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This Standard Specification gives requirements for cold weather con- P2. If sections or parts of Standard Specification
creting. It includes cold weather requirements for preparations prior AC1 306.1 are edited into project specifications or any
to placement of concrete, and protection of concrete.
other document, they shall not be referred to as AC1
Standards, since the Standard Specification has been
Keywords: accelerating admixtures; cold weather; compressive strength; con-
struction; curing; formwork; freezing; heating; insulation; maturity; protec-
altered.
tion; temperature. P3. Building codes set minimum requirements neces-
sary to protect the public. This Standard Specifica-
FOREWORD tion may stipulate requirements more restrictive than
F1. This foreword is included for explanatory pur- the minimum. Adjustments to the needs of a particular
poses only; it does not form a part of the Standard project shall be made by the Architect/Engineer by re-
Specification AC1 306.1. viewing each of the items in the Specification Check-
F2. Standard Specifications AC1 306.1 is a Reference list and then including the Archtect/Engineer’s deci-
Standard which the Archtect/Engineer may cite in the sion on each item as a mandatory requirement in the
Project Specifications for any building project, to- Project Specifications.
gether with supplementary requirements for the spe- P4. These mandatory requirements designate the
cific project. specific qualities, procedures, materials, and perfor-
F3. Each technical section of Standard Specification mance criteria for which alternatives are permitted or
AC1 306.1 is written in the Three-Part Section Format for which provisions were not made in the Standard
of the Construction Specifications Institute, as adapted Specification. Exceptions to the Standard Specifica-
by AC1 and modified to AC1 requirements. The lan- tion shall be made in the Project Specifications, if re-
guage is generally imperative and terse. quired.
F4. Checklists do not form a part of Standard Spec- P5. A statement such as the following will serve to
ification AC1 306.1. Checklists are to assist the Archi- make Standard Specification AC1 306.1 a part of the
tect/Engineer in properly choosing and specif$ng any Project Specifications.
necessary requirements for the Project Specifications. Work on shall conform
to all requirements of AC1 306.1, Standard Spec-
ification for Cold Weather Concreting, published
by the American Concrete Institute, Detroit,
Michigan, except as modified by the requirements
PREFACE TO SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST of these Contract Documents.
P1. Standard Specification AC1 306.1 is intended to
be used by reference or incorporation in its entirety in P6. The Standard Specification Checklist identifies
the Project Specifications. Individual sections, articles, Architect/Engineer choices and alternatives. The
or paragraphs shall not be copied into the Project checklist identifies the sections, parts, and articles of
Specifications, since t a h g them out of context may the Standard Specification and the action required by
change their meaning. the Archtect/Engineer.
*Task force for revision. Copyright 0 2002, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved includ-
Supercedes AC1 306.1-87. Revised by the Expedited Standardization Proce- ing rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the
dure, effective July 1, 1990. In 1990, the format was revised. The Foreword, making of copies by any photo process or by any electronic or mechanical de-
Preface, and Specification Checklist were revised. Reference Standards were vice, printed or written or oral or recording for sound or visual reproduction
updated and the sections on Materials and Execution were rewritten and re- or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in
numbered. writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.
SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
M. MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
Section/Parî/Article of
AC1 306.1 Notes to the ArchitectEngineer
O. OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Section/Parî/Article of
AC1 306.1 Notes to the ArchitectEngineer
S. SUBMITTALS
Section/Parî/Article of
AC1 306.1 Notes to the ArchitectEngineer
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:1-:3 the Project Specifications, complete the descriptive in-
1.1 - Scope formation for constructing the Work required or re-
1.2 - Definitions ferred to in the Contract Documents.
1.3 - Reference organizations
1.4 - Reference standards
Project specifications - The written documents
1.5 - Submittal of procedures which specifj requirements for a project in accordance
with the service parameters and other specific criteria
established by the Owner.
Protection period - The required time during which
the concrete is maintained at or above a specific tem-
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. perature in order to prevent freezing of the concrete or
to ensure the necessary strength development for struc-
3.1 - Preparation before concreting tural safety.
3.2 - Concrete temperature
Reference standards - Standards of a technical so-
3.3 - Curing of concrete
3.4 - Protection of concrete ciety, organization, or association, including the codes
of local or state authorities, which are referenced in the
Contract Documents.
1 -GENERAL Required - Required by this Specification or the
1.1 Scope - Contract Documents.
Submitted - Submitted to the ArchitectEngineer
1.1.1 This Standard Specification covers require-
ments for cold weather concreting and protection of for review.
concrete fi-om freezing during the specified protection Work - The entire construction or separately iden-
period. tifiable parts thereof which are required to be fur-
1.1.2 The provision of this Standard Specification nished under the Contract Documents. Work is the
shall govern unless otherwise specified in the Contract result of performing services, furnishmg labor, and
Documents. furnishing and incorporating materials and equipment
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C 873-85 Standard Test Method for 3.2.2 Protection temperature - Unless otherwise
Compressive Strength of specified, the minimum temperature of concrete during
Concrete Cylinders Cast in the protection period shall be as shown in Column 2 of
.,-,
Place in Cylindncal Molds i ahie 3.2. i. Temperatures specified to be maintained
C 900-87 Standard Test Method for during the protection period shall be those measured at
Pullout Strength of Hard- the concrete surface, whether the surface is in contact
ened Concrete with formwork, insulation, or air. Measure the temper-
ature with a surface temperature measuring device hav-
1 . 5 - Submittal of procedures ing an accuracy of _t2 F. Measure the temperature of
1.5.1 Detailed procedures - If required, submit de- concrete in each placement at regular time intervals as
tailed procedures for the production, transportation, specified in the Contract Documents.
placement, protection, curing, and temperature moni- 3.2.3 Termination of protection - The maximum
toring of concrete during cold weather. In the submit- decrease in temperature measured at the surface of the
tal, include procedures to be implemented upon abrupt concrete in a 24-hour period shall not exceed the values
changes in weather conditions or equipment failures. shown in Column 3 of Table 3.2.1. Do not exceed these
Do not begin cold weather concreting until these pro- limits until the surface temperature of the concrete is
cedures have been reviewed and accepted. w i t h 20 F of the ambient or surrounding tempera-
tures. When the surface temperature of the concrete is
2 - MATERIALS w i t h 20 F of the ambient or surrounding tempera-
2.1 Scheduling protection materials ture, all protection may be removed.
All materials and equipment required for protection
shall be available at the project site before cold weather 3.3 - Curing of concrete
concreting. Prevent concrete fi-om drying during the required
curing period. If water curing is used, terminate use at
2.2 - Concrete least 24 hr before any anticipated exposure of the con-
Concrete for slabs and other flatwork exposed to crete to freezing temperatures.
cycles of freezing and thawing in a wet condition dur-
ing the construction period shall be air entrained as
specified in AC1 30 1 even though the concrete may not 3.4 - Protection of concrete
be exposed to freezing in service. 3.4.1 Combustion heaters - Vent flue gases fi-om
combustion heating units to the outside of the enclo-
3 EXECUTION - sure.
3.1 -
Preparation before concreting 3.4.2 Overheating and drying - Place and direct
Remove all snow, ice, and fi-ost fi-om the surfaces, heaters and ducts to avoid areas of overheating or
including reinforcement, against which the concrete is drying of the concrete surface.
to be placed. Before beginning concrete placement, 3.4.3 Maximum air temperature - During the pro-
thaw the subgrade to the depth specified in the Con- tection period, do not expose the concrete surface to air
tract Documents. Do not place concrete around mas- having a temperature more than 20 F above the values
sive embedments identified in the Contract Documents shown in Column 2 of Table 3.2.1, unless higher values
unless such embedments are at a temperature above are required by an accepted curing method.
freezing. 3.4.4 Protection against freezing - Cure and protect
concrete against damage fi-om freezing for a minimum
3.2 - Concrete temperature period of 3 days, unless otherwise specified. Maintain
3.2.1 Placement temperature - The minimum tem- the surface temperature of the concrete during that pe-
perature of concrete immediately after placement shall riod in accordance with Column 2 of Table 3.2. l , un-
be as specified in Column 2 of Table 3.2.1. The tem- less otherwise specified. The protection period may be
perature of concrete as placed shall not exceed the val- reduced to 2 days if use of one or more of the follow-
ues shown in Column 2 of Table 3.2.1 by more than 20 ing to alter the concrete mixture is accepted:
F.
Type III portland cement meeting the require-
Table 3.2.1 - Concrete temperature ments of ASTM C 150
(1)
A strength accelerating admixture meeting the re-
Least dimension of
quirements of ASTM C 494
section, in. 100 lb/yd3 of additional cement
the duration of the protection period to ensure the nec- 3.4.6 Protection deficiency - If the temperature re-
essary strength development. The strength required for quirements during the specified protection period are
formwork removal, for reshoring, or for continued not met but the concrete was prevented fi-om freezing,
construction shall be as specified in the Contract Doc- continue protection until twice the deficiency of pro-
uments for each type of structural member. Veri@ tection in degree-hours is made up. Deficient degree-
whether the required strength has been attained by us- hours may be determined by multiplying the average
ing one or more of the following methods: deficiency in temperature by the number of hours the
temperature was below the values shown in Column 2
of '-y?+L,
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