ASEAN
Agreement on Disaster Management and
Emergency Response (AADMER). As a result of
the AADMER, the ASEAN Coordinating Centre
for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) on
disaster management was established to facilitate
the coordination of disaster management and
regional response among ASEAN Member States
with relevant international organizations and the
United Nations. In addition to the AHA Centre,
the ASEAN Secretariat, as well as the ASEAN
Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
are also ASEAN governing bodies which provide
leadership and guidance towards fulfilling the
goals and objectives of AADMER and ASEAN.
 SASOP and/or other mechanisms. In concert
ASEAN Coordinating Centre for with the AHA Centre, the ICLT will collect
Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster information from the affected Government,
Management (AHA Centre) as well as other humanitarian agencies in
the country and they will then provide
recommendations for the Emergency Operation
The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Centre (EOC) to revise the initial ASEAN-ERAT
Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster
Management (AHA Centre) was established if need be.14
in 2011 as a leading entity for facilitating
cooperation and coordination within ASEAN AHA Centre Response in ASEAN
Member States. It also liaises with important The AHA Centre has responded to 21
agencies such as the United Nations and emergency relief operations since its start
other international organizations to promote in 2007. Additionally, in that time they have
regional collaboration. The governing body deployed 85 of 222 ERAT members in seven
of the AHA Centre is composed of National ASEAN countries.15
Disaster Management Organizations (NDMO)
representatives from all Member States. During Sulawesi Earthquake, Indonesia (September
a disaster, the AHA Centre is the first point of 2018)
contact for all ASEAN Member States.13 On September 28, 2018, a series of disasters
The AHA Centre’s primary focus is to facilitate starting when a 7.7 earthquake struck Central
regional cooperation for disaster management, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The earthquake was
joint emergency preparedness and response, followed by a tsunami and a liquefaction
and to operationalize regional coordination phenomenon resulting in 2000 deaths, over 1,300
mechanisms for emergency preparedness and missing and 200,000 displaced residents of the
response. After a disaster affects Southeast Central Sulawesi province. The AHA Centre
Asia, the AHA Centre will then relay the responded by providing full support including
information by following precise communication three groups of ASEAN-ERAT teams for a total
and coordination protocols as defined by the of 29 personnel from 5 ASEAN Member States.
Standard Operating Procedure for Regional They were tasked to set up and manage on-
Standby Arrangements and Coordination of site Joint Operations and Coordination Centre
Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response for International Assistance (JOCCIA) and
Operations (SASOP). In addition, the AHA host members of the United Nations Disaster
Centre can help mobilize ASEAN’s standby assets Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) Team
and personnel, since they have the capacity to (Photo 1).
send relief items and deploy the
ASEAN Emergency Response
and Assessment Team (ASEAN-
ERAT).
During a disaster, the
AHA Centre will also deploy
personnel, which will become
the In-Country Liaison
Team (ICLT). The ICLT will
coordinate with the government
at the national level if needed,
and if the affected Member State
approves. The AHA Centre will
coordinate the deployment of
the ASEAN-ERAT to support
the local agencies responding
to the event. This process
aims to increase preparedness
and response capacity, while
delivering humanitarian Photo 1: ASEAN-ERAT Response to Sulawesi Earthquake, September 2018
assistance through the ASEAN

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 13

ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES

The international community partnered to assistance from the AHA Center to activate the
provide support including air cargo capacity ASEAN ERAT Team on April 27, 2018. The team
to transport relief items, water filtration units, arrived to assess and provide recommendations
family tents, generator sets, medical equipment, on fire control strategies and address potential
and environmental support for the prevention of environmental and public health issues (Photo
mosquito-borne disease outbreak. Additionally, 3). Additionally, the ERAT Team was able to
the Government of Indonesia accepted cash request and provide additional resources and
donations from governmental and humanitarian capacities available from other ASEAN Member
partners channeled through the National States through the AHA Center to assist with the
Disaster Management Authority (BNPB) and effort. By early May, 2018, the fires were brought
the Indonesian Red Cross. In less than one under control and long term mitigation efforts
week, electricity, telecommunication access and were in place for improved waste-management
access to gasoline supplies were available due systems.18
to the partnership of the national taskforce.
Additionally, clean-up of debris and provision Typhoon Damrey, Vietnam (November 2017)
of health services were reinforced through On November 4, 2017, the southern provinces
deployment of field hospitals and military of Vietnam were ravaged by Typhoon Damrey.
vessels from neighboring provinces and national Final reports identified 110 casualties, 16 people
resources.16 missing, 3,455 homes completely destroyed,
136,669 homes partially destroyed, and 400,000
Lombok Earthquake, Indonesia (August 2018) residents in need of assistance. There was major
Lombok, Indonesia was struck by a 6.4 damage to infrastructure, farming regions,
earthquake on July 29, 2018 followed by over coastal based industries, devastated farms, rice
1000 aftershocks in the following
month of August. The earthquakes
resulted in increasing numbers
of casualties and damage to
buildings and livelihoods in the
region. The Indonesian National
Disaster Management Authority
(BNPN) contacted the AHA Centre
and an ASEAN-ERAT team was
deployed to the affected region.
AHA Center also obtained green-
light mobilization of relief items
from the ASEAN emergency
stockpile in Subang, Malaysia worth
approximately USD $154,438 where
were delivered by chartered flight
in three batches. Photo 2 shows
delivery of supplies to items to
Lombok.17

Myanmar Fires (April 2018)

Fires caused by excessive heat
on piles of non-degradable waste
at the Htein Pin dump site in
Western Yangon, Myanmar turned
into an emergent public health
situation when smoke and haze
began causing acute respiratory
health problems and disturbing
citizens in the region in April
2018. Myanmar’s Department of Photo 2: ASEAN-ERAT Handover of ASEAN Relief Supplies for Earthquake-
Disaster Management requested Affected People in Lombok, Indonesia

14 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance


Photo 3: ASEAN ERAT Team Response to Yangon, Myanmar April-May 2018 collaboration in realizing the
paddies, canals, and boats.
The AHA Centre responded by coordinating
the delivery of relief items to affected
communities. Items consisted of hygiene and
shelter repair kits. In addition, boat and motor
rescue was provided to stranded citizens. The
AHA Centre provided daily Situation Updates
with regard to the event, as well as providing up- from Brunei Darussalam.23
to-date and relevant information. 19
Vietnam Floods (August 2017)
Heavy rains fell across the provinces of
northern Vietnam in August 2017 triggering
flash floods and landslides. Final reports
identified 27 casualties, 14 people missing, 231
homes completely destroyed, 425 homes partially
destroyed and an economic loss of USD $23.5
million. Vietnam sent its first ever request to
the AHA Centre on August 3, 2017 requesting
support. The AHA Centre responded with relief
items, deployment of the In-Country Liaison
Team (ICLT) and activated DELSA to support
the impacted communities.
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
Typhoon Nock Ten, Philippines
(December, 2016)
On Christmas Day 2016, a
typhoon passed through low
lying areas of eastern Philippines
stranding more than 11,000 cargo
ships and vessels and displacing
383,097 people who were forced
to evacuate their homes in
Calabarzon, Mimaropa, Bocil and
Easter Viayas.20
ASEAN Secretariat
In 1976, the Foreign Ministers
of ASEAN established the ASEAN
Secretariat in Jakarta, Indonesia.
The functions of the ASEAN
Secretariat are to provide greater
efficiency in the coordination
of ASEAN organs and a more
effective implementation of
ASEAN projects and activities.
The Secretariat is also responsible
for the critical functions that will
keep the continuity and progress
on ASEAN actions.21 Their
mission is to initiate, facilitate, and
coordinate ASEAN stakeholder
purposes and principles of
ASEAN as reflected in the ASEAN Charter.22
The ASEAN Summit appoints the Secretary-
General of ASEAN for a non-renewable term of
five years. The Secretary-General of ASEAN is
appointed based on alphabetical rotation of the
ASEAN Member States. The Secretary-General
of ASEAN 2018-2022 is H. E. Dato Lim Jock Hoi
Figure 2 outlines the ASEAN Secretariat
Organizational Structure, effective 1 January
2016.
DMHA Division of the ASEAN Secretariat
Policy and program support in ASEAN
engagements in disaster management is provided
by the ASEAN Secretariat’s Disaster Management
and Humanitarian Assistance (DMHA) Division.
In addition, it represents the Secretariat for the
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management
and Emergency Response (AADMER). They
are responsible for facilitating and monitoring
the implementation of AADMER and its Work
Plan. The ASEAN Secretariat is responsible
15
ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES

Figure 2: ASEAN Secretariat Organizational Structure

16 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

for providing policy coordination support,
conducting monitoring and evaluation of
AADMER, and serving as Secretariat to
Conference of the Parties (COP) and the ASEAN
Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM).
The ASEAN Secretariat is a member of the
Governing Board of the AHA Centre. It also
provides support to the Secretary-General of
ASEAN by performing the responsibilities as the
ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance Coordinator.24
ASEAN Committee on Disaster
Management (ACDM)
The ASEAN Committee on Disaster
Management (ACDM) is made up of NDMOs
from all 10 ASEAN Member States. In
addition, the ACDM members are also the
AADMER National Focal Points.25 It is the main
subsidiary body that oversees the operational
implementation of AADMER under the
Conference of Parties, composed of ministers
in charge of disaster management. ASEAN
country representatives also spearhead lines of
effort decided by the ACDM during the annual
meeting.26
The ACDM has the following functions:27
• Provide leadership and guidance towards
fulfilling the goals and objectives of
AADMER in pursuant of the vision
of disaster resilient nations and safer
communities within ASEAN;
• Initiate, direct and oversee the development,
monitoring and implementation of the
AADMER Work Programme and other
related decisions and initiatives implemented
by the respective Working Groups;
• Strengthen coordination with relevant
ASEAN bodies to complement the
implementation of disaster management
activities and promote effective integration
of relevant and related programmes and
activities;
• Collaborate with ASEAN Dialogue Partners,
international and multilateral agencies, civil
society, academe, the Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement, the private sector, and
other relevant partners and stakeholders, to
advance the objectives of AADMER;
• Enhance sharing of resources and
information on disaster management and
promote collaborative disaster research
activities;
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
• Plan and coordinate all activities required
for convening of meetings, in coordination
with the host Member State and ASEAN
Secretariat; and
• Present reports and provide
recommendations related to AADMER and
other policy and strategic issues on disaster
management to the COP to AADMER and
AMMDM for their consideration.
ACDM Working Groups
The current AADMER 2016-2020 Work
Programme comprises of 8 Priority Programmes
that are implemented under the supervision
of 5 ACDM Working Groups. Currently the
AADMER 2021-2025 is being drafted. Table 1
depicts the ACDM Working Groups and their
respective priority programme. The ACDM
Working Group on Risk Assessment and
Awareness is responsible for the implementation
of Priority Programme AWARE. The ACDM
Working Group on Prevention and Mitigation
is responsible for the implementation of Priority
Programmes BUILD SAFELY, ADVANCE and
PROTECT. The ACDM Working Group on
Preparedness and Response is responsible for
the implementation of Priority Programmes
RESPOND AS ONE and EQUIP. The ACDM
Working Group on Recover is responsible for
the implementation of Priority Programme
RECOVER. The ACDM Working Group on
Knowledge and Innovations Management is
responsible for the implementation of Priority
Programme LEAD.28
More information on the eight priority
programmes is discussed in the ASEAN-United
Nations Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster
Management (JSPADM) located under the
ASEAN Documents, Plans, Programs, and
Projects section of this Handbook on page 43.
The 8 Priority Programmes were developed
based on: 29
• An assessment of the implementation of the
AADMER Work Programme 2010-2015;
• The visioning exercise of each ACDM
Working Group together with the partners;
and
• Existing and ongoing projects under
Strategy and Priorities for AADMER Work
Programme Phase 2 (2013-2015) (the 21
Concept Notes) that would be carried over in
the next work programme.
17
ASEAN GOVERNING BODIES

ACDM Working Group Priority Activities Output Indicators

Programme
Risk Assessment and Awareness

Co‐Chairs: Cambodia and Philippines 1 Aware 43 7 3

Members: Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar,

Vietnam

Prevention and Mitigation 1 Aware 24 4 5

Co‐Chairs: Lao PDR and Thailand 3 Advance 20 4 3

Members: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, 4 Protect 31 5 3

Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam

Preparedness and Response 6 Respond as 49 6 5

One
Co‐Chairs: Malaysia and Singapore

Members: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Lao 28 3 4

PDR, Philippines, Thailand 6 Equip

Recovery

Co‐Chairs: Indonesia and Myanmar 7 Recover 31 4 3

Members: Brunei Darussalam, Lao PDR,

Philippines, Thailand

Knowledge and Innovations Management

Co‐Chairs: Indonesia, Singapore, Viet Nam 8 Lead 35 3 2

Members: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,

Thailand

Total 8 261 36 28
Table 1: ACDM Working Groups and 8 Priority Programmes

18 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

 ASEAN
ASEAN Common Frameworks

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

ASEAN COMMON FRAMEWORKS
ASEAN Common
Frameworks
One ASEAN, One Response
The “One ASEAN, One Response” vision was
developed to build upon the collective ASEAN
community during the ASEAN Ministerial
Meeting on Disaster Management (AMMDM)
in December 2015. ASEAN Member States
endorsed the draft “Declaration on One ASEAN,
One Response: ASEAN Responding to Disasters
as One in the Region and Outside the Region”.
This declaration was fully adopted in September
2016. The vision of “One ASEAN, One Response”
is for ASEAN Member States to coordinate
a collective effort in mobilizing resources for
an ASEAN response, as part of international
assistance from assisting Member States, the
private sector, Civil Society Organisations
(CSOs), and the Red Cross and Red Crescent
Movement.30 The Declaration aims for faster
response, mobilizing greater resources, and
establishing a robust coordination mechanist
for ASEAN to have a collective response. The
Declaration focuses on binding the individual
and collective strengths of different sectors, as
well as with different stakeholders in ASEAN
to effectively respond to disasters. In addition,
the Declaration also encourages Member States
to provide civilian and military capabilities
to the ASEAN Standby Arrangements. Such
capabilities would be sent to disaster-affected
areas through the coordination of the AHA
Centre. Subsequently, the ASEAN SASOP is used
as a protocol under AADMER, which is the main
standard operating procedure to be used for
mobilization of civilian and military response.31
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Management and Emergency
Response (AADMER)
AADMER was signed by all 10 Member States
in 2005, and entered into force in 2009. The
agreement envisions disaster resilient nations
and safer communities in the ASEAN region.
One of the two objectives in AADMER is “to
jointly respond to disaster emergencies”. 32 The
ACDM developed the AADMER through a
20 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
series of meetings following the 2004 Indonesian
earthquake and tsunami. The ACDM was
concerned by the increasing frequency and scale
of disasters in the ASEAN region and the short-
term and long-term damage. The AADMER was
created to give effect to the ASEAN Regional
Programme on Disaster Management 2004-
2010, which called for the implementation of
various project proposals including the ASEAN
Response Action Plan. The AADMER includes
the following sections:33
• General Provisions;
• Disaster Risk Identification, Assessment and
Monitoring;
• Disaster Prevent and Mitigation;
• Disaster Preparedness;
• Emergency Response;
• Rehabilitation;
• Technical Cooperation and Scientific
Research;
• ASEAN Coordination Centre for
Humanitarian Assistance;
• Institutional Arrangements;
• Procedures; and
• Final Clauses.
ASEAN Vision 2025
ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together
The Declaration on ASEAN 2025: Forging
Ahead Together is the succeeding document to
the Roadmap for an ASEAN Community (2009-
2015). This Declaration is made up of the ASEAN
Community Vision 2025 which includes the
Political-Security Community Blueprint 2025,
the ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint
2025 and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
Blueprint 2025 and was established and signed
by all 10 Member State heads in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia on November 22, 2015. It uses the
UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
as a complementary document aligning goals,
priorities and agendas to drive the plan.34
There is a complementariness between the
ASEAN Community Vision 2025 (ASEAN
Vision 2025) and the United Nations 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030
Agenda). ASEAN Member States underlined
the complementarity of these two agendas
in their efforts to improve the standards of
living in the region. An Analysis report was
created to review the two interrelated agendas.
The Report “Complementarities between the
ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and the
United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development: A Framework for Action” was
completed in 2017. The report describes that
ASEAN Member States have made notable
progress in promoting economic, social and
environmental advancement. However, in order
to maintain this progress and to meet the Vision
2025 and the 2030 Agenda, ASEAN countries
will need to accelerate efforts. The report
identifies five priority areas of complementarity
to help focus interventions and proposes seven
flagship initiatives that could support sustainable
development priorities. The five priority areas
include poverty eradication, infrastructure
and connectivity, sustainable management of
natural resources, sustainable production and
consumption, and resilience.35
The specifics of the individual components
of ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead Together are
detailed in the sections below.
ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint
The ASEAN Political-Security Community
(APSC) Blueprint was adopted at the 14th ASEAN
Summit. It builds on the ASEAN Security
Community Plan of Action, the Vientiane
Action Programme, and other relevant decisions
by ASEAN Sectoral Bodies. It provided a plan
and schedule to establish the APSC by 2015
and beyond. It is an action oriented document
to produce results and recognize the capacity
and capability of ASEAN Member States
to accommodate the specific actions in the
Blueprint and integrate those activities into the
respective national development plans.
The ASEAN Political-Security Community
Council is responsible for the implementation
and coordination of efforts of the Blueprint
across other Community Councils. Progress
of the implementation of the Blueprint is
reported annually by the Secretary-General
of ASEAN to the annual ASEAN Summit
and through the APSC Council. The primary
aim of the Blueprint is for the APCS to bring
ASEAN’s political and security cooperation
together. With the implementation of the
Blueprint, ASEAN also strives to promote and
support gender-mainstreaming, tolerance,
respect for diversity, equality, and mutual
understanding. Additionally, the APSC adheres
to a comprehensive approach to security
acknowledging combined relationships of
political, economic, social-cultural, and
environmental dimensions of development. It
promotes renunciation of aggression and threat
of force or action inconsistent to international
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
laws and peaceful settlement of disputes.
The APSC envisions the following three
characteristics:
• A rules based community of shared values
and norms;
• A cohesive, peaceful, stable and resilient
region with shared responsibility for
comprehensive security; and
• A dynamic and outward looking region in an
increasingly integrated and interdependent
world.36
ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint (2025)
The previous iteration of the ASEAN
Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint
2025 was the AEC 2015 which successfully
implemented its key initiatives including the
facilitation of trade and elimination of tariffs;
advancing the services trade liberalization
agenda; liberalizing and facilitating investments;
streamlining and harmonizing capital market
regulatory frameworks and platforms;
facilitating skilled labor mobility; promoting
the development of regional frameworks in
competition policy; consumer protection
and intellectual property rights; promoting
connectivity; narrowing the development gap;
and strengthening ASEAN’s relationship with its
external parties.
Subsequently, the AEC Blueprint 2025 was
initiated to address the evolving domestic
and external environments of the ASEAN
community.37 The AEC 2025 envisions the
following initiatives:
• Create a deeply integrated and highly
cohesive ASEAN economy that would
support sustained high economic growth and
resilience even in the face of global economic
shocks and volatilities;
• A more equitable/inclusive economic growth
in ASEAN that narrows the development
gap, eliminates/reduces poverty significantly,
sustains high growth rates of per capita
income, and maintains a rising middle class;
• Foster robust productivity growth through
innovation, technology and human resource
development, and intensified regional
research and development that is designed for
commercial application to increase ASEAN’s
competitive edge in moving the region up the
global value chains into higher technology
and knowledge-intensive manufacturing and
services industries;
• Promote the principles of good governance,
transparency, and responsive regulatory
regimes through active engagement with
21
ASEAN COMMON FRAMEWORKS
the private sector, community based
organizations, and other stakeholders.
• Widen ASEAN people-to-people,
institutional, and infrastructure connectivity
through ASEAN and sub-regional
cooperation projects that facilitate movement
of capital as well as skilled labor and talents.
• Create a more dynamic and resilient ASEAN,
capable of responding and adjusting to
emerging challenges through robust national
and regional mechanisms that address food
and energy security issues, natural disasters,
economic shocks and other emerging trade-
related issues as well as global mega trends;
• Incorporate a sustainable growth agenda that
promotes a science-based use of, and support
for, green technology and energy;
• Promote the use of the ASEAN Protocol on
Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism
(EDSM) and develop other approaches to
speed up economic dispute resolution;
• Reinforce ASEAN centrality in the
emerging regional economic architecture by
maintaining ASEAN’s role as the center and
facilitator of economic integration in the East
Asian region; and
• Work towards a common position and
enhance ASEAN’s role and voice in global
economic foray.38
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint
The initial ASEAN Socio-Cultural
Community (ASCC) Blueprint was implemented
from 2009-2015 to formally commit to the
quality of life and promote the sustainable
development of the people of ASEAN.
The Blueprint was effective in developing
and strengthening policy frameworks and
institutions to advance Human Development,
Social Justice and Rights, Social Protection and
Welfare, Environmental Sustainability, ASEAN
Awareness, and Narrowing the Development Gap
of the region. Additionally, the ASCC assisted in
solidifying the commitment to legal frameworks
for progress such as the Declaration on Non-
Communicable Diseases in ASEAN and the
Declaration on Elimination of Violence Against
Women and Elimination of Violence Against
Children in ASEAN.
The subsequent Blueprint, the ASCC 2025,
continues these strides as well as aims to deliver
and fully realize human development, resiliency
and sustainable development into the future.39
The ASCC 2025 vision for the ASEAN
Community has the following objectives:
• A committed, participative and socially
responsible community through an
22 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
accountable and inclusive mechanism for the
benefit of all ASEAN peoples, upheld by the
principles of good governance;
• An inclusive community that promotes
high quality of life, equitable access to
opportunities for all and promotes and
protects human rights of women, children,
youth, the elderly/older persons, persons with
disabilities, migrant workers, and vulnerable
and marginalized groups.
• A sustainable community that promotes
social development and environmental
protection through effective mechanisms
to meet the current and future needs of the
peoples;
• A resilient community with enhanced
capacity and capability to adapt and respond
to social and economic vulnerabilities;
disasters, climate change as well as emerging
threats, and challenges; and
• A dynamic and harmonious community that
is aware and proud of its identity, culture,
and heritage with the strengthened ability to
innovate and proactively contribute to the
global community.40
AHA Centre Work Plan 2020
The AHA Centre’s initiative to develop the
AHA Centre Work Plan 2020 came from the
need to prioritize and establish long-term
sustainability, and to shift into an organization
that is built upon systems, processes, capacities
and resources strong enough to deliver its
vision and mission. The AHA Centre Work
Plan 2020 refers to and makes direct linkage to
key documents including the ASEAN Vision
2025 on Disaster Management, the AADMER
Work Programme 2016-2020, and the ASEAN
Declaration on One ASEAN One Response.
Results from various studies, audits, reports,
lessons learned, mapping exercises, and the
AHA Centre’s after-action reviews aided in
the development of the AHA Centre Work
Plan 2020. It will be regularly reviewed and
updated under the guidance of the AHA Centre’s
Governing Board and the AHA Centre is
responsible for the overall implementation of all
key activities under the Work Plan. The AHA
Centre Work Plan 2020 seeks to carry out the
vision and mission through the implementation
of the following four (4) priorities and
subsequent key activities in the Work Plan:41
• Preparedness and Response
• Capacity Building & Knowledge Management
• Resource Mobilisation & Communications
• Management & Administration
 ASEAN
ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms
Related to HADR
Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR

