POWER SYSTEM LABORATORY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI.

Exp. 6 Dep: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Date: 7/3/2023

No.
Name: HARI VARSHAN Roll No.:107120051
Gauss Seidel Method

AIM:
SOFTWARE USED: MATLAB R2021b

ALGORITHM FOLLOWED IN STEPS:

STEP – 1: Start
STEP – 2: Read the given data and initialize it as variables.
STEP – 3: Build an Admittance Bus.
STEP – 4: Calculate the Bus Voltages at buses 2 and 3.
STEP – 5: Use the obtained values to calculate the Power supplied by the Slack Bus, current
flowing in the lines, and Power flow in the lines.
STEP – 6: Using the Power flow in the lines calculate the Power losses in the line.
STEP – 7: Stop.

PROGRAM (CODE) :

D=input(' Enter Line data in the format [FromBus ToBus Impedance_Value]: ');
nl=D(:,1); nr=D(:,2); Z=D(:,3); nbr=length(D(:,1));
nbus=max(max(nl),max(nr)); A=zeros(nbr,nbus); for i=1:1:nbr if nl(i)==0
A(i,nr(i))=1; elseif nr(i)==0 A(i,nl(i))=1; else A(i,nl(i))=1; A(i,nr(i))=-
1; end end

Zpr=zeros(nbr,nbr); for
i=1:1:nbr
Zpr(i,i)=Z(i);
End
ypr=inv(Zpr); Y=
(A')*(ypr)*(A);
disp(Y) V=1.05;
V2=1;
V3=1;
P2=-(2.556-1.102i);
P3=-(1.386-0.452i); for
j=1:1:2
V2=(1/Y(2,2))*((P2/(conj(V2)))-(1.05*Y(2,1))-(V3*Y(2,3)));
V3=(1/Y(3,3))*((P3/(conj(V3)))-(1.05*Y(3,1))-(V2*Y(2,3))); end
SP=(100*V)*((V*Y(1,1))+(V2*Y(2,1))+(V3*Y(3,1)));
I12=Y(1,2)*(V2-V);
I13=Y(1,3)*(V3-V);
I23=Y(2,3)*(V3-V2);
S12=(100*V)*conj(I12);
S13=(100*V)*conj(I13);
S23=(100*V2)*conj(I23);
S21=(100*V2)*conj(-I12);
S31=(100*V3)*conj(-I13);
S32=(100*V3)*conj(-I23);
Sl12=S12+S21;
Sl13=S13+S31;
Sl23=S23+S32;
fprintf(" a) The bus voltages (magnitude and phase)\n");
fprintf("Voltage at Bus1:%d %d pu \n",abs(V),angle(V));
fprintf("Voltage at Bus2:%d %d pu \n",abs(V2),angle(V2));
fprintf("Voltage at Bus3:%d %d pu \n\n",abs(V3),angle(V3));
fprintf(" b)Active and reactive power flows in the line\n"); fprintf("Active
Power flow between bus 1 and 2 line: %f MW\n",real(S12)); fprintf("Active Power
flow between bus 1 and 3 line: %f MW\n",real(S13)); fprintf("Active Power flow
between bus 2 and 3 line: %f MW\n",real(S23)); fprintf("Active Power flow
between bus 2 and 1 line: %f MW\n",real(S21)); fprintf("Active Power flow
between bus 3 and 1 line: %f MW\n",real(S31)); fprintf("Active Power flow
between bus 3 and 2 line: %f MW\n",real(S32)); fprintf("Reactive Power flow
between bus 1 and 2 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(S12)); fprintf("Reactive Power flow
between bus 1 and 3 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(S13)); fprintf("Reactive Power flow
between bus 2 and 3 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(S23)); fprintf("Reactive Power flow
between bus 2 and 1 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(S21)); fprintf("Reactive Power flow
between bus 3 and 1 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(S31)); fprintf("Reactive Power flow
between bus 3 and 2 line: %f MVAr\n\n",imag(S32));
fprintf(" c)Active and reactive power losses in the lines\n");
fprintf("Active Power losses in 12 line: %f MW\n",real(Sl12));
fprintf("Active Power losses in 13 line: %f MW\n",real(Sl13));
fprintf("Active Power losses in 23 line: %f MW\n",real(Sl23));
fprintf("Reactive Power losses in 12 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(Sl12));
fprintf("Reactive Power losses in 13 line: %f MVAr\n",imag(Sl13));
fprintf("Reactive Power losses in 23 line: %f MVAr\n\n",imag(Sl23));

fprintf(" d)Active and reactive power supplied by the slack bus\n");

fprintf("Active power supplied by the slack bus: %f MW\n",real(SP));
fprintf("Reactive power supplied by the slack bus: %f MVAr\n",-imag(SP));
MATLAB OUTPUT:

OBSERVATION:

● The values of voltages of each bus approaches a value for successive iterations.

● Gauss-Seidel method is an iterative algorithm for solving a set of non-linear algebraic equations.

● This method is a little time consuming but can provide better results. Its process of convergence
can be sped up by using voltage correction methods.

INFERENCE:

● Load flow studies are the computational procedures (numerical algorithms) required

to determine the steady-state operating characteristics of a power system network

from the given line data and bus data.

● For solving the set of simultaneous nonlinear algebraic power equations, numerical methods such
as the Gauss-Seidel method and Newton-Raphson method are needed.