Chapter 1

Previous Year Questions

ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS

1. State true or false : (b) Obtain an expression for torque acting on it.
Two field lines never intersect. ANS: (a) It is the product of magnitude of charge
True and distance of separation

2. Explain the basic properties of electric 𝑝⃗ = 𝑞 × 2𝑙⃗

charge.
a) quantization of charge 𝑞 = ±Ne
(ii) Additively of charge 𝑞 = q1 + q2 + ⋯
(iii) Scalar quantity
(iv) Conservation of charge

3. (a) What is an electric dipole? (1)

(b) Obtain the expression for the electric field
intensity at a point on the axial line of an electric
dipole.
a) Two equal and opposite charges separated by Force acting on each charge are, 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸, acting
small vector distance in opposite direction
b) Torque,
1 𝑞
𝐸+ = − (1) 𝜏 = Force × Ir distance
4𝜋𝜉 (𝑟 − 𝑙)2
= 𝑞𝐸 × 𝐴𝐶
1 𝑞
𝐸− = − (2) = 𝑞𝐸 × 𝐴𝐵sin𝜃
4𝜋𝜉 (𝑟 + 𝑙)2
= 𝑞𝐸 × 2ℓsin𝜃
𝐸 = 𝐸+ − 𝐸−
𝑞 1 1 = 𝑃𝐸sin𝜃
= [ − ]
4𝜋𝜉 (𝑟 − 𝑙)2 (𝑟 + 𝑙)2 6. (a) What do you understand by the term
𝑞 × 4𝑟𝑙 electric flux ? Write its S.I. unit. (2)
=
4𝜋𝜉 (𝑟 2 − 𝑙2 )2 (b) Using Gauss's theorem, find the electric
1 2𝑝 field intensity at a point
𝐸 =
4𝜋𝜉 𝑟 3
4. Name the physical quantity whose S.I. unit (i) outside the spherical shell.
is NC−1 . (ii) inside the spherical shell.
ANS: Electric intensity E=F/q (a) It is the number of electric field lines passing
perpendicular through an area:
5. An electric dipole of dipole moment p is
placed in a uniform electric field 𝐸.
(a) Define dipole moment.

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 𝑞
𝜙 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
= ∫ 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑑𝑠 𝐸 × 4𝜋𝑟 2 = =0
𝑠
𝜀0
Unit → 2
Nm /𝐶(𝑂𝑅)𝑉𝑚. 𝐸=0
7. SI unit of electric charge is …….
Coulomb

8. When a dielectric is placed between the

plates of a capacitor, its capacity,
(a) remains the same
(b) increases
(c) decreases
𝑞
Let 𝜎 = be the surface charge density of increases
4𝜋𝑅2
spherical shell Electric flux through the small
area ds of the spherical gaussian surface. 9. (a) What is the equation for torque acting on
a dipole placed in a uniform electric field ? (1)
𝑑𝜙 = 𝐸 ⋅ 𝑑𝑠 (b) What is the condition for maximum torque ?
= 𝐸𝑑𝑠 (1)[2022 Model]
Total flux a) 𝜏⃗ = 𝑝⃗ × 𝐸⃗⃗ Or 𝜏𝜏 = PEsin 𝜃
b) 𝜃 = 90
𝜙 = ∫ 𝐸𝑑𝑠
10. (a) The total number of lines of force
= E x 4𝜋𝑟 2 passing through a surface is called ………. (1)
(b) State Gauss' law in electrostatics. (2)
According to Gaussian laws. (c) Using Gauss' law derive an expression for the
𝑞 𝜎 × 4𝜋𝑅2 electric intensity at a point distant 𝑟 from a line
𝜙= = (B) charge having linear charge density 𝜆.
𝜀 𝜀
a) Electric flux
Now, (b) The total electric flux over a closed surface is
𝑞
Ex 4𝜋𝑟 2 = 1/𝜀0 times the net charge enclosed by the
𝜀
surface. ∮ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑞/𝜀0
1 𝑞 c)
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜉 𝑟 2
𝜎×4𝜋𝑅2
(OR) 𝐸 × 4𝜋𝑟 2 =
𝜀