ASEAN Tools and

Such tools include the ASEAN Secretariat, the
ADMER Fund, and the ASEAN Development
Fund as depicted in red to the right in Figure

Mechanisms Related to 3. The ASEAN Secretariat is discussed earlier

in this handbook on page 15. In addition to the
above mentioned ASEAN related tools (ASEAN

HADR Secretariat, ADMER Fund, and the ADF),

Multiple ASEAN bodies, tools, and
mechanisms work together to increase
coordination and response within the Member
States. These are key elements of ASEAN
response.42
there are also additional tools as shown in blue
to the left in Figure . These tools include the
AHA Centre Fund, the ASEAN ERAT, ARDEX,
AJDRP, DELSA, DMRS, EOC, JOCCA, SASOP,
AMRG, ACMM, and the Logistic Support
Framework. DMRS and EOC are discussed in the
Information Sharing section of this handbook in

The text describes

the tools and
mechanisms in the
order of the figure
and not in the order
of importance.

Figure 3: ASEAN Related Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR

24 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

which we identify ASEAN information systems
and platforms. The rest are described in the
following section.
Tools
ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency
Relief (ADMER) Fund
The ASEAN Disaster Management
and Emergency Relief Fund (ADMER) is
administered by the ASEAN Secretariat and
was established for the implementation of
the AADMER. The ADMER Fund supports
the implementation of the AADMER Work
Programme, for response in emergencies in
ASEAN Member States. The fund also supports
operational activities of AHA Centre.43
ASEAN Development Fund (ADF)
Established in July 2005, the ASEAN
Development Fund (ADF) serves as ASEAN’s
common pool of financial resources to provide
leverage for regional cooperation projects and
programs from partners and donors. The ADF
supports small and short-term projects that have
a strategic nature for ASEAN.44
AHA Centre Fund
The AHA Centre is funded by mandatory
annual contributions from all ASEAN Member
States. This mandate is a stipulation of the
Agreement on the Establishment of the AHA
Centre and covers its operations. Supplemental
support can be mobilized from additional
resources as necessary. The AHA Centre can
also utilize ADMER Funds to which Member
States and other Parties can voluntarily
contribute. The AHA Centre is physically
located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Therefore, the
Government of Indonesia provides support for
the administrative office space. Additionally, the
AHA Centre receives both financial and in-kind
assistance from its dialogue partners including
Australia, Japan, New Zealand, U.S., and the
E.U.45
ASEAN Emergency Response Assessment Team
(ASEAN-ERAT)
The ASEAN Emergency Response Assessment
Team was first formed as a response for requests
for daily situation updates following the Cyclone
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
Nargis event in Myanmar in May 2008 which left
140,000 dead or missing and adversely affected
approximately 2.4 million people. The resulting
mission report was delivered in a Special
ASEAN Foreign Minister’s meeting providing
key findings involving humanitarian access,
logistics, shelter, water, health, food security and
education following the disaster and solidifying
the need for this functionality. In March 2010,
the AADMER Work Programme was formally
adopted finalizing guidelines for the Deployment
of ASEAN-ERAT and specific training for
volunteers. In November 2011, the AHA Centre
took management of the ASEAN-ERAT. The
"One ASEAN One Response" Declaration is
affirmed by the role ASEAN –ERAT plays to
manage and coordinate disaster response to the
region as the official ASEAN resource under
AADMER.
ASEAN-ERAT was designed to provide
rapid response to disaster events affecting any of
the ASEAN Member States. Their role includes
support to emergency logistics, communications,
and coordination on behalf of the affected states.
The Team consists of individuals that have
experience and have been trained in responding
to disaster incidents in the region. The function
of the ASEAN-ERAT is to support the Disaster
Management Office (NDMO) of the disaster
affected Member States in the initial phases of
the disaster. There are currently more than 200
ASEAN-ERAT members ready to respond to
major disasters in the ASEAN region.
In order to be activated, ASEAN-ERAT must
confirm there is a need for deployment, then
selected team members will be mobilized within
eight hours of notification. All team members
are prepared to be deployed in position for a
minimum of two weeks.46 Figure 4 depicts the
ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure. Photo 4
depicts the ASEAN ERAT Team on the ground
in response to Typhoon Damrey in Vietnam in
November 2017.
ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response
Simulation Exercise (ARDEX)
The ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency
Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX), is a
full-scale simulation exercise that tests, practices,
and evaluates ASEAN’s emergency response
and disaster management mechanisms. The
latest iteration of ARDEX was in 2018. It is
conducted every two years, to test regional
processes and capabilities. The scenario changes
25
ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR
Figure 4: ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization Procedure
depending on the regional priorities and the
need to test specific emergency procedures.
ARDEX is co-organized by the AHA Centre,
and the Host Country is the co-chair alongside
the AHA Centre.47 It is a multi-day field
simulation event where they generate practical
inputs for the effective implementation of
AADMER, with a focus on using the ASEAN
Standby Arrangements and Standard Operating
Procedures (SASOP).48 ARDEX 18' was
attended by over 100 delegates from the ASEAN
Member States as well as partner nations such as
Australia, Canada, the E.U., Great Britain, Japna,
New Zealand, Norway, Russian Federation,
Switzerland, and the U.S.49
ARDEX-16 provided an opportunity to
practice, evaluate and review the ASEAN SASOP,
including the newly-endorsed Chapter VI of
the SASOP. Chapter VI on the Facilitation and
Utilisation of Military Assets and Capacities
has been included as an integral part of SASOP
since 2016. Chapter VI provides information
and instruction to the role of the affected state,
the role of the state’s military, the use of military
assets, guidelines for medical assistance, military-
to-military coordination, and military-to-civilian
coordination, among others.50
26 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
In addition to testing the SASOP, ARDEX-16
also tested regional response mechanisms, the
ASEAN-ERAT, the AJDRP, the JOCCA, the
ASEAN-UN interoperability in field operation,
and the ARDEX Handbook. It was also an
opportunity to test these mechanisms in relation
to Brunei Darussalam’s National SOP.51 More
information on the SASOP and additional
information about ASEAN-UN interoperability
is located on page 28.
ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP)
The ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP) is one component of the “One ASEAN,
One Response” strategy, that was adopted by
the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster
Management (AMMDM) in October 2014.52 The
purpose of the AJDRP is to provide a common
framework to deliver a timely, at-scale, and
joint response through mobilization of required
assets and capacities. It applies primarily during
preparedness and response phases. This will be
achieved through the following objectives:53
• Increasing the SPEED of the ASEAN
response by supporting ASEAN Member
States in making timely and informed
decisions;
Photo 4: ASEAN-ERAT Team
• Expanding the SCALE of the ASEAN
response by strengthening the ASEAN
Standby Arrangements; and
• Enhancing the SOLIDARITY of the ASEAN
response by strengthening coordination and
cooperation among ASEAN Member States,
ASEAN partners, and other humanitarian
actors.
The AJDRP utilizes the working arrangements
of all ASEAN’s mechanisms in anticipating a
disaster situation and to strengthen engagement
with other sectors and stakeholders. It also seeks
to identify standby resources in the form of
assets, experts, and other response capacities,
including from the private sector, civil society
organizations, and military resources, as part of
the ASEAN Standby Arrangements.54
ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise
(ARF DiREx)
The ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief
Exercise (ARF DiREx) is held every two years
opposite to ARDEX. ARF DiREx 2015 was the
third multilateral tabletop and field exercise
conducted to test the implementation of regional
arrangements, international agreements, and
local disaster management and relief operations.
It was co-chaired by Malaysia and China and
continued the progress made by previously
held ARF DiRExs held in 2009, 2011, and 2013.
The main focus of ARF DiREx 2015 was to
test the civil-military coordination efforts, and
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
synchronize efforts towards supporting the
effective implementation of the AADMER as the
common platform for disaster management of
the region.55
Disaster Emergency Response Logistic System
for ASEAN (DELSA)
The Disaster Emergency Logistics System for
ASEAN (DELSA) was launched on December
7, 2012 to develop a regional relief stockpile
of items needed for emergency and disaster
support as well as to support capacity logistic
operations for the AHA Centre and ASEAN
Member States. DELSA focuses on three
main elements including: regional emergency
stockpiles, institutional capacity building, and
communication and awareness.
The Government of Japan (Japan-
ASEAN (JAIF) funds and supports DELSA’s
establishment and operations. The AHA Centre
works with the World Food Program (WFP) on
logistics and technical aspects of the program
as well as with NDMOs of the ASEAN Member
States to distribute relief supplies to countries
affected by disaster as needed to support disaster
management and response.56
The WFP and the United Nations
Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD)
stockpiles supplies in a warehouse in Subang,
Malaysia. ASEAN Member States can access the
DELSA relief goods immediately in response
to a disaster. In the event of an emergency, the
AHA Centre coordinates with NDMOs of the
27
ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR
affected Member States to distribute relief goods
to countries affected by disaster and support the
emergency response efforts as needed.
DELSA also contributes to building the
capacity of the AHA Centre and Member States
through the AHA Centre Executive (ACE)
Program. The ACE Program is a 6 month
training of disaster management officers across
the region to improve the knowledge base and
disaster management skills as well as familiarize
them with DELSA protocol and procedures of
relief distribution and overall preparedness and
response training.
A DELSA Catalogue was launched in March
2016 to catalogue the available stockpiles
of relief goods housed in the warehouse.
The commodities and equipment housed
in the facility were compiled based on
recommendations from previous AHA Centre
emergency responses and prioritized by items
suited to the first phase of emergency responses
addressing the needs of the communities as
well as provide support to the affected NDMOs.
Additionally, the AHA Centre identified different
relief items for various types of emergencies and
hazard events; identifying the most common
needs for particular types of disasters.
DELSA resources can also be resourced and
mobilized prior to a response phase. However,
DELSA response and allocations must follow the
AADMER and SASOP procedures to coordinate
deployment to disaster affected Member States
and must go through the proper channels of
delivery.57
Joint Operations and Coordination Centre of
ASEAN (JOCCA)
Depending on the scale of the disaster, the
ASEAN-ERAT when deployed will establish
the Joint Operations And Coordination Centre
of ASEAN (JOCCA). On the ground, this is a
place where ASEAN response entities converge
and coordinate. The JOCCA is linked to United
Nation’s Onsite Operations and Coordination
Centre (OSOCC). The JOCCA and OSOCC are
both coordinating platforms that report directly
to the NDMO of the affected country.58
SASOP
ASEAN Member States signed the previously
mentioned AADMER in 2005, which sought
to provide effective mechanisms to achieve
substantial reduction of disaster losses, and
jointly respond to disaster efforts through
28 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
regional and international cooperation. To
ensure preparedness for the most efficient and
effective response, the AADMER required
the establishment of a Standard Operating
Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements
and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and
Emergency Response Operations (SASOP).59
The SASOP provides guidance for a Member
State to request disaster assistance. It states
that there should be a report prepared and
submitted to the AHA Centre in regards to the
provision of assistance. Prior to a disaster, the
Affected State should have developed a national
disaster plan through its National Focal Point
(NFP). The Affected State will exercise authority
for the overall direction and coordination of
disaster response. The NFP through its Local
Emergency Management Authority (LEMA) will
activate or establish an Emergency Operation
Centre (EOC). The EOC should be the focal
point for coordinating all national relief efforts
including international assistance. A Multi-
National Coordination Centre (MNCC) could
be established by the Affected State’s military as
a coordinating platform. The structure enables
military-to-military operational coordination
with multinational forces.60
SASOP provides the principal operating
procedures for increasing readiness to respond
and for coordination during emergencies. The
SASOP provides the following: 61
• The guides and templates to initiate the
establishment of the ASEAN Standby
Arrangements for Disaster Relief and
Emergency Response;
• The procedures for joint disaster relief and
emergency response operations;
• The procedures for the facilitation and
utilization of military and civilian assets and
capacities; and
• The methodology for the periodic conduct
of the ASEAN regional disaster emergency
response simulation exercises (ARDEX)
which shall test the effectiveness of the
SASOP.
The SASOP is tested at ARDEX. For example,
the objective of ARDEX-16 was to provide an
opportunity to practice, evaluate and review the
ASEAN SASOP, including the newly-endorsed
Chapter VI of the SASOP. Beginning in 2016,
Chapter VI on the Facilitation and Utilisation of
Military Assets and Capacities has been included
as an integral part of SASOP. Chapter VI
discusses in detail the role of the affected state,
the role of the state’s military, the use of military
assets, guidelines for medical assistance, military-
to-military coordination, and military-to-civilian
coordination, among others.62
In addition to testing the SASOP, ARDEX-16
also tested regional response mechanisms,
the ASEAN-ERAT, the AJDRP, the JOCCA,
the ASEAN-UN interoperability in field
operation, and the ARDEX Handbook. The
SASOP details the need for designation of focal
points, earmarking of military and civilian
assets and capacities, identification of network
of pre-designated areas, and mobilization and
demobilization of assistance. The most recent
ARDEX was held in Indonesia in 2018 and is
discussed in the previous section on page 26,
detailing ASEAN exercises.63
There are also other specific procedures that
should be utilized together with SASOP, such
as the ASEAN-ERAT Guidelines, JOCCA SOP,
ARDEX Handbook, and TOR and Operational
Procedure of SG-AHAC.64The Operational
Procedure of SG-AHAC is important.
Collaboration and interoperability between
the Secretary-General of ASEAN in his/her
capacity as the ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance
Coordinator (AHAC) and the United Nations
Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian
Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC)
is essential to ensure strategic and operational
coherence. The ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan
of Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM)
is also an important plan for ASEAN and
UN partners working together. Additional
information on the ASEAN-United JSPADM
can be found in the ASEAN Documents, Plans,
Programs, and Projects section of this Handbook
on page 43.
ASEAN Militaries Ready Group (AMRG)
The ASEAN Militaries Ready Group (AMRG)
works to strengthen the coordination of joint
services of the various Member States working
under ASEAN at a multilateral level. They take
into account the existing regional response
mechanism as coordinated by the AHA Centre.
The AMRG, if needed, will assign liaison officers
to the AHA Centre’s EOC. This allows them
to support in the coordination with ASEAN
Member States militaries, and another military
liaison officer that would be assigned to the
capital of the affected Member State. They
would also participate in the Multinational
Coordination Centre (MNCC) and assist with
coordinating military resources from assisting
ASEAN Member States.65
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine (ACMM)
The ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine
(ACMM) has a mission to establish practical,
effective, and sustainable cooperation among
military medical services of ASEAN Member
States and Plus Countries. This mission is
during normal and crisis situations. The
ACMM coordinates and cooperates with the
military medical services during humanitarian
operations. The ACCMM also works in
partnership with international organizations
to support all areas of military medical
collaboration.66
Logistics Support Framework
The defense sector of ASEAN, through the
ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM)
and ADMM-Plus mechanism developed the
ASEAN Militaries’ Logistic Support Framework.
The Logistics Support Framework enhances
ASEAN’s capacity and develops capabilities to
enhance operational effectiveness in addressing
non-traditional security challenges.67
Mechanisms
In addition to ASEAN related tools, there are
also mechanisms related to HADR response.
They include ACDM, JTF-HADR, AMMDM &
AADMER COP, ADMM, CPR, TWG-CMIC,
SOMHD, EAS, ASEAN Summit, ASEAN Chair,
ACC, ADMM-Plus, SOM, ADSOM, SOMSWD,
and ARF as seen in yellow in the previous Figure
(Figure 3). The ACDM was discussed previously
in the ASEAN Governing Bodies section earlier
in this Handbook on page 17. While all the
mechanisms are important, the following section
will specifically discuss JTF-HADR, AMMDM,
EAS, ASEAN Chair, ADMM-Plus, and ARF.
Joint Task Force for HADR (JTF-HADR)
The Joint Task Force for Humanitarian
Assistance and Disaster Response (JTF-HADR)
was created in 2014 to promote synergy between
ASEAN bodies on HADR also known as ASEAN
HADR mechanisms. The JTF-HADR involves
the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM); ASEAN
Defence Senior Officials Meeting (ADSOM);
Senior Officials Meeting on Health Development
(SOMHD); and Senior Officials Meeting on
Social Welfare Development (SOMSWD),
representing ministries from Foreign Affairs,
Military/ Defence, Health, and Social Welfare.
29
ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR
Each of these sectors are important when
providing humanitarian assistance to the disaster
affected Member State(s).68
ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster
Management (AMMDM)
The ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Disaster
Management (AMMDM) was first held on
December 7, 2004 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
The first AMMDM produced the mandate
given to the ASEAN Committee on Disaster
Management (ACDM) to start the negotiation of
the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management
and Emergency Response (AADMER). During
that initial meeting, an agreement was also
reached in which the ASEAN Day for Disaster
Management (ADDM) would convene annually,
jointly with the International Day for Disaster
Reduction (IDDR).69
Being a ministerial level group, the AMMDM
oversees the ACDM within the ASEAN Socio-
Cultural Community. The ministerial body is
necessary when facilitating dialogue between
ministries that oversee disaster management
programming, as well as with other ministerial
level bodies.70
Objectives of the AMMDM:
• Promote synergy of efforts with other
ASEAN ministerial bodies to accelerate
well-coordinated, more robust and faster
collective response to ASEAN’s disasters, and
to realize the building of disaster resilient and
safer communities to reduce disaster losses in
the region, using AADMER as the regional
policy backbone and common platform to
maintain ASEAN’s Centrality;
• Promote engagement with ASEAN-related
mechanisms, in particular the East Asia
Summit (EAS) Foreign Ministers Meeting,
the ASEAN Defense Ministerial Meeting
(ADMM) Plus, the ASEAN Regional Forum
(ARF) and the APEC Senior Disaster
Management Officials Forum, while
maintaining ASEAN’s Centrality;
• Promote cooperation in disaster management
with ASEAN Dialogue Partners, international
organizations and other partners and
stakeholders, and promote ASEAN’s
leadership and shared vision in the area of
disaster management in relevant multilateral
fora.
30 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Mandate and Functions of the AMMDM:
• Ensure effective implementation of relevant
directives, agreements and decisions deriving
from the ASEAN Summits, the relevant
strategic objectives of the ASEAN Socio-
Cultural Community (ASCC) Blueprint
and other relevant action lines pertinent
to advancement of disaster management
cooperation in ASEAN;
• Recommend and adopt policies, measures
and strategies for regional cooperation in
disaster management;
• Provide guidance to the ACDM to formulate
work programs, strategies and priorities to
strengthen regional cooperation in disaster
management, and monitor and review its
implementation;
• Work with other ASEAN sectoral ministerial
bodies and ASEAN-related mechanisms to
ensure coordination and synergy of efforts in
areas related to disaster management;
• Promote collaboration with external parties,
including ASEAN Dialogue Partners,
international organizations and other
relevant partners and stakeholders, to
advance regional cooperation in disaster
management; and
• Adopt ASEAN’s common positions on
disaster management issues in preparation
for international meetings and conferences,
and promote ASEAN’s leadership and shared
vision in in relevant multilateral fora.71
East Asia Summit (EAS)
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a meeting held
annually, where regional strategic cooperation is
addressed. Discussion at EAS includes ongoing
challenges and opportunities for the region. It
consists of the 10 ASEAN Member States, as well
as Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand,
Russia, South Korea, and the United States.
The EAS has had steady engagement in disaster
management since its inception, and in 2009 the
members signed the Cha-am Hua Hin Statement
on EAS Disaster Management. The Statement
confirmed AADMERS support for disaster
response groups and mechanisms, such as the
AHA Centre, SASOP, and ARDEX. In addition,
they created the EAS Rapid Response Toolkit to
assist with disaster managing response.72
East Asia Summit Rapid Disaster Response
Toolkit
The Rapid Disaster Response Toolkit was
adopted by the East Asia Summit in 2015. The
toolkit provides key contact information for
officials in each EAS participating country,
a reference guide for disaster management
decision makers, and a rapid disaster response
arrangements for each EAS country. It also
provides the necessary procedures and
mechanisms to support a collective response
supporting the affected Member State in the EAS
region, including ASEAN.73
ASEAN Chair
The ACDM has a Chair and a Vice Chair
which are rotated annually between the 10
Member States, in alphabetical order, per article
31 of the ASEAN Charter.74 During their time as
Chair, each country identifies the annual theme
and sets priorities for the year. However, due to
the short time as Chair, issues arise due to lack of
continuity.75
The 2019 Chair is Thailand, and they
are focusing on advancing partnership for
sustainability. This theme has three main
components; advancing technology, partnership,
and sustainability.76 Each year, the Chair is
responsible for identifying the theme and setting
the priorities for the chairmanship.77
The 2018 ASEAN Chair was Singapore, with
the vision of ‘Resilient and Innovative’. The idea
behind the 2018 Chairmanship was to unite
in order to face the uncertainties in the global
strategic landscape. The 2018 Chair aimed to
be make ASEAN adaptive, in order to manage
challenges in disruptive technologies, equip
citizens with skills to help ASEAN thrive, and to
boost capabilities to make cities smarter.78
ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) and
ADMM Plus
The ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting
(ADMM) was first established in 2006. Per the
ASEAN Security Community (ASC) Plan of
Action, adopted at the 10th ASEAN Summit,
the meeting is required to convene annually.
ADMM is the highest defense consultative and
cooperative mechanism in ASEAN and it aims
to promote mutual trust and confidence through
greater understanding of defense and security
challenges. It also works on the enhancement of
transparency and openness.
The Concept Paper for the Establishment of an
ADMM establishes the objectives of the ADMM.
These were outlined in the Inaugural ADMM in
2006, and include:
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
• To promote regional peace and stability
through dialogue and cooperation in defense
and security;
• To give guidance to existing senior
defense and military officials dialogue and
cooperation in the field of defense and
security within ASEAN and between ASEAN
and dialogue partners;
• To promote mutual trust and confidence
through greater understanding of defense and
security challenges as well as enhancement of
transparency and openness; and
• To contribute to the establishment of an
ASEAN Security Community (ASC) as
stipulated in the Bali Concord II and to
promote the implementation of the Vientiane
Action Programme (VAP) on ASC.79
ADMM Plus
The Inaugural ADMM-Plus was convened
in 2010. It is a platform for ASEAN Member
States and the eight Dialogue Partners (Australia,
China, India, Japan, New Zealand, ROK, Russian
Federation, and the United States) to strengthen
security, defense cooperation for peace, stability,
and development in the ASEAN region.
There are five areas of practical cooperation
to pursue under this mechanism, to include
maritime security, counter-terrorism,
humanitarian assistance and disaster relief,
peacekeeping operations and military medicine.
In order to facilitate cooperation on these
areas, Experts’ Working Groups (EWGs) were
established. Additional priorities have been
added, such as EWG on Humanitarian Mine
Action (HMA), and the EWG on Cyber Security.
Chairmanship of the ADMM-Plus shall follow
the Chairmanship of the ADMM.
Objectives
The objectives of the ADMM-Plus are:
• To benefit ASEAN member countries in
building capacity to address shared security
challenges, while cognizant of the differing
capacities of various ASEAN countries;
• To promote mutual trust and confidence
between defense establishments through
greater dialogue and transparency;
• To enhance regional peace and stability
through cooperation in defense and security,
in view of the transnational security
challenges the region faces;
• To contribute to the realization of an ASEAN
Security Community which, as stipulated
31
ASEAN Tools and Mechanisms Related to HADR
in the Bali Concord II, embodies ASEAN’s
aspiration to achieve peace, stability,
democracy and prosperity in the region
where ASEAN member countries live at
peace with one another and with the world at
large;
• To facilitate the implementation of the
Vientiane Action Programme, which calls
for ASEAN to build a peaceful, secure and
prosperous ASEAN, and to adopt greater
outward-looking external relation strategies
with our friends and Dialogue Partners.
The ADMM-Plus has become an effective
platform for cooperation between the
participating countries’ defense establishments.
The Principles for Membership to ADMM-
Plus process are:
• The Plus country shall be a full-fledged
Dialogue Partner of ASEAN;
• The Plus country shall have significant
interactions and relations with ASEAN
defense establishment; and
• The Plus country shall be able to work with
the ADMM to build capacity so as to enhance
regional security in a substantive way in
order to promote capacity-building in the
region in the fields of defense and security.
• Countries under ADMM-Plus are the ten
ASEAN Member States, and eight Plus
countries; Australia, China, India, Japan, New
Zealand, ROK, Russian Federation, and the
United States.80
ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting Plus Experts’
Working Group on HADR
The ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting-
Plus Experts’ Working Group on Humanitarian
Assistance and Disaster Response (ADMM-Plus
EWG on HADR) is a critical platform for the
implementation of "One ASEAN One Response".
It helps achieve faster response, mobilize greater
resources, and establish stronger coordination
to ensure ASEAN’s collective response to
disasters.81 From 2017 to 2019, the third cycle of
the ADMM-Plus EWG on HADR is taking place,
and it is being co-chaired by Malaysia and the
United States (U.S.). In addition the Work Plan
supports the collaboration of key military and
civilian regional response stakeholders towards
the implementation of "One ASEAN, One
Response".82
32 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
The ASEAN Regional Forum is a broad-based
political and security cooperation platform.
It aims to create constructive dialogue on
issues of interest on ASEAN Member States;
however, the ARF membership goes beyond
the ASEAN Member States. ARF is composed
by 27 members, including the European
Union, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China,
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,
India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mongolia,
New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,
Russia, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, and the United
States. The ARF opens up dialoged between
its members during their annual meeting. It
also has a regional bi-annual disaster response
exercise, which incorporates the 10 ASEAN
Member States with its 17 partners. The ARF
focuses on security issues, as well as civil-military
coordination issues.83
ARF Work Plan for Disaster Relief
The 2018-2020 Disaster Relief Work Plan
identifies the Priority Areas for ARF disaster
management. It also separates ARF’s role from
other efforts in the area. The priority areas
of the work plan are related to those in the
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management
and Emergency Response (AADMER) Work
Programme 2016-2020. The priority areas
are: i) promote networking and information
sharing to enhance the capability of ARF
participants for disaster management; ii)
promote rapid deployment and acceptance of
assistance in HADR operations;’ and iii) promote
interoperability and civil-military coordination
in HADR operations.84
ARF Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief
The 17th ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
Inter-Sessional Meeting on Disaster Relief was
held in 2018. It was attended by 80 participants,
including delegates from 21 countries out of the
27 ARF Member States. In addition, relevant
international organizations attended the meeting.
The Republic of Korea and Thailand served
as co-chairs of the Inter-Sessional Meeting on
Disaster Relief in 2017 and 2018. The meeting is
held annually and it is used as a forum to discuss
disaster relief topics. The latest meeting discussed
the efforts to build “a society safe from disasters”.
In addition, the co-chair shared respective
policies, strategies, institutions, experiences,
and specific relevant cases regarding disaster
response.85
 ASEAN
ASEAN Member Countries

