Page 1 of 5

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, TINSUKIA REGION

MARKING SCHEME (2021-22)
TERM – II
CHEMISTRY THEORY (043)
CLASS-XI
MM: 35 Time: 2 Hours

1. PV = nRT 2
or V = nRT/P = (4×0.082 × 273)/1= 89.54 L

2. (i) Boyle’s law : According to Boyle’s law, at constant temperature, the volume of a 1
fixed amount of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, i.e., if volume increases,
the pressure would decrease. This is because as volume increases, the number of
molecules striking the walls of a container in a given time decreases leading to decrease
in pressure.
1 Constant
P∝ ; P=
V V
=> PV = Constant => P1V1 = P2V2 1

(ii) Avogadro’s law: This law states that equal volume of all gases under similar
conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.
V 1 V2
V ∝n ( T , P constant )= =
n1 n2
1
(iii)Charles law: This law states that, ‘at constant pressure the volume of a given mass of
a gas increases or decreases by 1/273 of its volume at 0 °C for every rise or fall of one
degree in temperature’.

V t =V0+ (V0 / 273)xt

(at constant pressure)
(Any two to be attempted)
3. (a) Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas will be formed which will catch fire. 1
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
(b) Sodium metal dissolves in liquid ammonia and gives deep blue solution
which is conducting in nature.
Na + (x + y) NH3 [Na(NH3)x]++ [e(NH3)y]– 1
The blue colour of the solution is due to the ammoniated electron which absorbs
energy in the visible region of light and thus imparts blue colour to the solution.
1
4. NO(g )+ O 2 (g) ⇌ NO 2(g ) 1
2
1
ΔG ° =∆ f G° ( NO 2) −[ ∆f G ° ( NO ) + ∆ f G° (O 2 )] 1
2
1 −1
¿ 52.0−87.0− x 0=−35 KJ mol
2
−∆ G ° 1
Now, log K = −1 −1
2.303 X 8.314 JK mol X 298 K
Or K = 2.06 x 106
 Page 2 of 5

(OR)

2N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2N2O(g)

Initial moles: 0.482 0.933 0 1
Moles at eqm.: (0.482 – x) (0.933 – x/2) x
0.482−x 0.938−( x /2) x
Molar conc: 1
10 10 10
–37
As Kc = 2.0 × 10 is very small, this means that the amountof N2 and O2 reacted (x) is very
small. Hence, at equilibrium,
we have[N2] = 0.0482 mol L–1,[O2] = 0.0933 mol L–1, [N2O] = 0.1x mol L–1 ½
2
( 0.1 x )
∴ K c= 2
=2.0 x 10−37 ( given ) ½
( 0.0482 ) ( 0.0933 )
On solving this we get, x ≈6.6 x 10−20
∴ [ N 2 O ]=0.1 x=6.6 x 10−21 mol L−1

5. When an equilibrium is subjected to any kind of stress (change in concentration,

temperature or pressure) it shifts in a direction so as to undo the effect of stress. 1
(i) When H2 is added, the rate of forward reaction will increase. 1
(ii) Addition of CH3OH will lead to increase in rate of backward reaction 1

(OR)
CO(g) + 2H2(g)⇌ CH3OH(g); Δ Hr° = – 92 kJ/mol 1
(i) When pressure is doubled, equilibrium will shift in the direction where pressure
decreases i.e., forward direction. 1
(ii) As this is an exothermic reaction, so the equilibrium will shift in backward direction
when the temperature is doubled. 1
(iii)When concentration of CO is doubled, equilibrium will shift in forward direction.

6. (i) BeCl2< MgCl2< CaCl2< BaCl2 1x3

(ii) Mg(OH)2<Ca(OH)2<Sr(OH)2< Ba(OH)2
+ + + + +
(iii) Li <Na <K <Rb <Cs
7. (a) Neutral oxides : CO ½
Acidic oxides : B2O3, SiO2, CO2 ½
Basic oxides : Tl2O3 ½
Amphoteric oxides : Al2O3, PbO2 ½
(b) (i) CO Neutral to litmus [Neutral]
(ii) B2O3 reacts with basic (metallic) oxides forming meta-borates. 1
B2O3 + CuO→ Cu(BO2)2 [Acidic]
(iii) SiO2 + 2NaOH →Na2SiO3 + H2O [Acidic]
(iv) CO2 + 2NaOH→ Na2CO3 + H2O [Acidic]
(v) Tl2O3 + 3H2SO4 →Tl2(SO4)3 + 3H2O [Basic]
 Page 3 of 5

