AGSUNOD, ARABELA FRANCINE M.

BSCMM 2-YA-2

Answer in your own understanding and express in your own words. Don't mix up
your answers. 30 points each.

1. What are some of the problems of local government ? What solutions would you
offer to address those problems? (at least 3 problems and solutions)

- Limited Financial Resources:

Problem: Many local governments in the Philippines struggle with limited financial
resources, which hinders their ability to deliver essential services and implement
development projects.

Solution: One solution is to explore alternative sources of revenue. This could include
improving local tax collection processes, exploring public-private partnerships for
infrastructure projects, and seeking grants from national and international
organizations. Additionally, there could be efforts to enhance financial management
and transparency to ensure that available funds are utilized efficiently.

- Corruption and Governance Issues:

Problem: Corruption and governance issues can undermine the effectiveness of local
governments, leading to the misallocation of resources and a lack of public trust.

Solution: Strengthening anti-corruption measures is crucial. This may involve the

implementation of transparent and accountable financial systems, regular audits, and
the use of technology to reduce opportunities for corruption. Additionally, promoting
citizen participation in local governance through community forums, citizen feedback
mechanisms, and awareness campaigns can help hold officials accountable and foster
a culture of transparency.

- Infrastructure and Service Delivery:

Problem: In many areas, there is a lack of basic infrastructure and essential services,
such as reliable water supply, sanitation, and healthcare facilities.

Solution: Local governments should prioritize infrastructure development and service

delivery. This could involve creating comprehensive development plans that address
the specific needs of each locality, collaborating with national agencies and private
sectors for funding and expertise, and utilizing technology for efficient service
delivery. Involving local communities in the planning process ensures that projects
are aligned with their needs and priorities.

2. Briefly explain the rights of the accused in criminal cases?

- In the Philippines, the rights of the accused in criminal cases are safeguarded by the
Constitution. These rights include the right to due process, which ensures a fair and
impartial trial. The accused has the right to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation, the right to counsel, and the right to confront and cross-examine
witnesses. Additionally, the right against self-incrimination protects individuals from
being compelled to testify against themselves. The presumption of innocence until
proven guilty is a fundamental principle, and the accused is entitled to present
evidence and witnesses in their defense. These rights collectively aim to uphold the
principles of justice, fairness, and the protection of individual liberties throughout the
criminal justice process in the Philippines.

3. What possible solutions would you recommend to the causes of the formation of
various Social Movements groups? (at least 3 causes and solutions)

- Economic Inequality:

Cause: Economic disparities can fuel discontent and lead to the formation of social
movements, as marginalized groups may feel excluded from the benefits of economic
growth.

Solution: Implementing inclusive economic policies, such as targeted poverty

reduction programs, equitable distribution of resources, and social welfare initiatives,
can address economic inequality. Encouraging responsible business practices and
promoting fair wages contribute to building a more equitable society.

- Political Marginalization:

Cause: Social movements often emerge when certain groups or communities feel
politically marginalized, excluded, or inadequately represented in the decision-making
process.

Solution: Enhancing political inclusivity through electoral reforms, ensuring fair

representation of diverse groups in government bodies, and fostering transparent and
accountable governance can mitigate feelings of marginalization. Establishing
mechanisms for meaningful public participation in policy-making can empower
citizens and reduce the likelihood of social unrest.

- Human Rights Violations:

Cause: Instances of human rights abuses, whether real or perceived, can galvanize
people to form social movements in defense of civil liberties and justice.

Solution: Strengthening human rights institutions, ensuring accountability for rights

violations, and promoting a culture of respect for human rights within law
enforcement and security forces are essential. Legal reforms and educational
initiatives that raise awareness about human rights principles can contribute to
preventing violations and addressing grievances.