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES
ASEAN Member
Countries
The disaster impacts in one ASEAN country
can often have a wider impact and effect other
ASEAN countries. Additionally, disasters in one
country can have the potential to disrupt trade
and economic growth in the entire region.86
The majority of the ASEAN Member State’s
national disaster risk management frameworks
meet the AADMER requirements relating to
disaster preparedness and response. The AHA
Centre has assisted ASEAN Member States in
responding to seventeen disasters, ranging in
Figure 5: Impact of Natural Disasters on the ASEAN Region
34 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
scale from medium to large-scale. In the event of
a disaster or imminent threat, the AHA Centre
will deploy personnel, as the In-Country Liaison
Team (ICLT), to coordinate closely with the
NDMO. If required and with the consent of the
affected Member State, the AHA Centre will also
mobilize the ASEAN-ERAT to support NDMO
operations. This is to increase the preparedness
and response, as well as ensure quick delivery
of humanitarian assistance through the
ASEAN Standby Arrangements and/or other
mechanisms.87
Figure 5 shows the impact of Natural Disasters
in the ASEAN region in 2018, including the
economic impact. The Figure points out that
from 2017-2018, in just 1 year, the population
affected by disasters has more than doubled.
Estimated costs of damages have also increased.
ASEAN is made up of 10 countries (Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam) as seen in Figure 6.
Brunei Darussalam
Brunei joined ASEAN in 1984. Brunei
has benefited from the ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC). The AEC allows for the free
flow of goods, services, investments and skilled
labor, while facilitating the movement of capital
across the region.88 Economic integration is a
substantial opportunity for ASEAN Member
States because it will reduce barriers to trade and
the movement of capital and labor, which would
promote economic growth.89 The AEC aims at
creating a single market and production base,
and reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers. For
instance, tariffs on all building and construction
goods and products have been eliminated
for Brunei as well as other ASEAN Member
States including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
and the Philippines since 2010. Brunei, along
with the Philippines and Myanmar, are good
examples of the ASEAN Strategic Action Plan
for small and medium enterprises (SME)
Development 2016-25. This action plan has a
goal to promote entrepreneurship and human
capital development in the community. This puts
LAO PDR
MYANMAR
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
INDONESIA
Figure 6: Locations of ASEAN Member States
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
Brunei in the position of driving human capital
development to enable small enterprises.90
Disaster Risk
Brunei is made up of two small territories on
the northwest side of the island of Borneo. Due
to its location, Brunei is spared from natural
disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
and typhoons.91 However, the country is still
susceptible to floods, landslides, forest fires, air
pollution, and haze.92
National Institutional Framework
The National Disaster Management Centre
(NDMC) is the lead government agency for
disaster response in Brunei. In August 2006, the
Government of Brunei established the NDMC
under the Disaster Management Order (DMO).
The role of NDMC is to ensure the safety and
well-being of the people by encompassing all
aspects of disaster management. This includes
prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response
and recovery through policies, strategies and
practices which are guided by the international,
regional and national drivers. Prior to the
establishment of the NDMC, national response
to disasters was on an ad-hoc basis where
committees were formed to manage various
VIETNAM
PHILIPPINES
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
35
ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES
disasters.93 Brunei does not have a specific law
on disaster management. Instead, the Disaster
Management Order 2006 defines disaster
management. The NDMC has its responsibilities
and authority defined in this order.94 The DMO
predates the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Management and Emergency Response
(AADMER). AADMER’s entry into force
in December 2009 does not refer directly to
ASEAN. The NDMC is the national focal point
for the AHA Centre.95
Cambodia
Cambodia joined ASEAN in 1999. ASEAN
membership has meant that Singapore
companies investing in Cambodia can benefit
from various tariff reliefs and rely on the ASEAN
Comprehensive Investment Agreement for
protection of their investments. The Agreement
for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between
Singapore and Cambodia, has reduced the cost of
investing in Cambodia.96
Disaster Risk
Cambodia is at risk for experiencing
hazards such as floods, drought, heavy storms,
typhoons, fire incidents, and epidemics. Most
geographical regions of the country (i.e. Riverine
Central Plains, coastal ecosystems and Dangrek
mountain range in the north, and Cardamom
mountains in the southwest) are exposed to one
or more of these hazards.97 Cambodia is one
of the five countries located along the Mekong
River. During the monsoon season, Cambodia
experiences flash floods usually after heavy
rainfall.98
National Institutional Framework
Cambodia passed the Law on Disaster
Management (DM Law) in 2015. The DM Law
formalizes the National Committee for Disaster
Management (NCDM) as the headquarters of
the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC)
on disaster risk management. The day-to-day
operation of NCDM is governed by a Secretariat
General, focal points in line government
ministries, and Sub-National Committees for
Disaster Management down to the local level.
The AADMER and the AHA Centre are not
included in the DM Law or decrees because they
were each established under their own separate
agreements. The NCDM is the AHA Centre’s
national focal point.99
36 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Indonesia
Indonesia is one of the five original
members that established ASEAN in 1967. A
national workshop for the Development of the
ASEAN Regional Contingency Plan was held
in Indonesia in March 2018. A scenario was
developed in which a large scale earthquake
occurred, triggering a tsunami, and followed by
a secondary hazard event (an industrial accident
with HAZMAT handling).100
Disaster Risk
Indonesia faces many natural threats including
earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions,
flooding, and droughts. The country has
experienced an average of 290 significant natural
disasters annually over the last 30 years.101 This
includes the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami which
killed approximately 220,000 people across four
countries, 167,000 in Indonesia alone, and cost
an estimated US $10 billion in damages.102 The
8.5 earthquake in Aceh in April 2012, reaffirmed
the need for more serious and sustainable
efforts in setting up the disaster management
system. The disaster event caused congestion on
evacuation routes, early warning systems that
failed to reach the public quickly and accurately,
and a lack of available paths and accessible
evacuation sites when the tsunami warning was
issued.103
National Institutional Framework
In Indonesia, the National Disaster
Management Agency, known as BNPB (Badan
Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana) is the
primary agency responsible for coordinating
DM preparedness, response, prevention and
mitigation, and rehabilitation and recovery.
BNPB is the lead coordinating agency in disaster
response; this agency is responsible for preparing
for, directing and managing all aspects of disaster
management efforts.104 The country has the
Disaster Management Law 24/2007 (DM Law)
and a series of regulations. The DM Law predates
AADMER, and the later regulations concerning
international assistance do not relate to interstate
or ASEAN regional assistance. The BNPB is the
AHA Centre’s national focal point.105
Lao PDR
Lao PDR joined ASEAN in 1997. The ASEAN
region is often influenced by other nations by
offering investment, trade, and credit. There is a
need to strive for balance with ASEAN Member
States and major powers such as the U.S. and
China. This is especially important in regards to
issues like the South China Sea conflict. Many
ASEAN Member States such as Lao PDR try
to keep up with the balancing act. Lao PDR
relies on its neighboring ASEAN Member States
(Vietnam, and Thailand) for assistance. As a
result, Lao PDR is able to leverage on its relations
with neighboring states to project a foreign
policy posture towards China that is welcoming
and firm at the same time to protect its interests.
ASEAN members are often divided between
their ties with China and the U.S. because overall
there is a need for investment, particularly
infrastructure investment.106
Disaster Risk
The country is vulnerable to a wide range
of natural disasters. Flooding, flash floods,
severe storms, monsoons, and landslides are
prevalent in the country. Additionally, Lao PDR
is susceptible to droughts, earthquakes, and
epidemics with varying degrees of impact and
severity in different regions. Natural disasters
in the country have caused severe damage
to infrastructure, homes, irrigation systems,
bridges, roads, and agricultural land.107
National Institutional Framework
Policies related to disaster management have
mainly focused on providing emergency relief to
meet basic needs, such as food, water, and shelter.
As a result of the country being so focused
on basic needs, the country is less focused on
prevention and mitigation. The creation of the
National Disaster Management Committee
(NDMC) through the Prime Minister Decree
No. 158 (23 August 1999) was a significant event
in disaster management. The NDMC provides
recommendations and advice to the Prime
Minister and plays the lead role in ensuring
effective coordination related to all interventions
in the disaster cycle, including mitigation,
prevention, preparedness, response and recovery,
while applying a multi-hazard approach.108
The NDMC was renamed the National
Disaster Prevention and Control Committee
(NDPCC) by the Prime Minister’s (PM)
decree 373/PM in 2011. The National Disaster
Management Organization (NDMO) was
established in 1991 and was secretariat to the
National Committee until 2013. PM Decree
220/PM of 2013 then moved the Committee’s
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
Secretariat to the Department of Disaster
Management and Climate Change (DDMCC)
in the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment in order to integrate disaster and
climate risk. The new NDPCC and its Secretariat
DDMCC continue to share responsibilities with
the pre-existing NDMO in the Department
of Social Welfare, which also supports sub-
national disaster risk management structures.
These frameworks do not specifically address
AADMER or the AHA Centre. The NDMO is the
AHA Centre’s national focal point.109
Malaysia
Malaysia was one of the five original members
that established ASEAN in 1967. Many ASEAN
member countries have experienced collapses
of high-rise buildings due to poor construction
standards. According to the International Search
and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) of the
United Nations, Malaysia has Urban Search and
Rescue (USAR) teams that are trained according
to INSARAG guidelines and have operational
experience. For example, the Special Malaysian
Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART)
was seen in action at the West Sumatra Padang
Earthquake of 2009. It is important for ASEAN
countries to establish INSARAG-certified USAR
teams in all major cities. Unfortunately, only
Malaysia and Singapore have USAR teams that
are trained according to INSARAG guidelines
and have operational experience.110
Disaster Risk
Malaysia is geographically located outside
the Pacific Rim of Fire and is relatively free
from any severe destruction caused by natural
disasters. However, the country is vulnerable
to natural hazards including floods, forest fires,
tsunami, cyclonic storms, landslides, seismic
activity, epidemics, and haze (local and trans
boundary).111
National Institutional Framework
The new National Disaster Management
Agency (NADMA), in the Office of the Prime
Minister, was created in 2015 as a separate
body, having been part of the National Security
Division of the Prime Minister’s Department
for many years. The Malaysia Civil Defence
Force (MCDF) is one of the responders besides
the Royal Malaysian Police & Fire and Rescue
(RMPFRD) department. This includes the
implementation of Community-Based Disaster
37
ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES
Risk Reduction (CBDRR) to pursue public
involvement in DRR effort. NADMA is the AHA
Centre national focal point.112
Myanmar
Myanmar joined ASEAN in 1997. A large
scale cyclone in Myanmar was the focus of a
National Workshop for the Development of
the ASEAN Regional Contingency Plan in
December 2017. This scenario, along with two
other scenarios, were endorsed by the ASEAN
Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
Working Group on Preparedness and Response.
Myanmar is one of the three most disaster-
prone countries in the ASEAN region, apart
from Indonesia and the Philippines, with a
high probability of disaster occurrence and the
possibility to severely impact the population.113
Disaster Risk
Myanmar is affected by many natural hazards
including destructive earthquakes, cyclones,
flooding, landslides, and periodic droughts.
Myanmar has been impacted by two major
earthquakes, three severe cyclones, floods, and
other smaller-scale hazards in the last 10 years.114
The country was battered by Cyclone Nargis in
2008.115
National Institutional Framework
After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami,
the National Disaster Preparedness Central
Committee, the policy formulating body, was
formed with the Chairmanship of the Prime
Minister. After the new government took over
its responsibility in March 2011, the National
Disaster Management Agency (which was
chaired by the Union Minister for Social Welfare,
Relief and Resettlement) was formed in April
2011.116 In Myanmar, the Ministry of Social
Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MSWRR) is
the ministry for disaster management. MSWRR
also serves as the Secretariat of the National
Disaster Management Agency (NDMC). Under
the MSWRR, there are three Departments:
the Department of Social Welfare (DSW), the
Department of Disaster Management (DDM),
and the Department of Rehabilitation (DOR).The
DDM of the MSWRR is the national focal point
for the ASEAN Disaster Management Committee
and the AHA Centre.117
Building on the response to Cyclone Nargis in
2008, and Cyclone Giri in 2010, the Government
of Myanmar enacted the National Disaster
38 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Management Law (2013) and the subsequent
Disaster Management Rules (2015), outlining
roles and responsibilities of military and civilian
actors.118
The principle national law guiding disaster
management in Myanmar is the National
Disaster Management Law, ratified on 31st of
July 2013 in line with priorities established in
the Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk
Reduction. The Disaster Management Law
includes provisions for the establishment of
disaster management bodies and their duties
and responsibilities. This includes provisions on
requesting assistance from the Armed Forces
for search and rescue operations, security in
disaster-affected areas, and for the delivery of
assistance to victims more generally.119
Philippines
The Philippines was one of the five original
members that established ASEAN in 1967. The
Philippines suffered from Typhoon Haiyan in
2013.120 During Typhoon Haiyan, the ASEAN
Emergency Response and Assessment Team
(ASEAN-ERAT) prepositioned people in the
country before the disaster for more efficient
coordination and response. The AHA Centre
has the ability to activate the ASEAN-ERAT
members when there is a need for deployment.
Selected team members are often mobilized with
eight hours of notification and are prepared to be
positioned in the disaster area for two weeks.121
In an effort to operationalize the One ASEAN
One Response vision, the ACDM endorsed the
ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan (AJDRP)
in October 2016. Three workshops have been
conducted in support of the development and
implementation of the AJDRP including one
workshop held in the Philippines. The workshop
identified a likely scenario that ASEAN Member
States will respond to within ASEAN. This
workshop focused on the effects and response of
a potential 7.2 M earthquake in the Metro Manila
area of the Philippines.122
Disaster Risk
The country is most frequently struck by
typhoons; however, volcanoes, floods, landslides,
earthquakes, droughts, and tsunamis also pose
serious risks.123 Typhoons are both the most
common and most destructive natural disasters
in the Philippines. Typhoons Haiyan, Thelma,
Ike, Fengshen, Washi, Durian, Bopha, Trix,
Amy, and Nina were the ten deadliest typhoons
on record to impact the Philippines from 1947
to 2014. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) resulted
in more than 6,300 lost lives, over four million
displaced citizens, and US$2 billion in damages
in 2013.124
National Institutional Framework
The country has the Philippine National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Act 2010 which establishes a complex and
multi-level disaster risk management system.
Since 2015, the law has been under review.
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC) is the top
“policy-making, coordination, integration,
supervision, monitoring and evaluation” body.
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) is tasked
with administering the national civil defense
and disaster risk reduction and management
program, including supporting sub-national
councils. ASEAN or AADMER is not mentioned
in the law; however, it does mention regional and
international treaty obligations. The NDRRMC
and the Office of Civil Defense is the national
focal point for the AHA Centre.125
Singapore
Singapore was one of the five original
members that established ASEAN in 1967.
Singapore’s Disaster Assistance and Rescue
Team (DART) was deployed to Aceh, Indonesia
following the 2004 tsunami, offering support
as a neighboring ASEAN Member State.126 The
ASEAN Charter states that the chairmanship
of ASEAN shall rotate annually; Singapore
was the chairman of ASEAN for 2018. The
Singapore Government is a strong supporter
of ASEAN. The political benefit is peace, as
ASEAN has helped maintain peace in South-
East Asia. Singapore also benefits economically
from ASEAN; the ASEAN economy is one of
the fastest growing economies in the world.127
Singapore has an advantage with its geographic
location within ASEAN. Its location at the tip of
the Malay Peninsula is where main trading and
shipping routes converge. In addition, Singapore
is only an hour or two flight away from other
ASEAN countries.128
Disaster Risk
The area surrounding Singapore is the most
disaster prone region in the world; however,
Singapore sits just outside the “Ring of Fire” and
is positioned to respond to international crisis
rapidly and effectively. Singapore is situated just
south of Malaysia.129
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
National Institutional Framework
Disaster risk management is under a Whole-
of-Government Integrated Risk Management
policy framework. The Civil Defence Act
was updated in 2011 and it provides the legal
framework for the declaration of a state of
emergency and deployment of the Singapore
Civil Defence Force (SDCF).130 The SCDF
maintains a dedicated 76-man standby
contingent where its core function is to provide
urban search and rescue and/or humanitarian
relief assistance to countries affected by major
disasters. The contingent comprises rescuers
from the SCDF’s DART and from the frontline
units including Operationally Ready National
Service (ORNS) men.131 The AADMER is not
referenced in any disaster legislation although
the Minister may deploy the SCDF in support of
other countries if assistance is requested by them.
The SCDF is the national focal point for the AHA
Centre.132
Thailand
Thailand was one of the five original members
that established ASEAN in 1967. The country is
known as the “free trade hub of ASEAN” due to
their strategic positioning. ASEAN membership
to Thailand is beneficial because it facilitates
investor accessibility since it is the gateway
between the ASEAN countries, as well as other
countries (Australia, New Zealand, India, and
China). Thailand and other ASEAN Member
States enjoy the benefit of the elimination of
tariffs and free trade agreements which are
encouraging to export and importation. The
country has the capability to increase product
variety due to their low rate of production which
provides a competitive advantage.133
Disaster Risk
Thailand is vulnerable to the influences of
monsoons and tropical systems which enhance
their vulnerability to natural disaster impacts
such as, flooding, typhoons, landslides, droughts
and earthquakes. While Thailand is less
susceptible to natural hazards than many of the
countries in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region, the
country remains vulnerable and the frequency of
natural disasters in the country is due to seasonal
weather and climate change.134
National Institutional Framework
The Disaster Management System based on
the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act
39
ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES
2007 (DPM Act 2007), came into force on 6
November 2007 and implements Thailand’s
national DM Institutional arrangement. All
disaster management activities are directed and
controlled by the Commander/Directors at three
levels; National, Provincial, and Local. Based
on the DPM Act 2007, the National Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation Committee (NDPMC)
is a policy maker, chaired by the Prime Minister
or designated Deputy Prime Minister, and the
Director General of the Department of Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is the
Secretary.135 The NDPMC designated the DDPM
as the primary State agency for disaster risk
management. The DDPM is the national focal
point for the AHA Centre.136
Vietnam
Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995. Vietnam’s
Membership in ASEAN has improved its
economy and helped integrate the country into
the world economy. Vietnam’s participation in
areas of ASEAN economic cooperation such
as intellectual property, services, industrial
cooperation and investment helps send a strong
signal to foreign investors of the direction of her
economic policies. Vietnam signed the Protocol
for the Accession of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam to the Agreement on the Common
Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme (CEPT) for
the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) during the
Fifth ASEAN Summit in Thailand in 1995.137
Photo 5: Responders Reacting to Regional Flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam
40 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Disaster Risk
Historically, the country has suffered from
catastrophic natural disasters such as floods,
tsunamis, typhoons, and landslides which have
caused significant losses to human life, property,
economics, and infrastructure.138 Vietnam was
impacted by Typhoon Xangsane in 2006 and
Ketsana in 2009.139 Photo 5 depicts regional
flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam.
National Institutional Framework
In Vietnam, inter-sectoral cooperation is
the commanding system for natural disaster
prevention and control. Depending on the
crisis there are checks and balances, and
collaborations among many of the government
agencies.140 The Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development (MARD) is the lead Disaster
Management Agency in Vietnam and presides
over the consortium of the Vietnam Disaster
Management Authority. They all work together
to reflect the full representation of all ministries
and sectors under the leadership and direction
of MARD. Additionally, MARD is the Chairman
of the Central Committee for Natural Disaster
Prevention and Control (CCNDPC) and
the Vietnam National Disaster Management
Authority (VNDMA) acts as the Office of the
Central Steering Committee.141 The Law on
Natural Disaster Prevention and Control 2013
assigns responsibility across a range of ministries
and at all levels of government. The VNDMA is
the national focal point for the AHA Centre.142
 ASEAN
ASEAN Documents, Plans,
Programs, and Projects
Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS
ASEAN Documents,
Plans, Programs, and
Projects
ASEAN Charter
The ASEAN Charter was established on 15
December, 2008. It is the foundation of the
ASEAN Community since it provides legal status
and institutional framework for ASEAN. In
addition, it codifies ASEAN norms, rules, and
values. It requires accountability and compliance
as well as sets clear targets for ASEAN. It is
a legally binding agreement within the 10
ASEAN Member States and it is registered at the
Secretariat of the United Nations.143
The ASEAN Charter sets accountability for the
following:144
• New political commitment at the top level;
• New and enhanced commitments;
• New legal framework, legal personality;
• New ASEAN bodies;
• Two new openly-recruited (Deputy
Secretary-Genera) DSGs;
• More ASEAN meetings’
• More roles of ASEAN Foreign Ministers;
• New and enhanced role of the Secretary-
General of ASEAN;
• Other new initiatives and changes.
ASEAN Declaration
The original five ASEAN Member States
(Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,
and Thailand) established the Declaration for
Mutual Assistance on Natural Disasters in
1967. These countries understood that there
was an urgent need for mutual assistance in the
mitigation of the effects of natural disasters. The
declaration says that the Member Countries
shall:145
• Cooperate in the improvement of
communication channels among themselves
as regards disaster warnings; exchange of
experts and trainees; exchange of information
and documents; and dissemination of
medical supplies, services and relief
assistance;
• Designate national government agency to
be its internal coordinating body which
42 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
will gather, collate and exchange data
pertaining to natural disasters, and that these
agencies will be principally responsible for
•
implementing the cooperation envisioned
above;
In cases of calamities of major magnitude,
upon the request from an affected Member
Country, within its capability extend such
assistance as may be needed; on prior
notification, undertake immediate internal
arrangements to facilitate the transit, through
their respective territories, of vessels,
aircraft, authorized personnel, supplies
and equipment bound for the territory
of a distressed Member Country, subject
to compliance of such requirements or
formalities as may be prescribed by its laws;
and
• A Member Country requesting assistance
shall undertake internal administrative
arrangements necessary to facilitate the entry
of necessary vessels, aircraft, authorized
personnel, supplies and equipment fee from
government taxes and any other duties or
charges for the purpose of rescue and relief
and for speedy action for the rescue and
relief of victims of natural disasters; and
invoking the ASEAN spirit of mutual help
and cooperation.
The ASEAN Declaration is previously known
as the Bangkok Declaration. The Declarations
states the aims and purposes of ASEAN which
continue today:
• To accelerate the economic growth, social
progress and cultural development in the
region through joint endeavors in the spirit
of equality and partnership in order to
strengthen the foundation for a prosperous
and peaceful community of Southeast Asian
Nations;
• To promote regional peace and stability
through abiding respect for justice and
the rule of law in the relationship among
countries of the region and adherence to the
principles of the United Nations Charter;
• To promote active collaboration and mutual
assistance on matters of common interest
in the economic, social, cultural, technical,
scientific and administrative fields;
• To provide assistance to each other in the
form of training and research facilities in
the educational, professional, technical and
administrative spheres;
• To collaborate more effectively for the greater
 utilization of their agriculture and industries,
the expansion of their trade, including
the study of the problems of international
commodity trade, the improvement of their
transportation and communications facilities
and the raising of the living standards of their
peoples;
• To promote Southeast Asian studies; and
• To maintain close and beneficial cooperation
with existing international and regional
organizations with similar aims and
purposes, and explore all avenues for even
closer cooperation among themselves.
In addition, the ASEAN Member States also
adopted six fundamental principles:
1. Mutual respect for the independence,
sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and
national identity of all nations;
2. The right of every State to lead its national
existence free from external interference,
subversion or coercion;
3. Non-interference in the internal affairs of one
another;
4. Settlement of differences or disputes by
peaceful manner;
5. Renunciation of the threat or use of force;
and
6. Effective cooperation among themselves.146
ASEAN-United Nations Joint Strategic Plan of
Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM)
ASEAN and the UN have partnered on
disaster management issues since 2004. They
further developed the partnership in 2013
during the response to Typhoon Haiyan in the
Philippines where both parties worked together
to identify lessons learned and incorporate them
into the Strategic Plan of Action. A mutual goal
of ASEAN and the UN is for their programs to
be complementary in preparation for and during
deployment to disasters to maximize response
and effectiveness and close collaboration in the
overall disaster management cycle.147
In 2015, global developments shaped the
humanitarian landscape for the next decade
with the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk
Reduction, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, and the Paris Agreement on
Climate Change all framing connectivity with
regard to disaster and disaster preparedness.
In areas of prevention and mitigation and early
warning risk assessment, ASEAN and UN work
on disaster risk reduction supports the ASEAN
Member States commitments toward the goals
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
of the Sendai Framework for Action (2015-
2030). This Framework focuses on preventing
new and reducing existing disaster risk through
the implementation of integrated and inclusive
systems such as economic, structural, legal,
social, health, cultural education, environmental,
technological, political, and institutional. These
measures will help prevent and reduce hazard
exposure and vulnerability to disasters, and
increase preparedness for response and recovery,
and strengthen resilience.
The ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of
Action on Disaster Management (JSPADM)
is an important plan for ASEAN and UN
partners working together. It is currently in
its third revision. The JSAPDM III outlines
ASEAN and the UN’s mutual intentions and
commitments to continue to work together,
guided by the strategies and priorities
incorporated by ASEAN into the AADMER
Work Programme 2016-2020, as well as other
global priorities in humanitarian action. During
the development of the JSPADM III, ASEAN
and the UN agreed that the AADMER Work
Programme 2016-2020 provides a solid basis
for ASEAN’s partners to identify engagement
opportunities and agreed that the JSPADM III
would be guided by the ASEAN Vision 2025
on Disaster Management and aligned with the
AADMER Work Programme 2016-2020, which
identifies eight priority programs and a number
of underlying components, each with expected
outputs and activities.148 ASEAN Vision 2025 on
Disaster Management outlines three strategic
elements including institutionalization and
communication; partnerships and innovation;
and finance and resource mobilization. The key
objective of the AADMER is to position ASEAN
as a global leader in disaster management by
2025. 149
While developing the JSPADM III, ASEAN
and the UN identified eight priority programs
to provide the rational, objective, and program
components that may be developed for
the implementation of ongoing work and
development of new areas of collaboration.
The JSPADM III has eight priorities which are
detailed in Figure 7.
Collaboration and interoperability between
the Secretary-General of ASEAN in his/her
capacity as the ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance
Coordinator (AHAC) and the United Nations
Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian
Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC)
is essential to ensure strategic and operational
43
ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS

The Eight Priority Programmes

I. AWARE A risk aware ASEAN Community

II. BUILD Safely Building safe ASEAN infrastructure and essential services

III. ADVANCE A disaster resilient and climate adaptive ASEAN Community

IV. PROTECT Protecting economic and social gains of ASEAN Community integration through
risk transfer and social protection

V. RESPOND Transforming mechanisms for ASEAN’s leadership in response

as One

VI. EQUIP Enhance capacities for One ASEAN One Response

VII. RECOVER ASEAN resilient recovery

VIII. LEAD ASEAN leadership for excellence and innovation in disaster management
Figure 7: ASEAN-UN Eight Priority Programmes for JSPADM III
coherence. The Operational Procedure of SG-
AHAC is important.
During their October 2016 meeting on the
margins of the UN General Assembly and the
annual ASEAN-UN Secretariat-to-Secretariat
Dialogue and Senior Officials Meeting in New
York, the ASEAN Secretary General and the
UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian
Affairs agreed that the existing cooperation
arrangements between these two officials and
their offices during times of disaster response
should be recorded. An ASEAN-OCHA
Interoperability Brief was created with the
following recommendations that speak to the
roles and responsibilities of the two offices. The
ASEAN SG/AHAC and the ERC will seek to
maximize complementarity in the fulfilment
of their responsibilities, particularly where the
former is designated as the AHAC by:150
• Request / acceptance of assistance by the
affected state
• Information management and reporting
• Joint needs assessments
• Prioritization of response
• Coordinated response plans
• Resource mobilization
• Advocacy on behalf of those in need of
assistance
• Missions to the disaster-affected area
• Monitoring and evaluation, and lessons
learned
Between disaster responses, the ASEAN SG/
AHAC and ERC will also meet at least once a
year to review cooperation, take stock, identify
joint humanitarian advocacy priorities, and
strengthen policy coherence.151
ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI)
Due to the high exposure to natural hazards
in the region, ASEAN initiatives have been
implemented to mitigate the devastating effect
these disasters have not only on the communities
as a whole, but specifically to schools and
the education sector. Disasters can effect and
disrupt education cycles and damage to school
infrastructure can put children at risk. Thus, the
education sector was identified as an avenue to
reduce risks and losses as well as build awareness
and capacity to protect children and the entire
community.
The ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI)
was implemented in 2013 as a response to the
AADMER which identified school safety as a
strategic component of the ASEAN Member
States. ASSI is driven and implemented by the
ASEAN governments (Ministry of Education
and National Management Agencies) in
collaboration with ASSI consortium partners
including Plan International, World Vision, Save
the Children, Mercy Malaysia, and the AADMER
Partnership Group (APG). ASSI is a priority
initiative under the AADMER Work Programme
2016-2020. In particular, ASSI falls under the
Priority Programme 2: Build Safely which
identifies schools in its mandate to building safe
infrastructures and essential services.152 Figure
8 shows the ASSI Program Strategy 2017-2020
Initiatives.

