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1 EC | 11-02-2024

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2 EC | 11-02-2024

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3 EC | 11-02-2024
Question 1
1 1 1
If   1
log 2 x log 3 x log 4 x , then the value of x is ________.
Ans. (24)
Sol..
1 1 1
  1
log 2 x log 3 x log 4 x

5 A  15  2F

log x 24  1

x=24

Question 2
Four chalks with radius 0.5 cm each and length 10 cm are bound by a tape of width equal to the length
of the chalk. Then the area bounded by the tape is ______ cm2.

Ans. (71.416)
Sol..

Length of tape = (2r )  4  2 r

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4 EC | 11-02-2024
 8r  2 r
 8  0.5  2   0.5
 4 
=7.1416
Area of tape  10  7.1416

 71.416 cm 2 or 10(4   )

Question 3
5 years ago, Aman and his father’s age was in the ratio 1 : 4. 5 years from now, the ratio will be 2 : 5.
The age of father at the time of birth of Aman was ________ years.
Ans. (30)
Sol..
Let, the present age of father be F and that of Aman is A.
A5 1
 ...(1)
F 5 4
Also
A5 2
 ...(2)
F 5 5
From (1)
4 A  20  F  5
4 A 15  F ...(3)

From (2)
5 A  25  2F 10
5 A  15  2F ...(4)
Simultaneously solving (3) and (4), we get
A=15
F=45
Age of father at the time of birth of Aman = 30 years.

Question 4

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PAGE GATE -2024
5 EC | 11-02-2024
Complete the analogy.
Bored ________ Weary
(A) Baffled (B) Dead
(C) Worsted (D) Jaded
Ans. (D)

Question 5
Given 3199  3196 . The maximum value of prime factor is _______.

Ans. (13)
Sol..

3199  3196

3196  33  1

3196  26

3190 131  21
Prime factors = 3,13,2
Maximum value of prime factor = 13.

Question 6
A paper is given below.

Following operations are performed on this.

Operations:
A. Paper fold axis parallel to longer side
B. Paper fold axis parallel to shorter side
Ans. (14:11)
Sol..

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6 EC | 11-02-2024

28
Ratio   14 /11  14 :11
22

Question 7
P, Q, R, S and T have launched a new startup. Two of them are sibling. The office of the startup has just
three rooms. All of them agree that the sibling should not share the same room. If S and Q are single
children and the room allocation shown below are acceptable.
PR, T S, Q, PQ, R T, S
Then which one of the given options consists of the siblings?
(A) T and Q (B) T and S

(C) T and R (D) P and T

Ans. (D)
Sol..
From options elimination, option (D) is the answer.
Question 8
Sequence the following sentences (P, Q, R and S) in a coherent passage.
P: Shifu’s student exclaimed, “why do you run since the bull is an illusion”.
Q: Shifu said, "surely my running away from the bull is also an illusion”.

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7 EC | 11-02-2024
R: Shifu once proclaimed that all life is illusion.
S: one day when a bull gave him chase, shifubegan running for his life.
(A) SPRQ (B) SRPQ
(c) RSPQ (D) RPQS
Ans. (C)

Question 9
Consider the image given below.

At first its mirror image is taken and then its water image is taken. After this the final image will look
like
Ans.

Sol.
Given:

Question 10
For non degenerately doped n-type silicon, which one of the following plot represents the temperature
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8 EC | 11-02-2024
(T) dependence of free electrons concentration(n)?
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D) None of these

Ans. (C)
Sol.
Correct option is (C).

Question 11

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PAGE GATE -2024
9 EC | 11-02-2024
A digital communication system transmits through a noiseless bandlimited channel [-w,w]. The
received signal z(t) at output of receiving filter is given by z(t)  b(n)x(t  nT) , where b(n) are the
b

symbols and x(t) is the overall system response to single symbol. The received signal is sampled at t =
mT. The fourier transform of x(t) is X(f). The Nyquist condition that X(f) must satisfy for zero inter
symbol interference at the receiver is

 m 1
(A)  X  f  T   T
m

1
(B)  X  f  mT   T
m 

 m
(C)  X  f  T   T
m

(D)  X  f  mT   T
m

Ans. (C)
Sol.
Zero ISI
x(t) is pulse

 x(t).δ(t-nT) = S(t)

1  2 
 X()*  S(  ns )   1
2  T 

  X(  n )  T
n
s


 m
 X  f  T   T 
m

Question 12
Consider the closed loop Amplifier circuit shown below, the magnitude of open loop low frequency
small signal voltage gain is 40. All the transistors are biased in saturation.The correct source I ss is
ideal.Neglect body effect, channel length modulation and intrinsic device capacitance.The closed loop
low frequency small signal voltage gain (round off to three decimal places) is_________.

