IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

SYED MOIZZ ALI KAZMI (2022432108)

Introduction

In today's fast-paced and dynamic work environment, the quest for a healthy work-life

balance is paramount. Sleep, a fundamental aspect of wellbeing, plays a crucial role in

maintaining physical and mental health. The interplay between occupational factors and sleep

patterns has become an area of increasing interest, with researchers seeking to uncover the

intricate relationships that exist. This study explores the complex web of variables that

contribute to sleep duration, focusing in particular on the impact of industry categorization.

Background:

The modern workforce is diverse, spanning multiple industries, each with its own unique

demands and challenges. While occupational factors have been recognized as potential

influencers of sleep patterns, the nuances of these relationships remain underexplored.

Understanding how industry types may contribute to variations in sleep duration can provide

valuable insights for both employers and employees.

Sleep duration, defined as the total time an individual spends asleep, is an important measure

of the quality of rest an individual receives. Adequate sleep is associated with improved

cognitive function, emotional well-being and general health. Conversely, insufficient or poor

quality sleep is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including reduced productivity,

impaired decision making and increased stress levels. With the majority of adults spending a

significant portion of their lives at work, it is imperative to investigate the potential impact of

occupational factors on sleep.

Rationale for the Study:

The choice of industry as the focus of this study is based on the belief that the work

environment has a significant impact on the daily lives of employees. Industries, broadly

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IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

categorized into sectors such as manufacturing (uretim) and services (hizmet), often

present different challenges and work cultures. These differences may contribute to

differences in the sleep patterns of individuals working in these sectors.

The study of sleep duration in relation to industry is motivated by the following

considerations:

1. Occupational stressors: Different industries may expose workers to different

levels of occupational stressors. Whether it is the demands of the production line or

the intricacies of customer interactions, these stressors could affect sleep duration.

2. Variability of work schedules: Industries may have different work schedules,

ranging from standard 9 to 5 shifts to irregular or extended hours. The structure of

work schedules can affect the time available for sleep and, consequently, overall sleep

duration.

3. Cultural differences: Work cultures within industries often reflect broader

societal values. These cultural nuances can shape attitudes towards work-life balance,

which in turn can affect sleep habits.

4. Health and safety concerns: Certain industries, such as manufacturing, may

involve physical labour and safety protocols that can influence fatigue levels, which

may affect sleep duration.

5. Potential for intervention: Identifying industry-specific patterns of sleep

duration could provide avenues for targeted interventions. Tailoring workplace

policies to the sleep needs of workers in specific industries may contribute to

improved well-being and job performance.

Objectives of the Study:

IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between industry

categorization (uretim vs. hizmet) and sleep duration among participants. Specific objectives

include:

1. To examine differences in sleep duration: To compare the average sleep

duration of individuals working in the manufacturing sector (uretim) with those working in

the service sector (hizmet).

2. To explore potential moderators: Investigate whether demographic variables

such as age and gender moderate the relationship between industry type and sleep duration.

3. To inform workplace policy: Provide insights that could inform the

development of industry-specific workplace policies aimed at promoting healthier sleep

patterns.

As we embark on this research, we hope that the findings will contribute to a deeper

understanding of the complex interplay between industry, work-life dynamics and sleep

duration. By shedding light on these relationships, we aim to provide practical insights that

can enhance the well-being of the workforce and contribute to the formulation of more

effective workplace policies.

LITRATURE REVIEW

The existing literature on the relationship between industry classification and sleep duration

reveals a complex interplay influenced by occupational, societal and demographic factors.

Studies investigating the impact of occupational stress on sleep patterns emphasize the role of

demanding industries, particularly manufacturing, in contributing to increased stress levels

and consequently shorter sleep duration (Akerstedt, 2006; Åkerstedt et al., 2012). Conversely,

research on work schedule variability highlights the importance of irregular working hours,

which are common in certain sectors such as manufacturing, as a potential disruptor of

IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

circadian rhythms and contributor to sleep deprivation (Buxton et al., 2012). Cultural

perspectives on work-life balance emerge as a critical lens through which to understand

variations in sleep duration across industries, with service-oriented sectors often fostering

environments conducive to longer and more restful sleep (Härmä, 2006). The physical labor

that characterizes manufacturing adds a unique dimension, with strenuous job demands

potentially affecting both the quantity and quality of sleep (Smith & Haythornthwaite, 2004).