44 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Figure 8: Programme Strategy 2017-2020: ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative
Additionally, the ASEAN Common
Framework for Comprehensive School Safely
details specific action on school safety and aims
to achieve specific targets aligned with the global
Comprehensive School Safety (CSS) Framework.
Monitoring indicators have been developed to
track progress comprised of 6 outputs to track
the impact on school safety at the national
level and 14 input indicators to track safety
interventions and impacts at the school level.153
Figure 9 shows a Venn diagram detailing the
Education Sector Policies and Plans with regard
to the CSS Framework.
Bali Concord I (BC I)
In 1976, at the first ASEAN Summit in Bali,
the Bali Concord was produced consisting of
three pillars, the ASEAN Security Community
(ASC), an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC),
and the ASEAN Socio-cultural Community
(ASCC). The Bali Concord identified 8 objectives
and principles toward achieving regional
political stability. In 2003, at the ninth ASEAN
Summit, members endorsed a new Declaration
of ASEAN Concord II, also known as the Bali
Concord II to reaffirm ASEAN as a coordinated
team of Southeast Asian nations, working
together toward the dynamic development of a
community of caring societies.
This new declaration came about in response
to challenges posed by globalization, the
economic and security situations following
the 1997 financial crisis, and terrorist attacks
impacting both the region and the world.
Additionally, motivating the declaration was
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
the desire to align the original Concord with
the goals of ASEAN Vision 2020. This version
of the Bali Concord enhanced the end goal to
improve ASEAN’s investment environment and
narrow the development gap among ASEAN
members. The aim of the AEC is toward the
economic integration achieved by building
deeper economic integration in the region and
characterized by a single market and production
base with free flow of goods, services, investment
and labor, and freer flow of capital.154
The ASC relies on the peaceful processes
in the settlement of intra-regional differences
focusing on comprehensive security, comprising
national and regional resilience and ASEANS’s
commitment to resolve differences, disputes and
conflicts peacefully and honoring the sovereignty
of each nation. The ASCC exists to carry out
joint measures to improve human resources
development, reduce unemployment, cope with
environment destruction and tackle dangerous
diseases like HIV/AID and SARS.155
Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast
Asia (Also known as the Bali Treaty)
The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation
(TAC) in Southeast Asia was signed at the first
ASEAN summit on February 24, 1976 by the
High Contracting Parties including, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
The aim of the treaty was to agree to be guided by
the following principles:
• Mutual respect for the independence,
sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and
national identity of all nations;
45
ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS
Figure 9: CSS Framework Education Sector Policies and Plans
• The right of every State to lead its national
existence free from external interference,
subversion, or coercion;
• Non-interference in the internal affairs of one
another;
• Settlement of differences or disputes by
peaceful manner;
• Renunciation of the threat or use of force;
and
• Effective cooperation among themselves.
The TAC further aims to promote regional
peace and stability by enhancing regional
resilience in ASEAN via political and security
dialogue and cooperation. Further, the TAC aims
for regional resilience through cooperation in all
fields based on the principles of self-confidence,
self-reliance, mutual respect, cooperation, and
solidarity to constitute the foundation for a
strong and resilient community of Southeast
Asian nations. Thus, ASEAN Member States
46 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
are urged to settle disagreements applying the
procedures set forth in the TAC via friendly
negotiations. However, Member States are not
obligated to use the Treaty stipulations for the
peaceful settlement of disputes and in the case of
use of force, there is no collective security system
for the States.156
Hanoi Plan of Action (2018-2022)
The first Hanoi Plan of Action (HPA) was
a six year action plan covering the period
from 1999-2004 to aid in the realization of the
goals set to achieve the ASEAN Vision 2020 in
which Southeast Asian Nations live in peace,
stability, prosperity and are bonded together
in partnership for dynamic development in a
community of caring societies. The progress of
the plan’s implementation would be reviewed
every three years in concert with the ASEAN
Summit meetings.157
 The second Hanoi Plan of Action covers a
subsequent 5 year time frame (2018-2022) and
is specific to the Greater Mekong Sub-region
(GMS) Program’s agenda for the remaining goals
of the GMS Economic Cooperation Strategic
Framework (2012-2022) and guides the Regional
Investment Framework identifying the pipeline
of GMS projects.
Ministers from the GMS countries also
endorsed the GMS Regional Investment
Framework 2022 to support the HAP through
a compilation of 222 investment and technical
assistance projects valued at US $64 billion.
The aim of the HAP 2018-2022 is to expand the
economic corridors and increase connectivity
between countries as well as rural and urban
centers to ensure a more equitable distribution
of the benefit of the region’s economic
development.158
Vientiane Action Programme (2004-2010)
ASEAN launched the Vientiane Action
Programme (VAP) on November 29, 2004
committing ASEAN members for the first time
to an explicit commitment to human rights
inside the process of reform. In particular, the
VAP promotes the awareness, education, and
protection of human rights and determines
human rights a pre-requisite for the continued
success of ASEAN security goals. The goals set
forth in the VAP went on to provide guidance
for the ASEAN Charter commitment to creating
a human rights mechanism and subsequently
the inception of the ASEAN Intergovernmental
Commission on Human Rights (AICHR).
The VAP was initiated as a response to the
Declaration of ASEAN Concord II (Bali II) of
October 2003 to provide a path to the ASEAN
Community in the realm of human rights. It
focused on the organization of human rights
knowledge, the creation of greater awareness and
understanding of human rights and a sectoral
commitment to the rights of women, children
and migrant workers. The VAP called for 7
initiatives to be taken.
They are as follows:
1. Completion of a stock-taking of existing
human rights mechanisms and equivalent
bodies, including sectoral bodies promoting
the rights of women and children;
2. Formulation and adoption of Memorandums
of Understanding (MOU) to establish a
network among existing human rights
mechanisms;
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
3. Formulation of work programme of the
network’
4. Promote education and public awareness on
human rights;
5. Establishment of a network of cooperation
among existing human rights mechanisms;
6. Elaboration of an ASEAN instrument on the
protection and promotion of the rights of
migrant workers;
7. Establishment of an ASEAN commission on
the promotion and protection of the rights of
women and children.159
Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI)
Strategic Framework and IAI Work Plan III
(2016-2020)
The Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI)
was launched at the ASEAN Summit in 2000 to
provide a framework for regional cooperation
through which more developed ASEAN
members could assist member countries in need
of support. Subsequently, the Bali Concord II
was established to accompany the technical
and developmental cooperation necessary to
develop and accelerate the economic integration
of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam and
assist those countries in their development plan
to realize their goals for the ASEAN Vision 2020.
The first IAI Work Plan spanned 2002-2008
and accomplished implementation of 134
projects and programs which attracted a total
investment of USD $191 million from ASEAN-6,
and approximately USD $20 million by dialogue
partners, development agencies, and other
partners toward narrowing the development gap
of the countries in need. The subsequent Work
Plan (2009-2015) continued that work with
the IAI Task Force assisting the formulation,
implementation and design of the IAI Work Plan,
seeking funding, working with dialogue partners,
and driving the implementation of the tasks to
fruition.
The criteria for the IAI Work Plan projects
include identifying specific needs of national
development plans and building capacity for
long term continuity and sustainability while
promoting the development of infrastructure
to promote ASEAN integration throughout the
region.160
A third Work Plan was launched in 2016 to
span through 2020 outlining the next five year
plan. This new plan contains a new vision of
IAI, prioritizing strategic areas, objectives, and
action plans within each strategic area. The plan
is closely aligned with the ASEAN 2025: Forging
47
ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS

Ahead Together and associated Blueprints for
continuity of priorities and objectives.
The IAI Work Plan III supports 5 Community
Pillars and Sectoral Work Plans including Food
and Agriculture, Trade Facilitation, Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs),
Education, and Health and Well-being. The plan
includes not only detailed ideals for growth
and development in each of the areas but also
provides an implementation plan and schedule
for execution, managing, and tracking.161 Figure
10 depicts the Strategic Framework for IAI
Workplan III.
ASEAN Cooperation on Civil Service Matters
Work Plan (2016-2020) and ASEAN Resource
Center (ARC)
The ASEAN Cooperation on Civil Service
Matters (ACCSM) Work Plan was established by
the ASEAN Heads of Civil Service to respond
to challenges regarding the demographic shift
in the workforce, an elevated expectation of
quality customer services, to deliver greater value
and efficiency, and to engage citizens in nation-
building toward a future equipped for civil
service.
The ACCSM Work Plan 2016 aims to
implement projects and activities to bolster
leadership, talent management and public
service motivation and address challenges
and opportunities on digitalisation, cross-
agency coordination, civil service capacities
and capabilities, resource constraints and
transformative leadership.162
Additionally, in 1995 at the 8th ACCSM, a
plan for the ASEAN Resource Centers (ARCs)
were formulated. The ARCs were established to
be formed in each of the ASEAN Member States
in order to play the vital role of strengthening
cooperation in civil service matters and
providing avenues for capacity building within
each ASEAN Member Country. The ARCs are
currently present in seven ASEAM Member
countries including Brunei Darussalam,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
ARCs are currently being established in
Cambodia and Laos.163
ASEAN-EU Plan of Action (2018-2022)
The ASEAN-EU (European Union) Plan
of Action is the successor to the Bandar Seri
Begawan Plan of Action to strengthen the

The role of IAI Work Plan III is to support implementation of ASEAN-wide

commitments in five strategic areas

The Vision for Work Plan

Vision III continues from IAI Work
“To assist the CLMV countries Plan II because it remains
to meet ASEAN-wide targets and commitments relevant and easy to
towards realising the goals of the ASEAN Community” understand
Strategic areas & Objectives

1 2 3 4 5 The Strategic areas &

d and
Food T d
Trade MSME
MSMEs d t
Education lth and
Health Objectives were developed
Agriculture Facilitation Well-Being in consultation with Member
States

Actions The Actions were

Each strategic area contains 3-7 actions that outline measures developed through national
to be taken to achieve the objectives with the strategic area consultations in each of
the CLMV countries
Enabling actions
The enabling actions help develop the overall capacity of CLMV countries

Figure 10: Strategic Framework for IAI Workplan III

48 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

ASEAN-EU Enhanced Partnership (2013-
2017) and was adopted at the PMC+1 with the
EU to pursue cooperation in conformity with
the obligations under international law and in
accordance with their respective domestic laws,
regulations and policies.164
The Plan of Action aims to continue
narrowing the development gaps between
ASEAN Member States through the
implementation of the Work Plan of the Initiative
for ASEAN Integration (IAI) and exchange
expertise and best practices with the EU on
sustainable development in the Lower Mekong
sub-region with regard to the EU’s relevant
programs and experiences and the data provided
by the Mekong River Commission.
The plans efforts are toward: Political and
Security Cooperation, Economic Cooperation.165
Joint Statement of the ASEAN-US Special
Leaders’ Summit 2016
The Heads of State/Government of the
Member States of ASEAN and the U.S. met in
Sunnyland, California from February 15-16, 2016
for a Special Leaders Summit. This was the first
ever Summit marking the increasingly close U.S.-
ASEAN partnership. During the summit, the
Member States of ASEAN and the U.S. reaffirmed
the key principles guiding their cooperation in a
joint statement which detailed the following:
• Mutual respect for sovereignty and territory
of all nations;
• The importance of nurturing the youth
to sustain continued peace, development
and stability, pursuing policies that foster
economic growth, job creation, innovation,
entrepreneurship and connectivity;
• Firm adherence to regional and international
order upholding and protecting rights and
privileges of all states;
• Shared commitment to peaceful resolution of
disputes;
• Shared commitment to peace, security and
stability in the region, maritime security and
safety;
• Shared commitment to promote cooperation
to address common challenges in maritime
domain;
• Strong resolve to lead on global issues such as
terrorism and violent extremism, trafficking
in persons, drug trafficking, and illegal,
unreported, and unregulated fishing, as well
as illicit trafficking of wildlife and timber;
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
• Shared commitment to address climate
change and develop climate resilient, an
environmentally sustainable ASEAN as
well as implementing other countries
contributions under the Paris Climate
agreement;
• Shared commitment to promote security and
stability in cyberspace;
• Shared commitment to strengthen
connectivity through programs that engage
American and ASEAN citizens to promote
opportunities for all people, particularly the
most vulnerable; and
• Shared commitment to continue political
dialogue at the Head of Stave/Government
level through Leaders’ attendance at the
annual U.S.-ASEAN Summit and the East
Asia Summit.166
Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific: A
Guide to International Tools and Services 2013
The Disaster Response in Asia and the Pacific:
A Guide to International Tools and Services was
designed to assist disaster managers, national
disaster management organizations (NDMOs),
and disaster-affected people with basic tools
for using international tools and systems
that support disaster response preparedness
capabilities at a national level across Asia and the
Pacific.
The guide focuses on preparedness phases of
the disaster program cycle to:
• Create a common understanding of the tools
and services available in the region;
• Support emergency decision making in small,
medium, and large scale disasters;
• Help locate international technical expertise
before and at the onset of a disaster;
• Facilitate partnerships between humanitarian
actors; and
• Inform academic curricula at national and
regional learning institutions.
The guide was produced in response to a call
by UN Member States and other humanitarian
stakeholders at the Regional Humanitarian
Partnership Workshop in 2011. It was
developed in consultation with 75 Government
officials across the Asia Pacific and with
over 50 representatives of intergovernmental
organizations, the Red Cross and Red Crescent
Movement, national and international NGOs,
donors, and other key worldwide agencies.167
49
ASEAN DOCUMENTS, PLANS, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS
ASEAN Disaster Management Training
Institutes Network
In February 2013, a Training and Knowledge
Management System (TKMS) was established
to map existing Disaster Management Training
Institutes (DMTIs) in the ASEAN region.
Participants included DMTIs from Indonesia,
Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, the AHA
Centre, with support from the ASEAN
Secretariat who formed a network which would
become the ASEAN Disaster Management
Training Institutes Network (ADTRAIN) in
October 2013.
The ADTRAIN was created to be a hug of
training and knowledge management for disaster
risk reduction, emergency preparedness and
response in the ASEAN region. Additionally,
it would facilitate capacity building programs
and multi-level sharing among the DMTIs and
stakeholders in and outside of the region.
The ADTRAIN was established with three
objectives:
1. Find ways in which existing disaster
management training institutes in the
region can support ASEAN’s capacity
building efforts in emergency response and
disaster risk reduction within the context of
AADMER;
2. Create an environment through exchanges of
materials, technology and resources; and
3. Foster cooperation among disaster
management training institutes, ASEAN
Member States, civil society, donors, and
other stakeholders towards building disaster-
resilient communities.
The project was set with a two year
implementation plan ending in 2015.168 The work
continues as work of the AHA Centre beyond
2015 as plans to strengthen ASEAN’s mechanism
on coordinating and mobilizing humanitarian
assistance through the exchange of knowledge
and subject matter expertise increases the
development of an ASEAN-wide disaster risk
assessment system of hazard and vulnerability
mapping and utilizing the ADTRAIN and other
priority training courses under the AADMER.169
50 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
ASEAN Disaster Risk Insurance Program
The ASEAN Roadmap for Disaster Risk
Financing and Insurance (DRFI) is a program
implemented to build the capacity of the
region and ASEAN Member States in disaster
risk information management, public policy
development and knowledge management.
Additionally, it aims to enhance the capacities of
ASEAN Member States to:
• Mitigate disaster and climate risks;
• Manage disaster impacts through risk
assessment and modeling, as well as through
development of enabling institutional and
policy frameworks that support risk financing
and insurance solutions at the national and
regional levels; and
• Establish cost-effective risk transfer schemes
for ASEAN, such as a regional catastrophe
risk insurance pool.170
Developed in 2013, at the 17th ASEAN
Finance Ministers’ Meeting (AFMM) to address
the impacts of disaster and climate change
and ensure that regional economic gains were
sustained in spite of vulnerabilities and disaster
risk. Additionally, the program ensures the goals
of the AADMER are achieved.
The roadmap emphasizes the importance of
DRFI strategies and aims to:
• Strengthen capacities of Member States and
the region as a whole to effectively manage
the impacts of disasters;
• Enhance the financial resilience of the
ASEAN Community; and
• Promote regional cooperation on DRFI for a
disaster and climate resilient ASEAN.171
AADMER Partnership Group
The AADMER Partnership Group in ASEAN
was formed in 2009. It is a group of seven Non-
Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that
collaborate with AADMER. It is comprised
of the following organizations: Child Fund
International, Help Age International, Mercy
Malaysia, Oxfam, Plan International, Save
the Children International, and World Vision
International. APG works with ASEAN towards
a “people centered implementation of AADMER”
and focuses on the promotion, visibility, and
participation of vulnerable groups.172
 ASEAN
Information Sharing

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

INFORMATION SHARING
Information Sharing
Understanding how to overcome the
information challenges that civilian and military
agencies experience during a typical disaster
response mission is important. Knowing what
the available HADR resources are will assist
Joint Task Force leaders and staff during mission
planning.173 Sharing information is critical since
no single responding entity, NGO, International
Governmental Organization (IGO), assisting
country government, and host governments can
be the source of all the required information.174
Collaboration, Information Sharing (IS), and
networking has been the backbone of successful
disaster response and preparation. Disseminating
information not only to those in country
and threatened by disaster, but also to those
responding to assist in the emergency has been
crucial to timely, efficient and effective disaster
response. Recent technology has advanced to aid
predicting and alerting of disasters around the
world which has resulted in early warning and
evacuation measures and well as opportunities
to react and prepare for incoming threats to
countries. The following are some of the ways
in which information regarding disaster risk
management and response are shared.
Managing information is central to the overall
mechanisms within disaster preparedness
and response. There are many resources,
stakeholders, and components to consider with
IS before, during, and after a natural disaster.
Disseminating accurate and timely information
to and from Member States will increase the
likelihood that resources will meet the need of
the affected country.175 This section will discuss
ASEAN specific, humanitarian, and regional
sources.
ASEAN Information Sources
The AHA Centre disseminates information on
a regular basis to the public to raise awareness on
disaster risk reduction and preparedness. During
emergency times, the AHA Centre releases
immediate Flash Updates and Situation Updates.
Whereas in non-emergency times, the AHA
Centre publishes a weekly disaster update called
Diasfore, and a monthly newsletter; The Column.
All of these publications are available on www.
ahacentre.org as well as the AHA Centre’s social
media accounts.
52 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Figure 11 is an example of a Flash Update.
Flash updates can be found here: https://
ahacentre.org/flash-updates/
The AHA Centre also posts Situation Updates.
These include information of events, forecast and
anticipated risk, as well as assessment of damage,
impact, and humanitarian needs. Figure 12 is
an example of a situational update. Situation
updates can be found here: https://ahacentre.org/
situation-updates/
The AHA Centre posts Weekly Disaster
Updates. These often include a regional summary
and tally of the affected population. Often links
to country and disasters logs are listed. Weekly
Disaster Updates can be found here: https://
ahacentre.org/asean-weekly-disaster-update/
The AHA Centre has an official Twitter
account @AHACentre since July 2011. They
currently have 2,606 followers and have shared
over 4500 tweets. https://twitter.com/AHACentre
AHA also has a Facebook page with over
14,000 followers. https://www.facebook.com/
ahacentre. They use these forums to provide
disaster management information and provide
updates and tools to an international audience.
The Weekly Disaster Update is also shared on
these sites along with photos and videos of
disaster management trainings and exercises.
The AHA Centre has a scientific publication
in disaster management, titled the ASEAN
Risk Monitor and Disaster Management
Review (ARMOR). ARMOR aims to promote
collaboration and information sharing among
the disaster management community by
consolidating disaster risk monitoring knowledge
and contribute to the ASEAN Agreement on
Disaster Management and Emergency Response
(AADMER) Priority Programmes 1, 5, 6 and 7
with the following objectives:176
• Sharing latest Disaster and Climate
Risk Monitoring research initiatives, and
collaborations;
• Sharing of lessons learnt from past
deployments, latest operational initiatives,
training activities and best practices;
• Bridging the gap between research and
operations through translational and
application research initiatives for the benefit
of ASEAN communities; and
• Building awareness and increasing potential
collaborative efforts between ASEAN
Member States and interested stakeholders.
 SATURDAY FLOODING AND LANDSLIDE
26 JAN 2019 IN INDONESIA
1200HRS UTC +7 FLASH UPDATE #1

EFFECTS Sidenreng Rappang

Wajo
Soppeng
Barru
6,956 3,481 79
AFFECTED DISPLACED DAMAGED Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan
PERSONS PERSONS HOUSES
Maros

CASUALTIES Sinjai
Gowa
Makassar
Takalar
59 25 47 Bantaeng
DEAD MISSING INJURED
Jeneponto
Kepulauan Selayar

FLOOD LANDSLIDE TORNADO

Indonesia

• The National Disaster Management Organisation of Indonesia, Badan Nasional

Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), is currently responding to the situation.
• Since 24 January 2019, AHA Centre has been closely monitoring the event on the DMRS.
• Based on official figures provided by BNPB, a total of 106 villages, spread across 61 sub-
districts in 13 districts (Map above), in South Sulawesi were affected.
• In addition to the summary of effects and casualties provided above, there are 4,857
submerged houses, 11,876 hectares of submerged rice fields, 10 damaged bridges, 16.2
kilometre of damaged roads, 2 damaged markets, 12 damaged worship facilities, 6 damaged
government facilities, and 22 damaged schools, to date.
• Floods have receded in several areas. The joint Search and Rescue team continues to
evacuate, search, and rescue victims. Help continues to arrive from various parties.
• BPBD with BNPB, TNI, Polri, Basarnas, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, Ministry
of Public Works, Regional Work Units, NGOs, volunteers and various other elements
continue to assist in handling emergencies.
• The Head of BNPB, Doni Monardo, provided ready-to-use funds worth USD 72,309 and
logistics worth USD 59,051 for emergency handling. These were immediately received by
the Governor of South Sulawesi, HM Nurdin Abdullah, at the Office of the Governor on 24
January 2019.
• AHA Centre had also noted the probability of similar events happening in several parts of
Indonesia until the end of the month, due to the forecasted continuous rain.
• AHA Centre is continuously monitoring the event for significant developments.

