1897 © 1EC:1995, -49- Per cent remaining ieee | strength 499 9 | ee 95% 90% 35% 20% 78% 70% 150°C 65% 50% ot 1 10 100 +000 Time (hours) lee sme Figure 3 - Loss of strength of aluminium A2 } Calculation of maximum conductor length on drums Al Basis of caiculation ihe coiling volume V,, of a drum is given by equation (35). This volume is described in re 4, Vag (md? ~ dy2) BIA (35) where Yq \i8 the coiling voluine in a drum (m®) 4d, are the outside and inside diameters of a drum (m) a ‘is the internal idth of a drum (m) is normali practice that the minimum inside drum diameter d, be equal to at least mes the conductor diameter” layer conductors may require higher values1597 © IEC:1995 -51- Figure 4 - Colling volume In a drum 8.2 Packing factor The amount of conductor that can be coiled in a drum depends on the voids between turns of the cynductor. If the packing factor is defined as the ratio of available volume to the total volume, two extreme cases can be considered, each one corresponding to a packing factor as indicated in figures 5a and 5b. The pacing tactor'®? k, applicable to figure Sa (maximum void between conductor layers) becomes equal to: k= nid = 0,785 (38) In case of figure Sb where the voids between conductors are minimum, k, becomes equal to: Y k, (p= 2 x 1,732 = 0,007 @7) Usually, k, = 0,87 is considered sufficient for practical operations Figure Sa ~ Maximum void Figure 0 - Minimum void Figure § - Vold between turns 4 of conductor in the order of 20 and more, | 1) This packing factor is valid for ratios of drum width to diam1597 © 1EC:1995 -53- k3 Space between last conductor layer and lagging tis usual to leave a space of approximately two conductor diameters between tne tiernal surface of the conductor and the lagging. Considering that small conductors are | nsaly coiled on small drums and big conductors on larger size drums, the values given in Je 6 are recommended | rable 6- Space betwoon lagging and conductor surace Sunnas aon YAnproninae apace beoreen Gamat ey | tagging and condoctr } le 12 5 a 5 | | 8 7 18 ¢ 20 2a 73 28 5 table 6 corresponds approximately to a reduction factor k, = 0.8 The space given |} zplied to volume Vg, Using equation (95), the maximum conductor length in a drum can now be calculated as follows: Veg Ky Ky = OF Lvs (38) This leads to: L = 0,886 Vg/0? = 0,89 VjJO* (39) where k, isthe space factor = 0.8 k, isthe packing factor = 0.87 Vg is the drum volume (m*) D isthe conductor diameter (m) Lis the maximum conductor length (rn) 84 Numerical example Assume a drum with: d, = 1,6'm (outside diameter) Vgg = 1,957 m® 1D = 0,0171 m (conductor diameter) Thus the maximum length of conductor is: L = 0,89 x 1,087/0,0171? = 4 190. m