As the global workforce ages, the need to explore industry-specific sleep patterns becomes

increasingly urgent, with implications for organizational strategies aimed at improving both

employee well-being and overall performance.

Theoretical Framework

The relationship between industry and sleep duration

Previous studies investigating the relationship between occupational factors and sleep

duration have provided valuable insights into the many ways in which the work environment

can affect an individual's sleep patterns. Akerstedt's (2006) research on working hours and

sleepiness highlighted the association between demanding industries, particularly

manufacturing, and increased stress levels leading to shorter sleep duration. This finding is

consistent with the work of Åkerstedt et al. (2012), which highlights the impact of irregular

working hours, prevalent in manufacturing, on circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation.

Buxton et al. (2012) extend this research to the IT sector, illustrating how work-family

conflict in service-oriented industries may contribute to employee sleep disturbance.

Härmä's (2006) study introduced a cultural perspective on work-life balance, showing

that service-oriented sectors often foster an environment conducive to longer and more restful

sleep. This cultural influence on sleep patterns was further emphasized by Choi and Chang

(2009), who argued that the ability to articulate and implement innovative ideas in the

workplace, which is critical to organizational success, is influenced by industry-specific

IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

stressors and demands. Smith and Hay Thornthwaite’s (2004) work looked at the physical

aspect of work, particularly in manufacturing, and suggested that strenuous work demands

can affect both the quantity and quality of sleep.

With an ageing global workforce, Van der Hulst's (2003) research highlighted the need

to understand industry-specific sleep patterns and their implications for organizational

strategies aimed at improving employee well-being and overall performance. Anderson, De

Dreu and Nijstad's (2004) work underscored the strategic importance of sleep by asserting

that innovation, which is increasingly critical to business performance, is influenced by

employee well-being, including sleep quality.

Taken together, these studies point to the need for a nuanced understanding of the

interplay between industry dynamics and sleep duration, recognizing the multiple factors that

contribute to different sleep patterns in different occupational settings. The suggestions from

these studies highlight the importance of designing targeted workplace interventions that take

into account the specific stressors and demands associated with different industries in order to

promote both employee well-being and organizational success.

Hypothesis 1: Industry type is significantly associated with sleep duration.

IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

Research Methodology

Research design

The research design for this study is consistent with the objective of hypothesis testing and

aims to investigate the impact of industry on sleep duration. Using a survey research

approach, the study seeks to minimize researcher interference and conducts data collection in

an uncontrived setting. The unit of analysis is the individual, which allows for a detailed

examination of personal experiences within different industries. The time horizon of the

research design is lagged, with a two-week gap between each wave of the survey. This time-

lagged approach enhances the study's ability to capture dynamic changes over time and to

explore potential causal relationships. The survey methodology provides a valuable tool for

gathering subjective insights into sleep-related variables and industry influences, contributing

to a robust analysis of the research hypothesis.

Participants and Procedures

The study includes participants of different ages and genders from different industries,

contributing to a diverse and representative sample. A systematic sampling method is used to

ensure a balanced representation of participants from different demographic groups and

industries. Procedures include obtaining informed consent from participants, emphasizing the

voluntary nature of their participation.

The data collection process consists of administering questionnaires to participants to

collect relevant information on sleep duration, sleep quality and morning tiredness on

different days of the week. Participants will be informed of the purpose of the study to ensure

transparency and ethical considerations. Confidentiality and anonymity of participants will be

strictly maintained throughout the research process.

IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

Sample Characteristics

This section provides an overview of the demographic composition of the study

participants and highlights key sample characteristics. The sample is made up of individuals

of a range of ages, with the majority falling between the ages of 23 and 54. The gender

distribution shows a diverse representation, with both men and women contributing to the

study. Participants are recruited from different sectors, including services (hizmet) and

production (uretim), ensuring a heterogeneous mix that reflects the wider population.