DATA SOURCES DISCLAIMER management and humanitarian assistance.

© 2018 AHA Centre.
Figure 11:Information
AHANetwork; Centre Flash UpdatesThe
AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring & Response System (DMRS); AHA Centre was established in November 2011 Our mailing address is:
The use of boundaries, geographic names, related All rights reserved.
ASEAN Disaster by the Association of South East Asian National AHA Centre,
information and potential considerations for response You are receiving this email
Pacific Disaster Center (PDC Global), (ASEAN) and ASEAN member states to facilitate GRAHA BNPB 13th Floor,
are for reference, not warranted to be error free or because you are registered in
Indonesia: cooperation and coordination among the Parties, Jl. Raya Pramuka Kav. 38,
implying official endorsement from ASEAN Member our distribution list.
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) relevant agencies of the United Nations and Jakarta 13120 Indonesia
States.
international organisations in disaster

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 53

INFORMATION SHARING

SITUATION UPDATE NO. 15 - FINAL

M 7.4 EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI No. 15
Sulawesi, Indonesia
http://adinet.ahacentre.org/reports/view/1319 | Glide: EQ-2018-000156-IDN

Friday, 26 October 2018, 12:00 hrs (UTC+7)

This Situation Update is provided by the AHA Centre for use by the ASEAN Member States and relevant stakeholders. The information presented is
collected from various sources, including but not limited to, ASEAN Member States’ government agencies, UN, IFRC, NGOs and news agencies.

Figure 12: AHA Centre Situation Updates

SITUATION UPDATE
54 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
1

Risk Monitoring & Early Warning
In addition to information reports and
publications, the AHA Centre has Risk
Monitoring and Early Warning Systems. The
ASEAN communities are geographically located
in a location susceptible to natural disasters
and thus have had to mitigate best practices
for DRM and DRR. Primarily, the plans for
risk management and reduction are warning
systems to alleviate the reach of the damage
to the communities at risk. The challenge of
implementation has been varied depending
on the country’s access to technology. In
general however, efforts have been successful in
implementing services for warning and response
across all of ASEAN.
One of the core strengths of the ASEAN
spirit is translated into concrete action via its
leadership in providing Risk Identification,
Early Warning and Monitoring. Through these
activities, AHA Centre aims to reduce loss of life
and damage to property from natural disasters
through the identification of hazards and risks
prior to impacts and increase the warning time
of natural disasters.177 The following are details
of some of these practices and systems including
the ASEAN Disaster Monitoring and Response
System (DMRS), the Web-based Emergency
Operation Centre (WebEOC), ASEAN Disaster
Information Network (ADInet), and the ASEAN
Science-based Disaster Management Platform
(ASDMP).
Disaster Monitoring and Response System
(DMRS)
In 2010, President Barack Obama initiated
an offer of support to ASEAN to develop a
multi-hazard early warning system. Following
which, the ASEAN Coordinating Centre
for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster
Management (AHA Centre) in conjunction
with a team of international specialists began
work on installing the ASEAN DMRS to provide
streams of data on events such as earthquakes,
floods, tsunamis, forest fires, and other natural
disasters from all over ASEAN and providing all
of this information on one interface to enhance
disaster monitoring and decision making. The
system compiles and transforms the information
from national and international hazard
monitoring disaster warning agencies into a big
picture regional event-tracking and decision
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
making support tool. The tool utilizes maps
and modeling applications to improve response
times and lead to more efficient use of relief
resources.178
The Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) designed
and installed the system and led the training to
ensure disaster operators were fully conversant
with the system and could maximize the AHA
Centre’s ability to fully assist ASEAN Member
States in preparing for, and responding to
disasters.179 The PDC feeds information to the
DMRS which receives constant inputs on hazards
in the region as they happen as well as hydro
meteorological data such as wind speed and
direction, clouds, sea temperature, etc. The maps
can provide additional information with overlays
based on population density data, location of
airports and seaports, and major roads and
infrastructure to provide context to threats
and enable specific analysis for response and
mitigation planning.180
The system was formally launched on
January 10, 2013 with funding from USAID and
enhances advanced disaster monitoring, warning,
modeling, evidence-based decision making,
and trans-border cooperation capabilities in
the region. The DMRS was developed based on
PDC’s DisasterAWARE product and customized
to meet specific ASEAN requirements.181
It shows real time information hazards in
the region as they occur as well as presents
hydrometeorological data such as wind direction
and speed, clouds, and sea temperature. The
maps can be overlaid with additional information
including population density data, locations
of airports, seaports, and other major roads
and infrastructure.182 Other custom versions of
DisasterAWARE are in use by individual Member
States of ASEAN such as Thailand, Vietnam, and
Indonesia.183
Figure 13 shows a screenshot of the DMRS
for the Philippines. The DMRS website is located
here: https://ahacentre.org/Subscribe at https://
ahacentre.org/subscribe-to-flash-update/, or
email info@ahacentre.org
WebEOC
WebEOC is an informational platform
which enables communication and information
sharing between the AHA Centre and NDMOs,
during emergency and non-emergency periods.
The movement of resources, correspondence
between the affected country and assisting entity,
situational changes, and decisions are able to
be accessed and recorded in this platform. The
55
INFORMATION SHARING

Figure 13: AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring & Response System

WebEOC also contains information regarding ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management

standby assets and capabilities of ASEAN
Member States and other international partners. Platform (ASDMP)
Having this information enables the AHA Centre Another platform that can be utilized is the
to mobilize resources quickly.184 ASDMP. The ASDMP is a one-stop interactive
research portal that houses more than a thousand
disaster-related research products for Southeast
ASEAN Disaster Information Network (ADInet) Asia, and connects disaster management
In addition to the DMRS monitoring system practitioners and policy makers with scientists
and WebEOC, ADInet is an open platform for and researchers. It houses thousands of
the public to access a repository of information resources on disasters including documents and
concerning hazards and disasters as well as publications, reports and research, legislation on
submit information about disasters in the region disaster risk reduction and disaster management
to the AHA Centre. The AHA Centre collects and as well as a discussion forum where individuals
verifies submitted information for accuracy and can pose questions, participate in surveys and
posts relevant and necessary updates and data create conversation about issues surrounding
inputs to the platform for centralized and easily disaster management and mitigation.186 Disaster
accessed information on natural disasters such as information, documents, publications, DM
flood, landslide, wind, storm, drought, volcano Community information, and discussion forums
and earthquakes in the region. It has been can be accessed through this platform. The
operational since 2012.185 ASDMP can be accessed here: http://asdmp.
Figure 14 depicts ADInet’s home webpage. The ahacentre.org/ASDMP/index.do
website is located here: http://adinet.ahacentre.
org.

56 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

 SUBMIT A REPORT

HOME REPORTS SUBMIT A REPORT GET ALERTS CONTACT US

FILTERS ALL NEWS PICTURES VIDEO CATEGORY FILTER [ H I D E ]

ALL CATEGORIES
−
OIL SPILL

FLOOD

LANDSLIDE

WIND

STORM

TSUNAMI

DROUGHT

VOLCANO

EARTHQUAKE

WILD FIRE

200 km
200 mi
© 2019 Microsoft Corporation Earthstar Geographics SIO Terms of Use How to Report
Scale = 1 : 14M 3.73442, 110.49359 By using an app:
iPhone
Figure 14: The ASEAN Disaster Information Network
Interval: From: to:
More Information Android

By sending an email:
In addition to ASEAN specific sources, there
Jan
2012
2012 2013
Nov
2013
2014 2015
Sep
2015
2016 2017 humanitarian law and
2018 2019
info@ahacentre.org
its implementation in
are many humanitarian, and regional sources national law.
By filling this form on our website.

that can be used for information sharing in the

region. These sources include websites, situation Website: http://www.ifrc.org/
reports, as well as platforms. Website: https://www.redcross.org
Reports (from the map, listed in chronological order) Official & mainstream news

Humanitarian Information Sources

TITLE

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LOCATION

East Lombok
DATE

Mar 17
2019
Humanitarian
TITLE

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ResponseSOURCE
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www.nst.com.my
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ReliefWeb is aFlooding
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in West Java
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dried out prolonged drought wipes
popular...
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humanitarian community. Manggarai
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Mar 22
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PreventionWeb is provided by UNISDR to worldwide to improve alerts, information

consolidate disaster risk reduction information exchange and coordination in the first phase after
into
1 of 2 an online, easy to understand platform. major sudden-onset disasters. 3/21/2019, 10:36 AM
Website: http://www.preventionweb.net/english/
Website: https://vosocc.unocha.org/
International Federation of the Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is an The latest alerts can be found here: http://www.
independent, neutral organization ensuring gdacs.org/Alerts/default.aspx
humanitarian protection and assistance for
victims of war and armed violence. It takes To subscribe: http://www.gdacs.org/About/
action in response to emergencies and at the contactus.aspx
same time promotes respect for international

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 57

INFORMATION SHARING
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
On December 26, 2004 a strong earthquake
struck the west coast of Northern Sumatra,
Indonesia generating a large tsunami that
reached widely across the Indian Ocean and
to the east coast of Africa. The tsunami caused
severe damage in Sri Lanka which had no prior
notice of the earthquake, nor the incoming
tsunami until it hit. The tsunami resulted in a
death toll of more than 22,000.187
As a result of the devastation, and in order to
initiate disaster prevention specifically for the
region, the United Nation’s Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission began efforts to
create an Indian Ocean tsunami early warning
system. The system tracks earthquake activity
in the Indian Ocean and transmits to the
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC)
based in Hawaii and the Japan Meteorological
Agency (JMA) in Tokyo. The PTWC and the
JMA provide the tsunami watch by receiving
earthquake information and data from tidal
gauges and deep ocean assessment and reporting
of tsunamis (DART) sensors or buoys. They
operate to determine the size of the earthquake
and predict any potential tsunami activity and
the arrival times wherever possible. Today, 26 out
of 28 Indian Ocean countries have focal points to
receive tsunami bulletins.
Warnings to the populations are delivered
via airwaves- radio, television, SMS, email, and
also manually, using bells, megaphones or loud
speakers attached to mosques to deliver warning
messages. Some countries practice evacuation
drills with local agencies and many coordinate
efforts with NGOs and other community
groups to educate and coordinate with the
local populations on disaster planning and
preparedness.188
Consider other sites such as:
Humanitarian Country Teams (HCT)
The HCT is a strategic and operational
decision-making and oversight forum established
and led by the Humanitarian Coordinator
in each country. It is generally comprised of
representatives from the UN, IOM, international
NGOs, and the Red Cross/Red Crescent
Movement. During a disaster response, HCT’s
often produce a Situation Report, often in
conjunction with UNOCHA.
58 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Most HCT SitReps can be found through
ReliefWeb: https://reliefweb.int/.
Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) is an
open platform for sharing data across crises and
organizations launched in 2014 with the goal of
centralizing humanitarian data for easy access
and analysis. HDX is managed by the Center for
Humanitarian Data in The Hague and is part of
OCHA the United Nations Secretariat.
Website: https://data.humdata.org/faq
Regional Information Sources
Singapore's Armed Forces Changi Regional
HADR Coordination Centre (RHCC) was
launched in September 2014 to support
the military of a disaster affected state in
coordinating assistance with foreign military.
It aims to provide open, inclusive and flexible
platforms that allow both regional and extra-
regional militaries to work together effectively in
a multinational disaster response effort. RHCC
manages the OPERA CIS web portal to broadcast
updated situation status of multinational military
responses to disasters to minimize duplication
and gaps in the provision of foreign military
assistance.
Website: https://www.changirhcc.org/
To subscribe to RHCC Weekly and Spot Reports,
email: Changi_RHCC@defence.gov.sg
United Nations Office for the Coordination
of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) Regional
Office for Asia and the Pacific (UNOCHA
ROAP) seeks to optimize the speed, volume
and quality of humanitarian assistance and
coordinates emergency preparedness and
response in the world’s most disaster-prone
region in support of national governments.
ROAP covers 41 countries partnering with
them for coordinated and effective international
responses to emergency situations.
Website: https://www.unocha.org/roap
For UNOCHA situation reports, click on
“Subscribe” button on bottom of page.

US Government (USG) Information
Sources
U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID)
USAID is committed to responding to crises
around the world to help people and places most
in need. They aim to:
• Promote Global Health;
• Support Global Stability;
• Provide Humanitarian Assistance;
• Catalyze Innovation and Partnership; and
• Empower Women and Girls.
USAID produces a monthly newsletter called
USAID Newsletter which is available digitally
at, https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/
newsletter
More information and updates from USAID is
available via their blog, IMPACT at, https://blog.
usaid.gov/ and on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter,
and YouTube.
Website: https://www.usaid.gov/
Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)
The U.S. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
is responsible for leading and coordinating the
U.S. Government response to disasters overseas.
OFDA responds to an average of 65 disasters
in more than 50 countries every year. OFDA
fulfils its mandate of saving lives, alleviating
human suffering and the reduction of the social
and economic impact to disasters worldwide in
partnership with USAID functional and regional
bureaus and other U.S. government agencies.
OFDA works with the international population
to assist countries prepare for, respond to and
recover from humanitarian crises.189
USAID/OFDA products are sitreps, and maps
which are available via email mailing lists.
For OFDA updates on a disaster response,
ask the OFDA representative for the respective
COCOM to add you to the email list:
• OFDAindopacom@ofda.gov
• OFDAsouthcom@ofda.gov
• OFDAafricom@ofda.gov
• OFDAnorthcom@ofda.gov
• OFDAcentcom@ofda.gov
• OFDAeucom@ofda.gov
• OFDAsocom@ofda.gov
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
Pacific Disaster Center
The Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) has
trademarked an early warning and decision
support system called DisasterAWARE®.
DisasterAWARE® is primarily for disaster
management practitioners and senior decision
makers and supports disaster risk reduction and
best practices throughout all phases of disaster
management from early warning, multi-hazard
monitoring, and boasts the largest collection
of scientifically verified, geospatial data and
modeling tools to assess hazard risks and
impacts.
The PDC also hosts a public application,
Disaster Alert which is a free, early warning app
to receive customizable map based visual alerts
of active hazards. The app offers the fastest,
most comprehensive global notification system
covering every type of natural and man-made
hazard to the public. It is available on both
iPhone and Android. There is also a link to
Disaster Alert without the app to view the world
map documenting 18 hazard types.190
Website: https://www.pdc.org/
https://disasteralert.pdc.org/disasteralert/
DisasterAWARE® / Emergency Operations
(EMOPS) system:
(Request account): https://emops.pdc.org/emops/
To subscribe to PDC reports email: response@
pdc.org
DoD Information Sources
All Partners Access Network (APAN)
APAN is the Unclassified Information Sharing
Service (UISS) for the U.S. Department of
Defense. APAN provides the DoD and mission
partners community space and collaboration
tools to leverage information to effectively
plan, train and respond to meet their business
requirements and mission objectives.
Importantly, APAN’s technology team has
been supporting humanitarian assistance and
disaster response (HADR) operations for over
15 years. APAN has played an integral role in
the success of disaster responses in the 2015
California Wildfire Response, the 2013 Typhoon
Haiyan Response among others in which
they provided organizations and militaries
a centralized location to share information,
increase situational awareness and decrease
59
INFORMATION SHARING
response time and duplicated efforts for best
practices in HADR services.191
Website: https://www.apan.org/
Note: The Multinational Communications
Interoperability Program (MCIP) has an APAN
site used in planning exercises and real world
HADR information sharing.192
Joint Typhoon Warning Center provides
advanced warning for U.S. government agencies
and organizations in relevant areas.
Website: http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/
APCSS is a U.S. Department of Defense institute
that addresses regional and global security issues,
inviting military and civilian representatives
of the U.S. and Asia-Pacific nations to its
comprehensive program of executive education
and workshops.
Website: http://www.apcss.org/
The Center for Excellence in Disaster
Management and Humanitarian Assistance
(CFE-DM)
There are several informational products
available for download from CFE-DM. They
produce Disaster Information Reports (CDIRs),
Figure 15: Disaster Management Reference Handbooks for Ten ASEAN Member States
60 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Humanitarian Information Reports (CHIP), Best
Practices Pamphlets, Case Studies, Fact Sheets,
a report on the ASEAN Joint Disaster Response
Plan Workshops, among others. CFE-DM
also works to improve cross-coordination and
reduce duplication of efforts and promote U.S.
involvement in civ-mil consultations and dialogs
with relevant HADR parties such as the AHA
Centre, UNOCHA, and the RHCC. CFE provides
DMHA resources and updates on its website, as
well as via their Facebook and Twitter accounts.
A link to the CFE-DM website is located here:
Website: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/
CFE-DM has completed Disaster Management
Reference Handbooks for all ten ASEAN
Member States. Figure 15 depicts the covers of
each handbook. CFE-DM's Disaster Management
(DM) Reference Handbooks provide a baseline
of information regarding countries most prone
to disasters. The handbooks offer readers an
operational understanding of a nation's disaster
management capability and vulnerability, with
detailed information on demographics, hazards,
infrastructure, DM laws and plans, regional and
international assistance, and other areas vital to a
comprehensive disaster management knowledge
base. They can be downloaded here:
https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/
Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks
 ASEAN
ASEAN Continued Vision