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10 EC | 11-02-2024

Ans. 0.975
Sol.
The formula used for closed loop voltage gain ACL
A OL
A CL  (for negative feedback)
1  A OL

 =1
Here and negative feedback
40 40
ACL    0.9756
1   40  1 41

ACL = 0.975

Question 13
Suppose X and Y are indentically independent Random Variables uniformly distributed in [0, 1].
Probability that P(x  y) = _________.

Ans. (0.5)
Sol.

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11 EC | 11-02-2024

Area of theshaded region

Re quired Pr obability 
Area of samplespace

1
 1 1
1
2   0.5
1 2

Question 14
y(t)  (At  B)e2t is complimentary function of which one of the following differential equations?

(A)  D2  4D  4  y  0
(B)  D2  4D  4  y  0
(C)  D2  4D  4  y  0
(D)  D2  4D  4  y  0

Ans. (B)
Sol.
y(t)  (At  B)e2t is the solution

Therefore, roots are -2, -2

So, differential equation is

 D  2 y0
2

D 2
 4D  4  y  0

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12 EC | 11-02-2024
Question 15
{[2, -3, a][3, -1, 3] and [1, -5, 7]} are not forming a basis. The vectors are not linearly independent. Then
the value of a = _________.
Ans. (5)
Sol.
Given that the vectors are not L.I.

A 0

2 3 a
3 1 3  0
1 5 7

2(-7 + 15) + 3(21-3) + a(-15 + 1) = 0

16 + 54 – 14a = 0
14a = 70
a=5

Question 16

 = (x, y, z, t), u  u(x,y,z,t) . If  .( u)  0 , then which of the following is/are correct?
t

(A)  t dv   .(u)dv
S S


(B)  t dv   (u)nˆ ds
S S


(C)  t dv   u.nˆ ds
V S


(D)  dv   u. nds
ˆ 
V
t S

Ans. (A & C)
Sol.
f
Given that  .( u)  0
t

 .( u)
t

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13 EC | 11-02-2024

dv  .( u)dv
t


 t dv   .(u)dv
V S


 t dv   u.nds
V S
ˆ

Question 17
sin z
The value of I   z (z  2) dz where z = 3 is
c
2

(A) -2j
(B) 2j
(C) 22j
(D) -22j
Ans. (A)
Sol. Given:
sin z
I  z (z  2) dz
c
2
: z 3

Poles z  0,0 z 2
 
Multiplepole simple pole

Both are inside the given circle z  3

sin z
I  z (z  2) dz
c
2

 sin z   sin z 
 2   
 z   z2 
=  dz   dz
c1
(z  2) c2
(z  0)

 sin 2  d  sin z  
 2j   2     
 z  dz  z  2  z 0 

 2 cos 0 
 2j  0  
 4 

42 j
  2 j
4

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14 EC | 11-02-2024
Question 18
Find Ix

Ans. (14/3 mA)

Sol..

By nodal
V1 V
5  2 2  0
1 1
V1 + V2 = 7 . . . (1)
V2 – V1 = 1000I0
V1
I0 
1k
V2 – V1 = 1 . . . (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2)
14
V2 
3
14
Ix  mA
3
Question 19
Find RL (in ohm) for maximum power transfer across RL

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15 EC | 11-02-2024

[NAT]

Ans. (2.5)
Sol.