(vi) Al2O3 + 6HCl  2AlC3 + 3H2O [Amphoteric]

Al2O3 + 2NaOH  2NaAlO2 + H2O [Amphoteric]
(vii) PbO2 + 2NaOH  Na2PbO3 + H2O [Amphoteric]
PbO2 + 4HCl PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O [Amphoteric]

8. (i) Oxidation states: For group 13 both +1 and +3 oxidation state are observed. +1 1
oxidation state becomes more stable as we move down the group due to inert pair effect.
Boron does not show +3 oxidation state.
For group 14 common oxidation state are +4 and +2. Tendency to show +2 oxidation
state increases down the group.
(ii) Atomic size: Atomic radii of group13 elements increases down the group with 1
exception Ga<Al due to presence of 10 d-electrons which offer poor screening effect. In
group 14, there is a considerable increase in radius from C to Si, thereafter from Si → Pb
a small increase is seen due to presence of completely filled and f-orbitals.
(iii) Nature of halides : Group 13 elements form trihalides(except TlI 3). Due to electron 1
deficient nature BCl3 accepts electrons and forms adducts. AlCl 3 achieves stability by
forming a dimer. Group 14 elements form halides with formula MX 2 and MX4. Except
CCl4 other halides are easily hydrolysed. Stability of dihalides increases down the group.
9. (a) Stability of carbocations decreases as 3° > 2° > 1°. Alkyl groups have +I effect. when
an alkyl group is attached to positively charged carbon atom of a carbocation, it tends to
release electrons towards that carbon and reduces the positive charge on the carbon. 1
Thus, positive charge gets dispersed. This dispersal of the positive charge stabilises the
carbocation.

(b) Mechanism : 2
Peroxide effect proceeds via free radical mechanism as given below:

(OR) 1
1-alkynes are acidic due to large s-character (50%), the carbon atom is quite electronegative
 Page 4 of 5

thereby withdrawing the shared electron pair of C─H bond towards it. Hence ,it can easily release
H+
1
−¿ Na
+¿+ H2 ¿
2
¿ 1
CH ≡ CH + Na → HC ≡ C 1
+¿+ NH 3 ¿

CH ≡ CH + NaNH 2 → CH ≡ C−¿ Na ¿

10. Compound A is an alcohol which on reaction with H2SO4 gives alkene B.

11. Peroxide effect: Addition of HBr in presence of peroxide gives products opposite to
Markovnikov rule.
3

(OR)
1x3
(a)The product will be colourless.
(b).Boiling point decreases with increase in branching due to decrease in surface area of the
molecule.
(c)In Wurtz reaction, pure sodium is used which is highly violent towards water,therefore dry
ether is used.

12. (i) For the reaction,

H2(g) + F2(g)→ 2HF(g) ; ∆H° = – 124 kcal
∆H° = ∑B.E. (reactants) – ∑B.E. (products)
or –124 = ∆HH–H + ∆HF–F – 2DHH–F 1
= 104 + 37.8 – 2∆HH–F
∴2∆H°H–F = 104 + 37.8 + 124 = 265.8 kcal
265.8
Bond energy of H–F = = =132.9 kcal
2
∴∆H° for the given reaction = – 132.9 kcal

(ii) Hess’s law cannot be used for the determination of entropy. 1

 Page 5 of 5

(iii) ∆H = [–2 × 413 + (–2 × 328)]= [–826 – 656] = –1482 kJ/mol 1

(iv) A -----> C, ∆H = q1 ...(i) 1
C ------> D, ∆H = q2...(ii)
D ------>2B, ∆H = 2q3...(iii)

Now adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

i.e., q1 + q2 + 2q3, is the heat of reaction for the reaction
A → 2B.
1 3
(v) For the reaction, N 2 + Cl2 → NCl 3 1
2 2
1 3
Applying: Eqn. ( ii ) + Eqn ( i )− Eqn .(iii)
2 2
1 3
We get ∆ H f = (−∆ H 2 ) + (−∆ H 1) − ∆ H 3
2 2
∆H2 3
= −∆ H 1 − − ∆ H3
2 2
(OR) 1

(v) Initial and final conditions should be kept same.