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

ASEAN CONTINUED VISION
ASEAN Continued
Vision
Established in 1967, ASEAN set out to
accomplish several ambitious goals toward
unifying the region toward prosperity and
advancement. Over the past 50 years, ASEAN has
continued to develop its strategic coordination
and shepherding of its three pillars; Political-
Security Community, Economic Community,
and Socio-Cultural Community.193 ASEAN
continues to be forward thinking with goals
and specific guidelines for the economic, social,
human, prosperity and safety of its people. The
ASEAN Vision 2050 drives those goals and meets
regularly with summits and coordinating events
to track and manage the guiding platforms.
Toward the future, the ASEAN Leaders
have adopted the Master Plan on ASEAN
Connectivity (MPAC) 2025 as a successor to the
MPAC 2010. The MPAC 2025 is a comprehensive
framework to link the region through physical,
institutional, and person to person interaction.
The Master Plan focuses on five strategic areas:
sustainable infrastructure, digital innovation,
seamless logistics, regulatory excellence, and
people mobility. Additionally, the Plan seeks
to improve the way people live, work, and
travel in the region for a more competitive,
innovative, resilient environment. The forward
momentum of these strategies for the social
and environmental sustainability of the region
continue to support the core of ASEAN’s work
to promote peace, security and prosperity in the
region.194 Equally important to the ambitious
plans and strategies ASEAN has set into place has
been the accountability ASEAN Member States
have to report and track progress toward the
goals and time lines for progress. The following
section details the ways in which ASEAN tracks
its progress.
ASEANstats and Achievements
The ASEAN Statistics Division (ASEANstats)
is a division under the ASEAN Economic
Community Department whose main functions
are:
• Development of regional indicators, data
frameworks and systems for monitoring
ASEAN Community goals and initiatives;
• Compilation, consolidation, dissemination
and communication of statistical information
62 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
on the ASEAN region and its Member States;
• Provision of statistical services to the ASEAN
Secretariat, ASEAN bodies and ASEAN
•
stakeholders;
Harmonization of ASEAN statistics –
standardization of concepts, definitions,
classifications, and approaches;
• Implementation, coordination and facilitation
of regional statistical programs and activities
including those of the working groups, task
forces within the ASEAN Framework of
Cooperation in Statistics, with guidance from
the ASEAN Community Statistical System
(ACSS) Committee; and
• Implementation of policies and facilitation of
partnership between the ACSS Committee,
ASEAN bodies, and international/regional
statistical communities.
The ASEAN Community Progress Monitoring
System (ACPMS) tracks pertinent socio-
economic progress and trends in ASEAN through
the use of outcomes-level Key Performance
Indicators (KPIs) for the ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC) as well as the ASEAN Socio-
Cultural Community (ASCC). They provide the
date via annual statistical publications, online
databases, and by specific request. Progress is
tracked with regard to Population, Education
and Health, Employment, Macroeconomics,
Trade in Goods, Trade in Services, Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI), Transportation, Tourism,
Agriculture, Manufacturing, Other Social, and
Other Sectors.195
Disaster and Climate Resilience
ASEAN Member States (AMS) by virtue of
geographic location experience many of the
world’s worst natural disaster. Additionally, the
growing threat of climate change can magnify
these events for the AMS. Therefore, AMS has
been very proactive with efforts to address both
disaster risk management as well as climate
change adaptation. The Hyogo Framework set
up a plan of action for reducing disaster risk,
the Millennium Development Goals were also
implemented with the goal of improving the
life of the region’s most vulnerable and at risk
communities.
Climate change efforts were focused on
weather variability, rise in average temperatures,
and sea levels. Additionally, disaster risks of
the country, human impact, environmental
degradation, and ecosystem destruction are
also noted contributors overall DRM and CCA.
Therefore, policy should reflect the sustainable
development for adequate efforts to reduce risk
and scale of climate change for the region.
However, coordination between DRR and
CCA efforts is often institutionally segregated
due to parallel efforts and agencies managing
the plans and results. ASEAN countries
have separate platforms for DRM and CCA.
Institutional integration between the two efforts
would reduce administrative burdens, increase
the overall efficiency of financial, human and
natural resources and increase the overall benefit
of risk reduction.196
There are many other ASEAN documents and
plans addressing climate change and disaster
risk, and sustainable development including, the
Roadmap for an ASEAN Community (2009-
2015), ASEAN Community’s Post-2015 Vision,
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and
Emergency Response, ASEAN Climate Change
Initiative, ASEAN Action Plan on Joint Response
to Climate Change, and the ASEAN Declaration
on Environmental Sustainability.197
In 2015 ASEAN adopted a “Declaration on
Institutionalising the Resilience of ASEAN and
Its Communities and Peoples to Disasters and
Climate Change”. The Declaration focused on
the exposure of AMS to various natural hazards
and vulnerability to extreme weather due to
climate change as well as the economic, social,
cultural, physical and environmental effects of
those incidences to the sustainable development
of the region. As a result, 12 commitments were
made in the declaration to promote development
in building a more resilient ASEAN Community
with regard to disasters and climate change.198
ASEAN’s International Partnerships in HADR
ASEAN has partnered far beyond its
original 10 Member States creating lasting and
strengthening ties and collaborations across the
globe. ASEAN has formed formal partnerships
and agreements with Australia, Canada, China,
the European Union, Germany, India, Japan,
New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Tokyo, Russia,
the Republic of Korea, Switzerland, and the
United States.199 The ASEAN community also
recognizes the vital role that relationships play
with the humanitarian community including
IFRC, RedR Australia, ACMC, and UNOCHA
just to name a few.
ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019
International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies
The International Federation of Red Cross and
Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is an independent
humanitarian organization which comprises
the 190 National Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies worldwide. It facilitates and promotes
all forms of humanitarian activities by its
National Societies, with a view to preventing and
alleviating human suffering thereby contributing
to the maintenance and promotion of world
peace. It was founded in 1919, and includes 190
Red Cross and Red Crescent National Societies.
The IFRC carries out relief operations to assist
victims of disasters, and combines this with
development work to strengthen the capacities of
its member National Societies.200 There are IFRC
Country offices in Myanmar and the Philippines
and all 10 ASEAN Member States have a national
Red Cross.201
The National Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies located in the ASEAN Region are
committed to alleviation of human suffering in
the aftermath of natural and man-made disasters,
and other related challenges in the ASEAN
region. In addition, the National Societies
with support from IFRC provide support in
preparing for, responding to and mitigating the
impact of the various humanitarian issues in the
region. The IFRC is committed to the ASEAN
community and respects the fundamental
humanitarian principles of the region by
demonstrating a strong foundation of volunteers.
They also adhere to the Fundamental Principles
of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent
Movement which are humanity, independence,
neutrality, impartiality, voluntary service,
unity and universality. In addition, enhancing
partnerships, joint engagements, and initiatives
such as "One ASEAN, One Response" are
important tenets of the organization. Building
on these regional synergies towards the ASEAN
vision of building a safer and disaster resilient
region, the IFRC and its member National
Societies have committed to help support the
vision of ASEAN.202
The Checklist on the Facilitation and Regulation
of International Disaster Relief and Initial
Recovery Assistance (IDRL)
In 2007 the International Red Cross Red
Crescent Movement and the State Parties to the
Geneva Conventions adopted the Guidelines
for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation
of International Disaster Relief and Initial
Recovery Assistance (IDRL Guidelines). The
63
ASEAN CONTINUED VISION
IDRL Guidelines provide best practices on legal
preparedness for international humanitarian
assistance, through strengthening governments’
legal and policy frameworks for addressing
common legal and operational problems for
incoming and outgoing international aid, as
well as assist governments to avoid unnecessary
delays in dissemination of humanitarian relief
while ensuring good coordination and quality of
aid.203 The core principles of the IDRL Guidelines
are as follows: 204
• Domestic actors have the primary role to
respond to disasters within their territory;
• International relief providers have
responsibilities;
• International actors need legal facilities; and
• Some legal facilities should be conditional.
Over 30 countries have adopted new laws and/
or procedures based on the IDRL Guidelines
since its adoption in 2007. In addition, National
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, have
provided support to over 100 countries with
regard to best practices for international
humanitarian assistance. A subsequent version
was created in 2017 called the Checklist on the
Facilitation and Regulation of International
Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance
(the IDRL Checklist) to supplement the
Guidelines with additional tools.
The IDRL Checklist’s intended audience is
national authorities, law and policy makers,
national disaster management organizations,
social ministries and department heads, the
National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,
international and regional organizations, disaster
risk management practitioners and local and civil
society actors implementing or assisting with
disaster related law and policy making actions.
The IDRL Guidelines and Checklist can be
used for preparedness planning, simulation
exercises, law drafting and law reform, and to
inform operations of common legal barriers to
international humanitarian assistance. It can also
be used as a stand-alone guide for discussions
and consultations by all international disaster
response actors.205
RedR Australia
RedR and the AHA Centre have signed
a Memorandum of Intent in order to for a
partnership between the two entities. This
partnership is channeled under the Australia
Assists – Technical Assistance in Disaster Risk
Management Programme, which a managed
by RedR Australian and the Australian
Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs
and Trade (DFAT). The Memorandum of Intent
64 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
is a bilateral effort to expand and formalize the
partnership between the two parties.
The collaboration between AHA Centre
and RedR aims to strengthen disaster response
in ASEAN and to develop better disaster
management capabilities in the region. This
will enable more robust deployable experts in
ASEAN, as well as efficient roster management
practices, effective monitoring, evaluation,
accountability and learning processes, for
appropriate and effective risk management. RedR
Australia has also cooperated with the AHA
Centre’s training programs, such as the AHA
Centre Executive (ACE) Programme.206
Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC)
The ACMC is an initiative of the Australian
Government administered by the Australian
Ministry of Defence with the mission to support
the development of national civil, military,
and police capabilities to prevent, prepare for,
and respond more effectively to conflicts and
disasters overseas.
The ACMC works within the national security
environment to promote Australia’s coordination
efforts within government and with Australia’s
international partners.207
United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
UNOCHA was established in 1998 as part
of the Secretary-General’s reform program
to expand the coordination of humanitarian
response, policy development, and humanitarian
advocacy. OCHA is responsible for bringing
together humanitarian actors to coordinate
a cohesive response to emergencies. OCHA
rapidly deploys expert teams to crisis areas and
maintains an Emergency Response Roster of
teams standing by to deploy in three month
rotations. OCHA provides funding for life saving
activities and has 30 field offices, 6 regional
offices and 18 Humanitarian Adviser Teams
around the world. OCHA delivers its mandate
through:
• Coordination of people, tools and experience;
• Advocacy on behalf of people affected by
conflict and disaster;
• Information Management - collecting,
analyzing and sharing critical information;
• Humanitarian Financing - organizing and
monitoring humanitarian funding; and
• Policy - providing guidance and clarity on
humanitarian policy.208
 ASEAN
Conclusion

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

CONCLUSION
Conclusion
Since its inception in 1967, ASEAN has
championed an idealized society in which
the whole of the ASEAN community as a
geographical region and as a people work
together to accomplish economic, political,
social, and physical prosperity. Driven by
the original five nation’s goal to represent the
collective will of the people of Southeast Asia,
they have committed to: bind themselves
together in friendship, cooperation, and through
a joint effort to secure peace, freedom and
prosperity for the people and their posterity.
Guided by these original goals and with the
additions of the remaining Member States, they
planned specific declarations and initiatives
to bring them to fruition. As a result, ASEAN
has continued, for over 50 years, to build on its
successes with a focus on a peaceful community,
a sustainable, highly integrated economy;
fundamental human rights for all, a higher
quality of life and a resilient and self-sufficient
disaster management plan to protect the bright
future of the region.209
Efforts such as the ASEAN Community Vision
2025 highlight the specific goals of ASEAN.
The ASEAN Political-Security Community
focuses on ASEAN’s commitment to peaceful
relations, human rights and freedoms, a stand
against nuclear weapons and other weapons
of mass destruction, and continues to develop
partnerships and alliances for its efforts. The
ASEAN Economic Community continues to
grow highly competitive trade, investment and
job creation in the region as it is projected to rise
to the fourth largest economy in the world by
2050.210 The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
focuses its aim toward inclusivity and resilience
to capacity and capability in adapting and
responding to human and natural disasters as
well as emerging climate change threats and
challenges.211
These efforts maintain ASEAN’s commitment
to the goals of the founding Member States to
improve the lives of Southeast Asian people
through economic and cultural development,
social progress, regional peace and security,
collaboration, mutual assistance in training and
research, improvement in standard of living,
and the promotion of Southeast Asian studies
and cooperation with regional and international
organizations.212
66 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Geographically, the Asia Pacific Region, where
ASEAN Member States are located, is the world’s
most vulnerable region to natural disasters.
Disaster events in the region in the last decade
have shown hazards to be more intense, more
frequent, and more unpredictable.213 Therefore,
with regard to disaster response and climate
change adaptation, ASEAN has proactively led
the way in the region. Establishing structures
such as the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Management and Emergency Response
(AADMER) in 2009 which aids in efforts to
envision disaster resilient nations and make safer
communities in the ASEAN region. Specifically,
AADMER exists to provide a structure by
which ASEAN can “jointly respond to disaster
emergencies”.214
Additionally, the 2014 ASEAN Joint Disaster
Response Plan (AJDRP) is one component
of the "One ASEAN, One Response" strategy
adopted by the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on
Disaster Management (AMMDM).215 It provides
a common framework to deliver timely, at-
scale, and joint responses to disasters through
mobilization of required assets and capacities
applying primarily during preparedness and
response phases.216
Coordinating these efforts toward disaster
management is the AHA Centre, established in
2011 to facilitate regional cooperation for disaster
response, joint emergency preparedness, and
operational regional coordination mechanisms
for emergency preparedness and response.
The AHA Centre works as the key facilitation
unit with the cooperation and coordination
within ASEAN Member States and other
important agencies such as the United Nations
and international partners. During a disaster,
the AHA Centre is the first point of contact
for all ASEAN Member States and coordinates
all responding activities.217 These teams and
initiatives ensure ASEAN nations are prepared
for, can react to, and recover from disasters in the
region.
It is evident that ASEAN has been successful
in its strides toward its goals for the region and
continues to reach forward toward the future of a
prosperous ASEAN.
 ASEAN
Appendices

Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

APPENDICES

Appendices
countries and establishes baselines for the
levels of progress achieved with regard to the
implementation of the HFA’s five priorities for
action.219
HFA Country Progress Report The ASEAN HFA progress report summaries
the key findings of the multi-stakeholder
review of transboundary risks and progress in
The primary aim of the Regional Hyogo risk reduction efforts at the sub-regional level;
Framework for Action (HFA) monitor is to highlighting relevant gaps and challenges, with
capture information on the status and progress regard to existing sub-regional risk reduction
of disaster risk reduction efforts from a regional commitments, strategies, frameworks and action
or sub-regional perspective. The HFA encourages plans.
sub/regional intergovernmental and international In July 2010, the ASEAN Member States
organizations to review the progress and status of signed the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
the implementation of the framework at regional Management and Emergency Response
and global levels. Specifically, the HFA calls upon (AADMER) Agreement to initiate a regional
regional organizations to: framework for cooperation, coordination,
• Promote regional programs, including pro- technical assistance and resource mobilization
grams for technical cooperation, capacity in all aspects of disaster management in order to
development, the development of method- affirm ASEAN’s commitment to the HFA and is
ologies and standards for hazard and vulnera- the first legally binding HFA related instrument
bility monitoring and assessment, the sharing in the world.220
of information and effective mobilization of
resources, in view of supporting national and
regional efforts to achieve the objectives of ASEAN Regional Progress Report on
the HFA;
• Undertake and publish regional and sub-
the Implementation of HFA (2011-
regional baseline assessments of status in 2013)
disaster risk reduction;
• Coordinate and publish periodic reviews on The ASEAN regional progress report on the
progress in the region and on impediments implementation of the Hyogo Framework for
and support needs, and assist countries, as Action (HFA) (2011 – 2013) assesses the trans-
requested in the preparation of periodic boundary issues and status and progress of the
national summaries of their programs and implementation of disaster risk reduction actions
progress; in ASEAN countries and establishes baselines
• Establish or strengthen existing specialized on levels of progress achieved with respect to the
regional collaborative centers as appropriate; implementation of the HFA’s five priorities for
• Support the development of regional mecha- action.221
nisms and capacity for early warning to Table 2 shows the results of the Regional
disasters.218 HFA for ASEAN. The full report is available at
detailing the specifics of ASEANs progress report
The most recent inputs to the regional can be found at: https://www.preventionweb.
HFA monitor for ASEAN were collected from net/files/39137_39137aseansubregionalrepo
designated focal points in the regional or sub- rt20112013.pdf
regional inter-governmental organizations
and generated comprehensive ‘Regional HFA
Progress Reviews’ for the period 2013-2015. The
preparation of the ASEAN specific Regional
Progress Report was undertaken during the
2011 – 2013 period and facilitated by the United
Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UNISDR). The progress report
primarily assesses the trans-boundary issues and
the status and progress in the implementation
of disaster risk reduction actions in ASEAN

68 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

 Priority for Action #1: Ensure disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation
(Sub-) Region- (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description Level of Progress
al Indicator Achieved
1 A (sub-) regional framework, strategy or action plan for disaster risk 4
reduction exists.
2 A multi-sectoral (sub-) regional institutional mechanism exists. 4
3 Institutional mechanism in place to monitor risk reduction status and 4
progress at (sub-) regional level.
4 (Sub-) regional training/capacity building programs/institutions exist to 4
support capacity building for DRR at national/regional levels.
Priority for Action #2: Risk assessment and early warning systems
(Sub-) Region- (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description Level of Progress
al Indicator Achieved
5 Institutional mechanism and procedures are in place to carry out trans- 4
boundary risk assessments.
6 (Sub-) regional early warning systems exist. 3
Priority for Action #3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build culture of safety and resilience at
all levels
(Sub-) (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description Level of Progress
Regional Achieved
Indicator
7 (Sub-) regional information and knowledge sharing mechanism available. 4
8 (Sub-) regional research institutions for disaster risk reduction exist. 4
Priority for Action #4: Reducing underlying risk factors
(Sub-) (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description Level of Progress
Regional Achieved
Indicator
9 DRR is an integral objective of (sub-) regional policies and plans. 4
10 (Sub-) regional infrastructure projects have processes to assess disaster risk 3
impacts.
Priority for Action #5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
(Sub-) (Sub-)Regional Indicator Description Level of Progress
Regional Achieved
Indicator
11 (Sub-) regional response mechanism in place to address disaster 4
preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation issues across borders.
12 (Sub-) regional contingency mechanism exists to support countries in post 2
disaster recovery.
13 (Sub-) regional catastrophe risk pooling facility available. 3
14 (Sub-) regional information exchange mechanism in place for effective 4
communication during trans-boundary disasters.

Table Notes:
*Level of Progress:
1 – Minor progress with few signs of forward action in plans or policy
2 – Some progress, but without systematic policy and/ or institutional commitment
3 – Institutional commitment attained, but achievements are neither comprehensive nor substantial
4 – Substantial achievement attained but with recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or operational capacities
5 – Comprehensive achievement with sustained commitment and capacities at all levels

Table 2: Results of ASEAN Regional HFA, 2011-2013

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 69

APPENDICES

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)

The Sendai Framework is the global blueprint and fifteen-year plan to build the world’s resilience
to natural disasters.222 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 outlines seven
clear targets and four priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risks:

The Seven Global Targets include:

• Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global
mortality rates in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
• Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower average
global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020 -2030 compared to the period 2005-2015.
• Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030.
• Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services,
among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by
2030.
• Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction
strategies by 2020.
• Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and
sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this Framework
by 2030.
• Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and
disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030.223

The Four Priorities of Action include:

• Understanding disaster risk;

• Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk;
• Investing in disaster reduction for resilience; and
• Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction.

The Sendai Framework aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives,
livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of
persons, businesses, communities and countries over the next 15 years. It was adopted at the Third
United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan in 2015.224 The Sendai
Framework is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015:
Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters.225 Figure 16 depicts the Sendai
DRR Framework.The scope and purpose, expected outcome, goals, targets and priorities for action
for the Sendai Framework are detailed.