I1 + I2 = IT
VT  50  Vx VT  50
  IT
2 5

1 1  V
VT     35  x  IT
2 5 2

Vx = 3I2

 V  50 
Vx  3  T 
 5 

1 1 3 
VT      35  15  IT
 2 5 10 

10 200
VT  IT 
4 4
5
R TH  
2
5
RL  
2

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16 EC | 11-02-2024
Question 20
If one root of the equation x2-12x + 37 = 0 is 8, then the base of the system is_______.
Ans. (11)
Sol.
x2 – 12x + 37 = 0

Sum of the roots,  +  = 12

(8 + )10 = (12)r
8+=r+2

Produce of roots,  = (37)r

(8)10 = (37)r

(8)10 = (3r + 7)10 . . . (1)

(8 + )10 = (r + 2)10 . . . (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2)
r = 11

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17 EC | 11-02-2024

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18 EC | 11-02-2024

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19 EC | 11-02-2024
Question 21
In a Bode magnitude plot, a slope of 40 db/dec is equivalent to
(A) 12dB / octave
(B) 20 dB/ octave
(C) 6 dB/ octave
(D) 16 dB/octave
Ans: (A)
Sol; As we know that,
20 n dB/ dec = 6 n dB/ oct
 (20  2)dB / dec  (6  2)dB / oct

 40 dB/ dec  12 dB/ oct.

Question 22
A casual discrete time LTI system has transfer function given as

2z2  3
H ( z) 
 1  1
 z   z  
 3  3

Which of the options is/are true?

(A) System is minimum phase
(B) The final value of the impulse response is zero
(C) The initial value of the impulse response is 2.
(D) System is stable
Ans. (B, C & D)
Sol..
Option (A):
Both poles are inside the unit circle but zero is outside the unit circle. So, given system is not a
minimum phase system.
Option (B):

(z  1)(2z 2  3)
lim h(n)  lim(z  1)H(z)  0
n  z 1 1 1
(z  )(z  )
3 3
Option (C):

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20 EC | 11-02-2024
3
2 2
lim h(n)  lim H(z)  z 2
n 0 z  1 1
(1  )(1  )
3z 3z
Option (D):
Both the poles are inside the unit circle. So, the system is stable.
Options (B), (C), and (D) are correct.

Question 23
A Causal and stable LTI system, with impulse response h(t ) produces output y (t ) for input x(t ) . A
signal x(0.5t ) is applied to another Causal and stable LTI system with impulse response h(0.5t ) . What
is the output?

 1 
Ans.  y( 0.5t)
 0.5 
Sol..

x(t)  
h(t )
 y(t)
.
y(t)  x(t)  h(t)

x(0.5t) 
h(0.5t )
?

We know that

1
x(at)  h(at)  y(at)
a
1
x(0.5t)  h(0.5t)  y(0.5t)
0.5

Question 24

An amplitude Modulator has output (in Volts) given as

s(t )  A cos(400 t )  B cos(360 t )  B cos(440 t )

The carrier power normalized to 1 resistance is 50 Watts. The ratio of sideband power to the total
1
power is .The value of B (in volts) is______.
9

Ans. (2.5)

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21 EC | 11-02-2024
Sol.

s (t )  A cos(400 t )  B cos(360 t )  B cos(440 t )

 
carrier Side band
A2 B2 B2
Pc  PSB    B2
2 2 2

PC =50

A2
  50
2

 A2  100

Sideband Power 1

Total Power 9

B2 1
2

A 9
 B2
2

B2 1

50  B 2
9

9 B 2  50  B 2

50
B2 
8

5
B  50 / 8  25 / 4   2.5Volts
2

Question 25
In the circuit below assume that the long channel NMOS transistor is biased in saturation. The small
signal transconductance of the transistor is gm. Neglect body effect, channel length modulation and
intrinsic device capacitance. The small signal input impedance Zi  j  is

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22 EC | 11-02-2024

1 1  gn 1
(A)  (B) 
jCi jCL Ci CL 2
jCi  jCL

 gn 1 1 gn 1 1
(C)   (D)  
Ci CL 2
jCi jCL Ci CL 2
jCi jCL

Ans. (C)
Sol.
Small signal Model

V0 (s)
Zi (j) 
Ii (s)

 V1 = ZciIi
Applying KVL in input loop
-V0 + IiZci + IiZCL + gmViZCL = 0

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23 EC | 11-02-2024
-V0 + IiZCi + IiZCL + gmZCiIiZCL = 0
V0
 Z Ci  Z CL  gmZ CiZ CL
Ii

1 1 g
   2m
jCi jCL  CL Ci

Question 26
Two vector fields are given as

F1  yaˆ x  xaˆ y

F2  yaˆ x  xaˆ y

(A) only F1 is electrostatic field

(B) neither F1 nor F2 is electrostatic field

(C) only F2 is electrostatic field

(D) Both F1 and F2 are electrostatic fields

Ans. (A)
Sol.