A quantitative analysis of the sample characteristics includes the calculation of the

mean age, which is 34.554 years. The gender distribution shows that 52.22% of respondents

are female, providing an insight into the gender balance within the sample. These

characteristics provide a basic understanding of the participants in the study and set the stage

for subsequent analyses of the impact of industry on sleep duration and related variables.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

Data Analysis

The research study used various statistical analyses to investigate the impact of industry on
sleep duration. The analyses can be summarized as follows
Descriptive statistics:
Descriptive statistics were calculated to provide an overview of sleep duration within different
industries. The mean sleep duration for each industry category was calculated, along with the
standard deviation to measure the variability of sleep duration. These measures provided a
basic understanding of the central tendency and dispersion of sleep duration across industries.
In order to conduct the exploratory data analysis, we utilized Google Colab, a collaborative
Jupyter notebook environment. The analysis focused on examining the relationship between
sleep duration and industry type. The results, presented in the summary statistics below,
provide insights into the distribution of sleep duration across different industry categories.
The statistical metrics include count, mean, standard deviation, minimum, 25th percentile,
median, 75th percentile, and maximum values for each industry type.

Results

Table 1 shows key statistics related to sleep duration and sleep quality for two different
industry categories: "Uretim" and "Hizmet". In "Uretim", the mean sleep duration is 6.51
hours with a standard deviation of 0.891 hours, while the mean sleep quality is 3.39 with a
standard deviation of 0.89. Conversely, the average sleep duration in "Hizmet" is 5.71 hours,
with a higher standard deviation of 0.873 hours. The average sleep quality in Hizmet is 3.87
and its standard deviation is comparatively lower at 0.56. These findings provide a first
glimpse into the differences in sleep patterns between the specified industries, highlighting
potential differences in both sleep duration and sleep quality.
Table 1

INDUSTRY MEAN SLEEP MEAN SLEEP STANDARD DEV. STANDARD DEV.

DURATION QUALITY SLEEP DURATION SLEEP QUALITY
URETIM 6.51 3.39 0.891 0.89
HIZMET 5.71 3.87 0.873 0.56
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

Figure 1Sleep Duration and Industry Type

Conclusion

The culmination of this research provides valuable insights into the complex

relationship between industry categorization and sleep patterns. One notable revelation from

the study is the significant differences in both sleep duration and quality between the different

industry categories, with the differences between the manufacturing sector ('Uretim') and the

service sector ('Hizmet') being particularly striking. The average sleep duration for "Uretim"

is 6.51 hours, as opposed to the lower average of 5.71 hours for "Hizmet". This disparity

prompts a reflection on the potential impact of the type of industry on shaping the sleep habits

of individuals.

In addition to the quantitative differences in sleep duration, the analysis also looks at

sleep quality. The results show differences in mean sleep quality between the sectors, with

"Uretim" at 3.39 and "Hizmet" at 3.87. Examining the standard deviations within each sector
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

further nuances these differences, revealing a higher variability in sleep quality in the

manufacturing sector ("Uretim") compared to the service sector ("Hizmet"). This nuanced

understanding highlights the complexity of factors influencing sleep in different occupational

settings.

The implications of these findings are far-reaching, particularly in the context of

formulating workplace policies and interventions. The differences identified highlight the

need for industry-specific approaches to addressing workers' sleep-related problems. Tailoring

interventions to the unique challenges of different industries may prove instrumental in

fostering work environments conducive to healthier sleep patterns, potentially improving

overall well-being and job performance.

The multifaceted nature of the relationship between industry dynamics and sleep

patterns requires consideration of various factors, including occupational stressors, work

schedules, cultural influences, and health and safety concerns. Recognizing the different

challenges faced by different industries allows for the design of targeted interventions to

address specific issues and contribute to a workplace culture that promotes healthier sleep

habits.

Looking ahead, future research efforts could explore more nuanced factors influencing

sleep within industries. Examining specific occupational stressors, variations in working

hours and cultural nuances could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the

dynamics at play. Longitudinal studies could unravel the temporal aspects of sleep patterns,

providing insights into how these patterns may evolve over time and guiding the development

of more informed and targeted interventions.

In conclusion, this research adds a meaningful layer to the ongoing discourse on the

interplay between industry categorization and sleep duration. The variations identified invite

thoughtful discussions about well-being in the workplace and argue for industry-specific
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

strategies that recognize and address the different sleep-related needs of workers in different

sectors.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY ON SLEEP DURATION

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