70 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

 Chart of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030
Scope and purpose

The present framework will apply to the risk of small-scale and large-scale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and
slow-onset disasters, caused by natural or manmade hazards as well as related environmental, technological
and biological hazards and risks. It aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in
development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors

Expected outcome

The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical,
social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries

Goal
Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economic,
structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and institutional
measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability to disaster, increase preparedness for
response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience

Targets

Substantially reduce global
disaster mortality by 2030,
aiming to lower average per
100,000 global mortality
between 2020-2030
compared to 2005-2015
Substantially reduce the
number of affected people
globally by 2030, aiming to
lower the average global
figure per 100,000 between
2020-2030 compared to
2005-2015
Reduce direct disaster
economic loss in relation
to global gross domestic
product (GDP) by 2030
Substantially reduce
disaster damage to critical
infrastructure and disruption
of basic services, among
them health and educational
facilities, including through
developing their resilience by
2030
Substantially increase the
number of countries with
national and local disaster
risk reduction strategies by
2020
Substantially enhance
international cooperation
to developing countries
through adequate and
sustainable support to
complement their national
actions for implementation of
this framework by 2030
Substantially increase the
availability of and access to
multi-hazard early warning
systems and disaster risk
information and assessments
to people by 2030

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019

Figure 16: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Priorities for Action

71
There is a need for focused action within and across sectors by States at local, national, regional and global levels in the following four priority areas.
Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4
Understanding disaster risk Strengthening disaster risk governance Investing in disaster risk reduction Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective
to manage disaster risk for resilience response, and to «Build Back Better» in
recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

Disaster risk management needs to be based Disaster risk governance at the national, regional Public and private investment in disaster risk Experience indicates that disaster preparedness
on an understanding of disaster risk in all its and global levels is vital to the management of prevention and reduction through structural needs to be strengthened for more effective
APPENDICES

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym Definition
AADMER ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response
ACB ASEAN Center for Biodiversity
ACDM ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management
ACE AHA Centre Executive
ACEDAC ASEAN Center For the Development of Agricultural Cooperatives
ACHCC ASEAN-China Joint Cooperation Committee
ACMM ASEAN Centre for Military Medicine
ACPMS ASEAN Community Progress Monitoring System
ACSS ASEAN Community Statistical System
ADB Asian Development Bank
ADDM ASEAN Day For Disaster Management
ADF ASEAN Development Fund
ADInet ASEAN Disaster Information Network
ADMER ASEAN Disaster Management and Emergency Relief Fund
ADMM ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting
ADPC Asia Disaster Preparedness Center
ADRIP ASEAN Disaster Risk Insurance Program
ADSOM ASEAN Defense Senior Officials’ Meeting
ADTRAIN ASEAN Disaster Management Training Institutes Network
AEC ASEAN Economic Community
AEIB ASEAN Economic Integration Brief
AEIC ASEAN Earthquake Information Center
AEMC ASEAN-EC Management Center
AFDRU Austrian Forces Disaster Relief
AFMM ASEAN Finance Ministers’ Meeting
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area
AHA ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance
AHA Centre ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance
AHRD ASEAN Human Rights Declaration
AICHR ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights
AIIB Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
AITRI ASEAN Insurance Training and Research Institute
AJDRP ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
AMMDM ASEAN Ministerial Meeting On Disaster Management
AMRG ASEAN Militaries Ready Group
AMS ASEAN Member States
APADM Alliance For Disaster Management
APAN All Partners Access Network
APC-MADRO Asia-Pacific Conference On Military Assistance To Disaster Relief Operations
APCSS Asia-Pacific Center For Security Studies
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
APG AADMER Partnership Group

72 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Acronym Definition
APMI ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative
APMS ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy
APSC ASEAN Political-Security Community
ARDEX ASEAN Disaster Response Exercises
ARF ASEAN Regional Forum
ARF DiREx ASEAN Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise
ARG ASEAN Militaries Ready Group
ARMOR Annual ASEAN Monitor Region
ARPDM ASEAN Regional Program On Disaster Management
ARRND Agreement on Rapid Response for Natural Disasters
ASA Association of Southeast Asia
ASC ASEAN Security Community
ASCC ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community
ASCOPE ASEAN Council On Petroleum
ASDMP ASEAN Science-based Disaster Management Platform
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASEAN-DRT ASEAN Disaster Recovery Toolbox
ASEAN-ERAT ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team
ASEAN-EU ASEAN European Union Cooperation
ASEAN-OCHA ASEAN-United Nations Office For the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
ASEANstats ASEAN Statistics Division
ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting
ASMC ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Center
ASPC ARF Security Policy Conference
ASSI ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative
AUN ASEAN University Network
BCI Bali Concord I
BNPB Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (Indonesia NDMA)
CA Competent Authority
CAFTA China Free Trade Area
CBDRR Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CCFSC Committee of Flood and Storm Control
CCNDPC Central Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control
CEDAW Forms of Discrimination Against Women
CEPT Common Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme
CF Civic Force
CFE-DM Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance
CIQ Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine
CMCS Civil-Military Coordination Section
CMOC Civil-Military Operations Center
CONOPS Concept of Operations
COP Conference of Parties

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 73

APPENDICES

Acronym Definition
CPR Committee of Permanent Representatives
CPX Command Post Exercise
CSAP Consolidated Strategic Action Plan
CSIS Center For Security and International Studies
CSOs Civil Society Organisations
DANA Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis
DART Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team
DDM Department of Disaster Management
DDMCC Department of Disaster Management and Climate Change
DDPM Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
DELSA Disaster Emergency Logistics System for ASEAN
DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
DHA Defense Health Agency
DM Disaster Management
DMER Disaster Management and Emergency Response
DMHA Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance
DMO Disaster Management Order
DMRS Disaster Monitoring and Response System
DMTI Disaster Management Training Institutes
DoD Department of Defense
DOR Department of Rehabilitation
DREE Disaster Response Exercise & Exchange
DRFI Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
DSG Deputy Secretary-General
DSW Department of Social Welfare
EAS East Asia Summit
ECHO European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations
EDSM Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism
EOC Emergency Operation Centre
EPT Exercise Planning Team
ERAT Emergency Response and Assessment Team
ERC Emergency Relief Coordinator
EWG Experts' Working Groups
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FMA Foreign Military Assistance
FTX Field Training Exercise
GDACS Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region
GVC Global Value Chain

74 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Acronym Definition
HADR Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response
HAZMAT Hazardous Materials
HC Humanitarian Coordinator
HCA Humanitarian Civic Action
HCT Humanitarian Country Teams
HDX Humanitarian Data Exchange
HFA Hyogo Framework For Action
HMA Humanitarian Mine Action
HPA Hanoi Plan of Action
HPG Humanitarian Policy Group
HuMOCC Humanitarian-Military Operations Coordination Center
IAI Initiative For ASEAN Integration
ICDO International Civil Defence Organization
ICG Intergovernmental Coordination Group
ICLT In-Country Liaison Team
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IDDR International Day for Disaster Reduction
IDRL International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles
IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IGO International Governmental Organization
INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group
IOC-UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
IOM International Organization For Migration
IOs International Organizations
IOTWS Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System
IS Information Sharing
ISM Inter-Sessional Meeting
JAIF Japan ASEAN Integration Fund
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency
JOCCA Joint Operations and Coordination Center of ASEAN
JSPADM Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management
JTF-HADR Joint Task Force
KM Knowledge Management
KPI Key Performance Index
LEMA Local Emergency Management Authority
LMI Lower Mekong Initiative
MKN Malaysia’s National Security Council
MNCC Multi-National Coordination Centre
MNF Multi-National Force
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MPAC Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 75

APPENDICES

Acronym Definition
MPAT Multinational Planning and Augmentation Team
MRC Mekong River Commission
MSME Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise
MSWRR Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement
MTV Mandai Training Village
NADMA National Disaster Management Agency
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NCDM National Committee For Disaster Management
NDG Narrowing the Development Gap
NDMC National Disaster Management Centre
NDMO National Disaster Management Organization
NDPCC National Disaster Prevention and Control Committee
NDPMC National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee
NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and
Administrator
NFP National Focal Point
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
NZ New Zealand
OCD The Office of Civil Defense
OFDA Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
ORNS Operationally Ready National Service
OSOCC Onsite Operations and Coordination Center
P&R Preparedness and Response
PDC Pacific Disaster Center
PIF Pacific Islands Forum
PLA People’s Liberation Army
PRC People’s Republic of China
PTWC Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
QUT Queensland University of Technology
RAP Response Action Plan
RC Resident Coordinator
RCRCM Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
RDR Rapid Disaster Response
RGC Royal Government of Cambodia
RHCC Changi Regional HADR Coordination Center
RMPFRD Royal Malaysian Police & Fire and Rescue
ROAP Regional Office For the Asia-Pacific
ROE Rules of Engagement
RRD Relief, and Resettlement Department
RTSP Regional Tsunami Service Providers
SAARC South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation
SAR Search and Rescue
SASOP Standby Arrangements and Standard Operating Procedures

76 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

Acronym Definition
SCDF Singapore’s Civil Defense Force
SDCF Singapore Civil Defence Force
SEACEN South East Asian Central Banks
SEADMC Southeast Asia Disaster Management Cooperation
SMART Special Malaysian Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team
SME Subject Matter Expert
SOM Senior Officials’ Meeting
SOMHD Senior Officials’ Meeting On Health Development
SOMSWD Senior Officials’ Meeting On Social Welfare and Development
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
TAC Treaty of Amity and Cooperation
TIFA Trade and Investment Framework Arrangement
TKMS Training and Knowledge Management System
TTX Table Top Exercise
U.S. United States
UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN United Nations
UNCT UN Country Team
UNDAC United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHRD United Nations Humanitarian Response Depot
UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction’s
UNOCHA United Nations Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
UNOCHA ROAP United Nations Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Regional
Office for Asia and the Region
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USAR Urban Search and Rescue
VAP Vientiane Action Programme
VNDMA Vietnam National Disaster Management Authority
WebEOC Web-based Emergency Operation Centre
WHO World Health Organization

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 77

APPENDICES
List of References for Figures and
Photos:
List of Figures
Figure 1: The Impact of Natural Disasters in
the ASEAN Region in 2018
AHA Centre Facebook Page. The Impact of
Natural Disasters in ASEAN Region in 2018.
January 17, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/
ahacentre/photos/a.385460008163434/20921377
17495646/?type=3&theater
Figure 2: ASEAN Secretariat Organisational
Structure
ASEAN. 2018. Organisational Structure.
http://asean.org/asean/asean-structure/
organisational-structure-2/
Figure 3: ASEAN Related Tools and
Mechanisms Related to HADR
AHA Centre. Operationalising One ASEAN One
Response. March 2018.
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/
resources/AHA-GDE-One-ASEAN-One-
Response-FINAL-1810318-1.pdf
Figure 4: ASEAN-ERAT Mobilization
Procedure
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response
Plan (AJDRP). September 2017. https://
ahacentre.org/files/AJDRP.pdf
Figure 5: Impact of Natural Disasters on the
ASEAN Region
AHA Centre Facebook Page. The Impact of
Natural Disasters in ASEAN Region in 2018.
January 17, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/
ahacentre/photos/a.385460008163434/20921377
17495646/?type=3&theater
Figure 6: Locations of ASEAN Member States
AHA Centre. AHA Centre (power point
presentation describing its role and collaboration
with IFRC). August 25, 2015. http://www.rcrc-
resilience-southeastasia.org/document/aha-
centre/
Figure 7: ASEAN-UN Eight Priority
Programmes for JSPADM III
ASEAN. ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of
Action on Disaster Management 2016-2020.
2015. https://asean.org/storage/2017/12/ASEAN-
UN-JSPADM-2016-2020_final.pdf
78 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Figure 8: Programme Strategy 2017-2020:
ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative
ASEAN. ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative
(ASSI) Programme Strategy. 2018. https://
aseansafeschoolsinitiative.org/regional-
implementation/assi-programme-strategy/
Figure 9: CSS Framework Education Sector
Policies and Plans
ASEAN Safe Schools Initiative (ASSI). ASEAN
Common Framework for Comprehensive School
Safety. https://aseansafeschoolsinitiative.org/
asean-common-framework-for-comprehensive-
school-safety/
Figure 10: Strategic Framework for IAI
Workplan III
ASEAN. Initiative for ASEAN Integration
(IAI) Work Plan III. The ASEAN
Secretariat. 2016. https://asean.org/
storage/2016/09/09rev2Content-IAI-Work-Plan-
III.pdf
Figure 11: AHA Centre Flash Updates
AHA Centre. Flash Updates. https://ahacentre.
org/flash-updates/
Figure 12: AHA Centre Situation Updates
AHA Centre. Situation Updates. https://
ahacentre.org/situation-updates/
Figure 13: AHA Centre Disaster Monitoring &
Response System
AHA Centre. Disaster Monitoring & Response
System. https://ahacentre.org/disaster-
monitoring/
Figure 14: The ASEAN Disaster Information
Network
AHA Centre. ADInet. http://adinet.ahacentre.
org/
Figure 15: Disaster Management Reference
Handbooks for Ten Member States
The Center for Excellence in Disaster
Management & Humanitarian Assistance.
Disaster Management Reference Handbooks.
https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/
Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks
Figure 16: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
Reduction. https://www.unisdr.org/we
coordinate/sendai-framework
List of Tables
Table 1: ACDM Working Groups and 8 Priority
Programmes
Email communication with Dr. Sithu Pe
Thein, Assistant Director and Head, Disaster
Management & Humanitarian Assistance
Division ASEAN Socio-Culture Community
Department, ASEAN Secretariat. March 5, 2019.
Table 2: Results of ASEAN Regional HFA,
2011-2013
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
Regional HFA Monitor Template and Guidance –
Regional HFA monitoring and review in support
of regional and national disaster risk reduction
2011-2013. https://www.preventionweb.net/files
/39137_39137aseansubregionalreport20112013.
pdf
Photo 4: ASEAN-ERAT Team
AHA Centre Facebook Page. 2017. ASEAN-
ERAT
https://www.facebook.com/ahacentre/photos/a.1
483513928358031/1483515508357873/?type=3&
theater
Photo 5: Responders Reacting to Regional
Flooding in the Bac Lieu Province of Vietnam
"coping-protection against flood" by s gendera is
licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
Solutions against environmental degradation in
Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam
https://www.flickr.com/photos/
sgendera/8137857293/

List of Photos
Photo 1: ASEAN-ERAT Response to Sulawesi
Earthquake, September 2018
AHA Centre. The Column. One ASEAN One
Response for Central Sulawesi.
https://thecolumn.ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/
vol-44-one-asean-one-response-for-central-
sulawesi/

Photo 2: ASEAN-ERAT Handover of ASEAN

Relief Supplies for Earthquake-Affected People
in Lombok, Indonesia
AHA Centre. The Column. One ASEAN One
Response for Lombok. https://thecolumn.
ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-42-one-asean-
one-response-for-lombok/

Photo 3: ASEAN ERAT Team Response to

Yangon, Myanmar April-May 2018
AHA Centre. The Column. The 23rd ASEAN-
ERAT Mission in Yangon, Myanmar. https://
thecolumn.ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/
vol-39-the-23rd-asean-erat-mission-in-yangon-
myanmar/

ASEAN Disaster Management Reference Handbook | March 2019 79

References (Endnotes)
1
U.S. Indo-Pacific Command. ASEAN and America:
Partners for the Future. Daniel R. Russel, Assistant
Secretary, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs.
July 29, 2014. https://www.pacom.mil/Media/News/
Article/564416/asean-and-america-partners-for-the-
future/
2
The ASEAN Secretariat. ASEAN 2025: Forging Ahead
Together. December 2015. https://asean.org/wp-content/
uploads/2015/11/67.-December-2015-ASEAN-2025-
Forging-Ahead-Together-2nd-Reprint.pdf
3
Council on Foreign Relations. ASEAN: The Association
of Southeast Asian Nations. Eleanor Albert. Last updated
November 1, 2017. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/
asean-association-southeast-asian-nations
4
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/
resources/AHA-GDE-One-ASEAN-One-Response-
FINAL-1810318-1.pdf
5
IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing
AADMER: A Regional Stocktake.2017. file:///C:/Users/
admin/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/
IE/KTN8MFIB/AADMER-Implementation-Regional-
Report-FINAL-pdf.pdf
6
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
7
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
8
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. . https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
9
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017.. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
10
AHA Centre. 2015. ARDEX Handbook. https://
ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ARDEX-
Handbook-2015-09-16-final.pdf
11
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017.. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
12
IFRC. ASEAN Disaster Law Mapping. Implementing
AADMER: A Regional Stocktake. 2017. http://www.rcrc-
resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/
AADMER-Implementation-Regional-Report-FINAL-pdf.
pdf
13
AJDRP. 2017. AJDRP. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
14
AHA Centre. 2015. ARDEX Handbook. https://
ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ARDEX-
Handbook-2015-09-16-final.pdf
15
AHA Centre. ASEAN ERAT Factsheet. https://
ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/DIGITAL-
Version-FACTSHEETS-ASEAN-ERAT.pdf
16
The Column. One ASEAN One Response for Central
Sulawesi. Shintya Kurniawan. https://thecolumn.
ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-44-one-asean-one-
response-for-central-sulawesi/
17
The Column. One ASEAN One Response for Lombok.
Shintya Kurniawan. https://thecolumn.ahacentre.org/
posts/highlight/vol-42-one-asean-one-response-for-
lombok/
18
The Column. The 23rd ASEAN-ERAT Mission in
Yangon, Myanmar. Shintya Kurniawan. https://thecolumn.
ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-39-the-23rd-asean-erat-
mission-in-yangon-myanmar/
80 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance
AHA Centre. Annual Report 2017. https://ahacentre.org/
19
wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-DESIGN-ANNUAL-
REPORT-2017.pdf The Column. The 23rd ASEAN-ERAT
Mission in Yangon, Myanmar. Shintya Kurniawan. https://
thecolumn.ahacentre.org/posts/highlight/vol-39-the-23rd-
asean-erat-mission-in-yangon-myanmar/
20
CNN. Typhoon Nock-ten strands thousands in
Philippines. Euan McKirdy, Susanna Cullinane, Sima
Shelbayah. December 26, 2016. https://www.cnn.
com/2016/12/26/asia/philippines-typhoon-nock-ten-nina/
index.html
21
ASEAN. 2018. Agreement on the Establishment of
the ASEAN Secretariat Bali, 24 Feb 1076. https://asean.
org/?static_post=asean-secretariat-basic-documents-
agreement-on-the-establishment-of-the-asean-secretariat-
bali-24-february-1976-2
22
ASEAN. 2019. ASEAN Secretariat. https://asean.org/
asean/asean-secretariat/
23
ASEAN. 2019. Secretary-General of ASEAN. https://
asean.org/asean/asean-secretariat/secretary-general-of-
asean/
24
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
25
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
26
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
27
The ASEAN Secretariat. AADMER Work Programme
2016-2020. https://ahacentre.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/02/AADMER-Work-Programme-2016-
2020-v1.6-1.pdf
28
Email communication with Dr. Sithu Pe Thein, Assistant
Director and Head, Disaster Management & Humanitarian
Assistance Division ASEAN Socio-Culture Community
Department, ASEAN Secretariat. March 5, 2019.
29
The ASEAN Secretariat. AADMER Work Programme
2016-2020. https://ahacentre.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/02/AADMER-Work-Programme-2016-
2020-v1.6-1.pdf
30
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
31
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
32
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
33
https://ahacentre.org/publication/asean-agreement-on-
disaster-management-and-emergency-response-aadmer/
34
ASEAN. December 2015. ASEAN 2050 Forging
Ahead Together. https://asean.org/wp-content/
uploads/2015/11/67.-December-2015-ASEAN-2025-
Forging-Ahead-Together-2nd-Reprint.pdf
35
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for
Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). Complementarities between
the ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and the United
Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: A
Framework for Action. March 20, 2018. https://www.
unescap.org/publications/complementarities-between-
asean-vision-2025-and-2030-agenda
36
ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint.
June 2009. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/
archive/5187-18.pdf
37
ASEAN. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint
2025. https://asean.org/?static_post=asean-economic-
community-blueprint-2025
38
ASEAN. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025.
https://www.asean.org/storage/2016/03/AECBP_2025r_
FINAL.pdf
39
ASEAN. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint
2025. April 14, 2016. https://asean.org/?static_post=asean-
socio-cultural-community-blueprint-2025
40
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint 2025.
ASEAN. 2016. https://www.asean.org/wp-content/
uploads/2016/04/8.-March-2016-ASCC-Blueprint-2025.
pdf
41
AHA Centre. AHA Centre Work Plan 2020. n.d. https://
ahacentre.org/publication/aha-centre-work-plan-2020/
42
ASEAN. 2018. Operationalizing One ASEAN One
Response. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/
resources/AHA-GDE-One-ASEAN-One-Response-
FINAL-1810318-1.pdf
43
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
44
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
45
AHA Center. FAQs. https://ahacentre.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/01/FAQ-AHA-Centre.pdf
46
AHA Centre. ASEAN Joint Disaster Response Plan
(AJDRP). September 2017. https://ahacentre.org/files/
AJDRP.pdf
47
AHA Centre. 2015. ARDEX Handbook. https://
ahacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ARDEX-
Handbook-2015-09-16-final.pdf
48
ReliefWeb. 2018. Disaster Response in Asia and the
Pacific. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/
resources/ROAP_DisasterGuide.pdf
49
AHA Center. Indonesia Hosts ARDEX 2018. https://
ahacentre.org/press-release/indonesia-hosts-ardex-2018/
50
Chapter VI: Facilitation and Utilisation of Military
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APPENDICES

Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance

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Telephone: (808) 472-0518
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86 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance