Heating Page 1 of 1

Heating

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This operation models the increase in temperature of a continuous flow or batch stream. The heat
is provided by an appropriate heating agent that is specified by the user.

UNIT PROCEDURE AVAILABILITY

● Heating

HEATING: MODELING CALCULATIONS

Energy Balance and Equipment Sizing
The energy balance is represented by the following equation:

eq. (A.241)

where:
● Q is the heating duty (kcal/h),
2
● U is the overall heat transfer coefficient (kcal/h-°C-m ),
2
● A is the heat transfer area (m ),
● ΔT is the log mean temperature difference in the system (the driving force) (°C),
● m is the mass flowrate of the stream (kg/h), and
● cp is the specific heat capacity of the stream (kcal/kg-°C).

U is always specified by the user and m and cp are always calculated based on the stream flow and
composition. When the user specifies the exit temperature (equivalent to specifying the value of
ΔT), the above equations are solved for Q and A. When the user specifies the value of Q, the above
equations are solved for ΔT and A. If the calculated A exceeds the maximum heat transfer area,
the program assumes multiple units operating in parallel with a total heat transfer area equal to
the calculated.
In Rating Mode, the calculated heat transfer is compared with the specified and if it is smaller, the
user is advised to increase the heat transfer area and/or the number of units.

HEATING: INTERFACE
The interface of this operation has the following tabs:
● Oper. Cond’s, see Heating: Oper. Cond’s Tab
● Labor, etc, see Operations Dialog: Labor, etc Tab
● Description, see Operations Dialog: Description Tab
● Batch Sheet, see Operations Dialog: Batch Sheet Tab
● Scheduling, see Operations Dialog: Scheduling Tab

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Heater

OVERVIEW
Size / Design Heat Transfer Area
Variable

Costing Variable Heat Transfer Area

(Built-in Model)

Costing Variable Heat Transfer Area in m2

(User-Defined
Model)

Emissions Port No

Hosts Heating

A Heater is used to represent an equipment resource typically used to host a heating procedure
with a main objective to increase the temperature of the material flowing through it. The procedure
can be executed in a batch or continuous mode.
For information on the equipment data interface, see Heater: Equipment Tab.

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Heating: Oper. Cond’s Tab

Variable Definitions, Ranges and Default Values

The following table shows a brief description of the variables appearing in this tab. The table also
displays their default values and their generally acceptable range:

Variable Default Range

Value

◙ Exit Temperature (oC) 25.0 Positive

The temperature of the outlet stream.

◙ Heating Duty (kcal/h) 0.0 Positive

The heat transfer rate of the heating agent.

○ Heating Agent Name <Steam> Any

Indicates the heating agent that is used for the Heating
operation. Click on the list box to bring up a list of Agent
available heating agents in order to select one.

● Inlet Temp. (oC) 152.0 Positive

The inlet temperature of the heating agent.

● Outlet Temp. (oC) 152.0 Positive

The outlet temperature of the heating agent.

● Rate (kg/h) 0.0 Positive

The mass flow rate of the heating agent.

○ Heat Transfer Coeff. (kW/m2-°C) 1.5 Positive

○ Heat Transfer Effic. (%) 100.0 (0,100)

The heat transfer efficiency of the operation.

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○ Setup Time (min) 0.0 Positive

The amount of time (per cycle) spent before each
operation is carried in preparation for the actual
execution of the operation. It may involve actions
like cleaning, vacuuming, setting up of equipment,
etc. which the user opted not to model explicitly.

◙ Process Time (min) 240.0 Positive

The actual duration of the operation (per cycle).

Symbol Key: ○ User-specified value (always input); ● Calculated value (always output); ◙ Sometimes input, sometimes output
Specification Choices / Comments
The following list describes the available specification choices in this tab; for more details on how
these are implemented, see Heating: Modeling Calculations.
• Heating Specifications...
The user has the option to specify either the exit temperature or the heating duty.

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