All electrostatic fields are conservative. So, for a electrostatic field curl must be zero i.e.,  F  0

aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z
  
  F1 
x y z
y x 0

0

aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z
  
  F2 
x y z
y x 0

0

So, F1 is electrostatic field but not F2 .

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24 EC | 11-02-2024

Question 27

6
Input is r (t )  u (t ) and G( s)  . Then
s( s  1)( s  2)

1
(A) lim e(t ) 
t  4
(B) lim e(t )  0
t 

(C) lim e(t ) does not exist and e(t) is oscillatory

t 

1
(D) lim e(t ) 
t  3
Ans. (C)
Sol.
Using final value theorem

 sR(s) 
lim e(t)  lim  
s 0 1  G(s)H(s)
t 
 
All the poles of RHS must be in LHP. Then only LHS = RHS

 1 s(s  1)(s  2) 
 lim  3 
 s  3s 2s  6 
s 0 2

Internal product = External product

So, all the poles will lie on jω axis.
Thus, final value theorem is not applicable and the error will be oscillatory.
So, option (C) is correct.
Question 28

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PAGE GATE -2024
25 EC | 11-02-2024
k
G( s) 
( s  1)( s  2)( s  3)

The impulse response of the closed loop system decays faster than e  t if
(A) 24„ k„  6 (B) 4„ k„ 1

(C) 7  k  21 (D) 1 k  5
Ans. (D)

Sol.

e  t s3  (2  P)s 2  (4  2P) s  4P  0  (3)

The impulse response of the closed loop system decays faster than e  t . Then it means that the time
constant if the impulse response of the closed loop system should be less than 1 sec and it isonly
possible if its poles lie in the left hand side of s = -1 line.

Ch. eqn :- ( s  1)( s  2)( s  3)  k  0

Substituting s = z-1

( z )( z  1)( z  2)  k  0  z 3  3z 2  2 z  k  0

For stability 3 2  k 1  k  6
When 0<k<6 all the poles will lie in the left side of z = 0 i.e., s = -1
Option (D) is satisfied..

Question 29

1 k (s   )
G( s)  G2 ( s) 
s2 ( s  4)

Where  and k are positive constants. In order for the closed loop system to have polesat 1  j 3 ,

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26 EC | 11-02-2024
then the value of  should be
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) 3 (D) 2
Ans. (A)
Sol.
Characteristic equation of the given system is
k (s   )
1  0  s 3  4s 2  ks   k  0  (1)
s ( s  4)
2

Poles of the given system must be at

s  1  j 3,  P

The characteristic equation of the system can also be written as

( s  P)( s  1  j 3 )( s  1  j 3 )  0

( s  P)  s 2  2s  1  3  0

s3  2s 2  4s  Ps 2  2Ps  4P  0

s3   2  P  s2   2P  4 s  4P  0 ...(2)

Comparing 1 and 2, we get

2 P  4 P  2
4 2
4P   k     1
8

Question 30
In solar cell voltage corresponds to maximum voltage point is 0.3V. The photocurrent is 1mA. The
thermal voltage is 30 mV. The reverse saturation current (in nA) is _________

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Ans. (45.30)
Sol.

Given VOC = 0.3V, ISC = 1mA, VTH = 30mV

 I 
VOC  VTH ln 1  SC 
 I0 

IO = Reverse saturation current

I 
 VOC  VTH ln SC  ( ignoring 1)
 I0 
ISC
 eVOC /VTH 
I0

ISC 1  103
 I0   3  45.30 nA
eVOC /VTH e0.3/3010

Question 31
P-substance MOS capacitor with t ox (oxide thickness) = 100 nm and QOX(oxide charge) = 10-8 C/cm2.
Work function energy of metal qm = 4.6 eV, ox = 40, 0 = 8.85 × 10-14 F/cm. If the flat band voltage
is zero, then work function energy of semiconductor is__________ eV.
Ans. (4.3)
Sol.
Give Qox = 10-8 C/cm2, VFB = 0, qm = 4.6 eV
Q ox
 VFB   ms
Cox

Q ox 108
Now, 
Cox ox /tox

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10 8 10 8 10
 14
 9

4  8.85  10 35.4  10 35.4
8
100  10  100
VFB = 0
10
VFB   Q ms
35.4
10
ms 
35.4
10
m  s 
35.4
10
4.6  s 
35.4
10
s  4.6   4.3 Volt
35.4
qs = 4.3 eV

Question 32
In a semiconductor the concentration graph with distance x is given. Then which of the following
options is/are correct?

(A) In between B and C, the diffusion current is from C to B.

(B) In between B and C, the diffusion current is from B to C.
(C) In between A and C, the drift current is from A to C.
(D) In between A and C, the electric field is from C to A.
Ans. (B & D)
Sol.
Consider in between B and C

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 Electron concentration is more at C than B

 So, diffusion of electrons takes place from C to B
 And diffusion current is from B to C
So option A is wrong and option B is correct.
Now consider A and C.

 Electron concentration is more at C than A

 So diffusion of electrons takes place from C to A
 When electron diffuses, positive ions left at C.

 Direction of drift current is from C to A. So option C is wrong.

 Direction of electric field is from C to A. So option D is correct.

Question 33
Which of the following options is/are correct?

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(A) In low level injection the  decreases with increase in collector current.
(B) In high level injection the  decreases with increase in collector current.
(C)  in saturation region is less than in active region.
(D)  decreases with increase breakdown collector emitter voltage.
Ans. (B & C)
Sol.
In BJT

 At high level injection  Base current increases so collector current decreases.

 Option A is wrong
 (dec) with increase in collector current but  increases.
 Option B is correct because it occurs in high level injection.
 Option C : C is correct.
active> sat
IC(sat)
  : IB increase, IC current saturate  decrease.
I 

: Active region as IB increases, collector current increase. So,  also increase

Option D
1/n
1
BVCEO  BVCBO  


 Base current increase BVCEO decreases

 IB BVCEO
 B small  Base current more
BVCEO decreases
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 D is wrong.

Question 34
W
MOS is in linear region with operating point I DS = 5μA and VDS = 0.1 Volt, nCox  50A / V 2 . When
L
VGS = constant and VDS = 1.5V, then its transconductance at operating point (in A / V ) is

Ans. (52.5)
Sol.
Linear region

W VDS2 
IDS  nCox (VGS  Vth )VDS  
L  2 

 6 1.52 
5A  50  10 (VGS  Vth )1.5 
 2 

 VGS – Vth = 1.05V

VDS = 1.5V > VGS – Vth (saturation)
nCox W
gm   VGS  Vth 
2 L
50A
 (1.05)
2

gm  52.5 A / V

Question 35
Consider the circuit shown below.

Power dissipation (in mW) in Zener diode is

Ans. (2.5)

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Sol.
 Capacitor is charged upto 10V.
 When switch is closed capacitor start discharging towards Zener diode and capacitor is discharge upto
5V.
 Zener diode will breakdown and current in the circuit is zero
 Maximum dissipation will happen at the beginning of discharge operation.
10  5
 Imax   0.5mA
10k
 Pmax= VZImax
= 5 V × 0.5 mA = 2.5 mW

Question 36
A lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance Zo  50ohm , is terminated with an unknown
load. If the magnitude of reflection coefficient | K | 0.6 , then the maximum value of input impedance (in ohm)
is ______.
Ans. (200)
Sol. Given,
Z0 = 50 ohm

k = 0.6

1  k 1.6
VSWR  = 4
1 k 0.4

Maximum impedance,
Zmax  VSWR  Zo  4  50  200

Question 37
If y(n) = DFT(DFT(DFT(DFT(x(n))))) and x(n) = {0, 1, 2, 3}, then y(0) is ________.
Ans. (0)
Sol.

x(n) 
2 times DFT
 N.x(n) mod N 
2 times DFT
 N.Nx(n)
 N 2 x(n)
 y(n)

So, y(0) = N2x(0) = 0

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Question 38
A source transmits symbols from an alphabet of size 16. The value of maximum achievable entropy (in
bits) is _________.
Ans. (4)
Sol.
Hmax  log 2 16  4

Question 39
Essential prime implicants of function F = ∑ m (0,2,5,7,8,10,12,13,14,15) are
(A) BD, B’D’
(B) AB, B’D’
(C) BD, AB
(D) BD, B’D’, AB
Ans. (A)
Sol.

So, EPIs are BD, B’D’.

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