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De Gramatik
De Gramatik
masculine: den/einen/keinen
feminine: die/eine/keine
neuter: das/ein/kein
plural: die/ - /keine
We call this form "Akkusativ". You use the "Akkusativ", when you
want to describe what is happening to a person or a thing. This person
or thing is the grammatical object.
Example:
Die Frau isst einen Hamburger.
"einen Hamburger" is the object ("Objekt").
Nominative Accusative*
ein einen
kein keinen
eine eine
keine keine
ein ein
kein kein
- -
keine keine
*After the verbs essen, trinken, nehmen, suchen, kennen, machen,
lieben, anrufen, besuchen, besichtigen and many others, the object is
expressed in the accusative.
2ZKB: zwei Zimmer, Küche und Bad: The apartment has two rooms, a
separate kitchen and a separate bath.
MKM: Monatskaltmiete: This is the basic monthly rent for the space.
Utilities will be added.
WM: Warmmiete: "Warm rent", or rent costs plus heating, trash collection,
water and maintenance. You have to pay electricity costs yourself.
EBK: Einbauküche: The kitchen is built-in, which means there are cabinets,
a stove, dishwasher, etc.
In German you can combine two or more nouns to make a new word with a different
meaning. You can find many such "composites" that have become part of German
vocabulary.
A compound noun consists of one base noun that always comes at the end of the
combination and one or more further determining words that help to explain the base
noun in more detail. The article of the base noun is also the article of the compound
noun.
Look at a few compounds that can be formed from the basic word Schrank, together
with different modifiers:
*When a word is made up of two or more nouns, a sound may be added between the
defining word and the base word. After -e (e.g. Küche) this is often an -n. In many
cases an –s is used, sometimes also -es, -ens or -er. Since you usually do not form
compound nouns yourself, but learn them like other words, you do not need to learn
the rules for this.
The defining word is often a noun, although it can also be a verb or an adjective, e.g.:
There are also some feminine job titles that are formed completely
differently:
masculine feminine
When we are talking about a professional group that includes men and
women, the masculine plural is often used. Because this may be considered
discriminatory, today both forms are often used together, or a neutral plural is
used.
ich meinen/meine/mein
(+ Singular)
meine (+ Plural)
du deinen/deine/dein
(+ Singular)
deine (+ Plural)
er/es seinen/seine/sein
(+ Singular)
seine (+ Plural)
sie ihren/ihre/ihr
(+ Singular)
ihre (+ Plural)
wir unseren/unsere/unser
(+ Singular)
unsere (+ Plural)
ihr euren/eure/euer
(+ Singular)
eure (+ Plural)
sie ihren/ihre/ihr
(+ Singular)
ihre (+ Plural)
Sie Ihren/Ihre/Ihr
(+ Singular)
Ihre (+ Plural)
Example: müssen
Singular
Plural
The dative
You already know two cases that a noun can take: nominative and accusative.
The third case is dative, in which all the articles change.
Dative
masculine
einem Flur
feminine
(die Cafeteria) der Cafeteria
einer Cafeteria
neuter
einem Büro
plural
Konferenzräumen*
*In the dative it is not just the article that changes. Most nouns have the
ending -n in the plural. Exceptions: nouns that end in -n or -s do not get an
additional -n.
Some prepositions, e.g. in, can be used with the dative as well as with the
accusative. Prepositions of place with the dative are always used in answer to
the question Wo …? These prepositions are known as two-case prepositions.
in, an, unter, über, auf, vor, hinter, neben and zwischen.
in + dem = im
an + dem = am
der Dativ: In German there are four different forms or categories (cases) of
noun, known as Fälle or Kasus. As well as nominative and accusative, there is
also dative. Nouns take this case when, for example, they come after certain
prepositions or are the object of a verb that takes the dative. The articles have
the forms: dem/einem, der/einer, dem/einem, den/-. In the plural an -n is
often added to the noun.
Wollen - хотіти
Singular:
Plural:
So far you know three modal verbs: können, müssen and wollen:
The modal verbs wollen and möchten are similar in meaning. Both describe
something that one would like to have or do, but with a different emphasis.
The verb möchten is conjugated differently from the other modal verbs. This
is because möchten is a special form of the verb mögen. But here too, the
first- and third-person singular are identical.
Singular:
Plural:
Next
When you say which company you work for, you use the preposition bei +
the company name.
Ich arbeite beim Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. (beim = bei
+ dem)
When explaining where an unknown place is, you often name a place nearby
that is larger and better-known. Then you use the expression in der Nähe
von.
Das Kino ist in der Nähe vom Bahnhof. (vom = von + dem)
Das Museum ist in der Nähe von der Touristeninformation.
When you want to explain what street someone or something is in, you use
the two-case preposition in + dative. Pay attention to the article of the street
name:
When we are not talking about a street, but about a square, we use am (= an
+ dem).
(der Platz) Das Restaurant von Max und Tarek ist am Friedensplatz 22.
Here is another overview of the articles in the accusative and the dative:
Accusative Dative
Masculine
:
Feminine:
Neuter:
Plural:
Two-case prepositions
Two-case prepositions are so named, because the case of the following noun
can change:
a) Location: Wo …?
Two-case
prepositions in / an / unter / über / auf / vor / hinter / neben / zwischen +
dative
Two-case
prepositions in / an / unter / über / auf / vor / hinter / neben / zwischen +
accusative
Fixed-case prepositions
All other prepositions or prepositional phrases have a fixed case, i.e. they are
followed by one case only, usually the dative or accusative. For example,
with these prepositions the dative can also be used to answer the
question Wohin …?. Here are some examples:
a) zu + dative
When you want to stress the end of a route, you use bis zu:
Ihr geht geradeaus bis zum Bahnhof. Dann geht ihr links in die
Hauptstraße.
b) an + dative + vorbei
c) durch + accusative
Beispiel:
Da kommt der Bus. Wir fahren mit dem Bus.
Da kommt die Straßenbahn. Wir fahren mit der Straßenbahn.
Da kommt das Taxi. Wir fahren mit dem Taxi.
Da sind die Fahrräder. Wir fahren mit den Fahrrädern.
Two-case prepositions are so-called because they can change the case of the
following noun, sometimes to the dative and sometimes to the accusative.
a) Location: Wo …?
Two-case
prepositions in / an / unter / über / auf / vor / hinter / neben / zwischen +
dative
b) Direction: Wohin …?
Two-case
prepositions in / an / unter / über / auf / vor / hinter / neben / zwischen +
accusative
Here is another overview of the articles in the accusative and the dative:
Accusative Dative
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Plural
Next