𝜎 𝑅2
𝐸=
𝜀0 𝑟 2

(II) Inside the spherical shell, the Gaussian sphere ∮ 𝐸 ⋅ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑞/𝜀0 ; ∮ 𝐸 ⋅ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑞/𝜀0 ; q = 𝜆𝑙;
does not enclose any charge, → ∫ 𝐸. 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜆𝑙/𝜀0 ; surface area of the cylinder
𝜆
= 2𝜋𝑟𝑙; 𝐸 = (1/2𝜋𝜀0 )
𝑟

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11. SI unit of electric field
(a) NC−1 (c) What is the flux through the surface if the
(b) Vm surface is parallel to the lines of force?
(c) Cm 𝑞
(d) Nm a) Statement or 𝜙𝐸 =
𝜀0
b) 𝜑 = 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Δ𝑆
𝑁𝐶 −1 𝐸Δ𝑆
= 𝐸Δ𝑆cos 45 =
√2
12. Electrostatic field at the surface of a charged c) If the surface is parallel to the lines, 𝜃 = 90∘
conductor must be normal to the surface at every
point. Is the statement true or false ? Φ𝐸 = 0
True

13. (i) State Gauss's law. (2) 16. Derive an equation for the electric field
(ii) What is meant by a Gaussian surface ? (1) intensity due to an infinite thin sheet of charge
(iii) Using Gauss's law, find the electric field due using Gauss's law.
to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell at a
point outside the shell.
(i) Statement of Gauss’s law/Equation
(ii) Explanation of Gaussian Surface
(iii) derivation of

1 𝑞 𝜎 ⋅ 𝑅2
𝐸= or 𝐸 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2 ⟶2 (1)
𝜀0 𝑟

Consider an infinite sheet of surface charge

density 𝜎 = Q/A.
14. How many electrons constitute 1 coulomb
of charge (𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 C)? (1) [2021Model] the Gaussian surface is a cylinder of length 2𝑥
𝑞 1 and base area A
𝑞 = 𝑁𝑒 ⇒ 𝑣 = = −19
= 6.25 × 1018
𝑒 1.6 × 10
The curved surface does not contribute of flux as
15. (a) State Gauss’s theorem. (1) 𝐸 ⊥ 𝑑𝑠
(b) Give the equation for electric flux through the For the two end flat surface,
given surface when the angle between electric
field and area is 45∘ . (1) 𝜙1 = 𝜙 2 = 𝐸⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝐴⃗
= 𝐸𝐴
Total flux 𝜙 = 𝜙1 + 𝜙2 = 2𝐸𝐴

According to Gauss law

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 𝑄 2.5 × 10−7 𝑐 and −2.5 × 10−7 𝑐 located at points
𝜙=
𝜀0 (0,0, −15 𝑐𝑚) and (0,0, +15 𝑐𝑚), respectively.
𝜎𝐴 Determine the magnitude and direction of electric
2𝐸𝐴 =
𝜀0 dipole moment of the system.
𝜎 (2)[2021 march]
𝐸=
2𝜀0 a.) An electric dipole is a separation of positive
and negative charges.
The electric dipole moment is the product of the
17. What is Dipole moment? Derive the magnitude of the charge and the distance between
equation for the electric intensity on the axial line the centres of positive and negative charges.
of a dipole. μ=Q×r
𝑝 = 𝑞 × 2𝑙 Here, Q is charge and r is the distance.
1 2𝑝
Derivation of 𝐸axial = 3
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
b.) A dipole has two equal and opposite charges
with dipole moment
18. (a) Write any two properties of electric field
lines. (2)
(b) Observe the figure and write the signs of the
charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 .

a.)The properties of electric field lines are: -

a. These are imaginary lines which shows
pictorial influence of electric field intensity in
space.
b. These are always emitted from positive
charge and enter in negative charge.
c. They don't form closed loops.
d. They are closely packed in strong electric
field region and farther apart in weak electric field
region.
e. These lines are always perpendicular to
20. Gauss law in electrostatics relates electric
surface.
flux with electric charge
f. These lines never intersect with each other.
(a) Electric flux and electric charge are scalar
quantities. State whether this statement is true or
b.)q1 positive q2 negative
false. (1)
(b) State Gauss law in electrostatics. (1)
19. (a) Define electric dipole moment. (1)
(c) Using Gauss law derive an expression for the
(b) A system has two charges
intensity of electric field at a point due to an

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infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire. between them."
(3)[2021 March]
a.) True 22. The expression ∑B ⃗⃗ ⋅ ΔS⃗⃗ = 0 is
(i) Gauss Law in Electrostatics
(ii) Gauss Law in Magnetism
(iii) Ampere's circuital law
(iv) Lenz's law
b.) Gauss's law states that the electric flux through
any closed surface is equal to the net charge (ii) Gauss Law in Magnetism
enclosed by the surface divided by permittivity of
vacuum.
c.) Consider an infinitely long line of charge 23. How many electrons constitute an electric
having a uniform linear charge density λ placed charge of 1 coulomb?
18
along the axis of cylinder. The cylindrical surface (a)6.25 × 10
can be treated as the Gaussian surface for the line (b)6.25 × 1019
charges. (c)6.25 × 10−18
Let l be the length and r be the radius of the (d) 6.25 × 10−19 (1)[Say 2021]
cylinder. If E is the electric field acting at point C,
(a) 6.25 × 1018
then electric flux Φ=E×2πrl curved surface area of
the cylinder
24. State Coulomb’s law in electrostatics.
or =E×2πrl ........(i) From Gauss's theorem
Coulomb's law in electrostatic states that a charge
at rest q1 applies a force F on the other charge q2,
also at rest, which are separated by a distance r
such that the force is directly proportional to the
product of both charges and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them.

25. Derive an expression for electric field E due

to a dipole of length 2a at a distance r from the
centre of the dipole on axial line.
(3)[Say 2021]
Electric field at a point P at a distance r from the
centre of dipole due to +q
21. Fill in the blanks:
"The force between two-point charges is directly Electric field at point P due to -q is
proportional to the product of _____ and inversely
proportional to the ______ of the distance between
them." (1)[2021 March]
"The force between two-point charges is directly
proportional to the product of charges and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance

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26. Give any three properties of electric field
lines. (3)[Say 2021]
1. Field lines are continuous curves without any
breaks
2. Two field lines cannot cross each other
3. Electrostatic field lines start at positive charges
and end at negative charges

27. State Gauss Law in electrostatics. Apply
Gauss Law to find the electric field due to an
infinite plane sheet of charge.
(5)[Say 2021]
Electric field due to a uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet : Suppose a thin non-conducting
infinite sheet of uniform surface, charge density σ.
Electric field intensity on either side of the sheet
must be perpendicular to the plane of sheet having
same magnitude at all points equidistant from
sheet.
where 𝑛̂ is a unit vector normal to the plane and
going away from it.
When σ>0, E is directed away from both sides.
Hence electric field intensity is independent of r.
When σ>0, E is directed away from both sides.
Hence electric field intensity is independent of r.
Note : For conducting sheet, the surface charge
density on both the surface of sheet will be same

28. An infinitely long thin straight wire with

uniform linear charge density is shown in figure.

Let P be any point at a distance r from the sheet.

(a) Draw a Gaussian surface in order to calculate

the electric field at p and mark direction of electric
field at this point.
(b) Derive an expression to calculate electric field
at this point P
(2+1)[March 2020]

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a.) polythene. Hence, wool becomes positively
charged and polythene becomes negatively
charged.
Amount of charge on the polythene piece,
q = −3 × 10−7 C
Amount of charge on an electron,
−19
b.) e = −1.6 × 10 C
Number of electrons transferred from wool to
polythene = n
n can be calculated using the relation, q = ne
𝑞
n=
𝑒
−3×10−7
=
−1.6 ×10−19
29. A permanent electric dipole of dipole = 1.87 × 1012
moment 𝑝 is placed in a uniform external electric Therefore, the number of electrons transferred
field E, as shown in Figure.
from wool to polythene is 1.87 × 1012.
b)Yes. There is a transfer of mass occur. This is
because an electron has mass, as we know
me = 9.1 × 10−3 kg
Total mass transferred from wool to polythene,
(a) Redraw the figure and show the magnitude and
direction of force acting on the charges.(1) m = me × n
(b) Write an expression of the torque acting on this
dipole in vector form. = 9.1 × 10−31 × 1.85 × 1012
a)
= 1.706 × 10−18 kg

Hence, a negligible amount of mass is transferred

from wool to polythene.

31. Explain why two electric field Lines never

b) 𝜏 = pxE or 𝜏 = pEsinθ
cross each other. (2)[2020 Say]

30. A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found At that point field has two directions which is
to have a negative charge of 3 × 10−7 𝑐 impossible
(a) Estimate the number of electrons transferred
and from which to which. (2) 32. The value of Electric field inside a charged
(b) Is there a transfer of mass from wool to conductor is________ (1)[2020 Say]
polythene? (1)[2020 Say]
a) When polythene is rubbed against wool, a Zero
number of electrons get transferred from wool to

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 35. Coulomb's law is a quantitative statement
about the force between two point charges.
33. (a) Name the theorem used to find the electric (a) Write the mathematical expression of the above
flux through a surface enclosing charge. law. (1)
(1) (b) Two ions carrying equal charges repel with a
(b) Using this theorem derive an expression for the force of 1.48 × 10−8 𝑐 when they are separated by
electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of a distance of 5 × 10−10 𝑐. How many electrons
charge with surface charge density 𝜎. have been
(2)[Say 2019] removed from each iron ?
(3)[Say 2018]
a.) Gauss’s Theorem in Electrostatics.
b.) Consider an infinite plane which carries the
uniform charge per unit area σ
Let the plane coincides with the y−z plane.
Let us draw a cylindrical gaussian surface, whose
axis is normal to the plane, and which is cut in half
by the plane.
Let the cylinder run from x=−a to x=+a, and let its
cross-sectional area be A. According to Gauss'
law, 36. Two spheres encloses charges as shown in
figure :

where E(a)=−E(−a) is the electric field strength at

x=+a. Here, the left-hand side represents the
electric flux out of the surface.
The only contributions to this flux come from the
flat surfaces at the two ends of the cylinder. The
right-hand side represents the charge enclosed by (a) Derive an expression for electric field intensity
the cylindrical surface, divided by ϵ0. It follows at any point on the surface 𝑆2 .
(b) What is the ratio of electric flux through 𝑆1 and
that
𝑆2 ?
(2 + 1 )[2018 March]
a.) According to Gauss law

34. (a) The ratio of electric field on the equatorial

point and at the axial point at equal distances from
the centre of a short electric dipole is_______
(1)
(b) A closed surfaces encloses an electric dipole.
What is the electric flux through the surface?
(1)[March 2019]
a.) 1:2
b.) Zero

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 38. An electric dipole is placed in a uniform
electric field of intensity'. Let ' 𝜃 ' be the
angle between dipole moment and electric field.
(a) Derive an expression for the torque acting on
the electric dipole in vector form.
(2)[March 2016]
Consider a dipole with charges +q and –q with a
distance d away from each other. The dipole is
placed in a uniform electric field E such that the
axis of the dipole forms an angle θ with the electric
field.
The force on the charges is

The components of force perpendicular to the

b.) Flux a charge
dipole are:
for first sphere Φ1 𝛼 Q
for second sphere Φ2 𝛼 3Q

Since the force magnitudes are equal and are

separated by a distance d, the torque on the dipole
= 1:3
is given by:
Torque(τ)=Force×Distance
37. a) How many electrons constitute an electric
τ = (qE)dsin𝜃
charge of- 16𝜇C?
Now, the dipole moment is given by
(i) 1013
(ii)1014 p=qd
(iii)1015 The direction of the dipole moment is from the
(iv) 1012 positive to the negative charge. Notice that the
torque is in the clockwise direction (hence
b) An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite negative) in the above figure if the direction of
point charges +q and -q separated by a distance r. Electric field is positive.
Write an expression for its dipole moment. Thus, τ = pEsin𝜃
c) When an electric dipole is subjected to a
uniform electric field, what will happen?
[1+2+2][March 2017]
39. Gauss’s theorem is useful in determining the
a.) 1014 electric field when the source distribution has
b.) p=q×r symmetry.
c.)When an electric dipole is placed in a uniform
a) The electric field intensity at a distance ‘r’
electric field, it experiences a torque but no force.
from a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet of
charge is.
i)Proportional to r
ii)Proportional to 1/r
iii)Proportional to r

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iv) Independent of r it is possible to take a charge around the path of a
(1+2)[March 2016] closed electric field-line.
b) A thin spherical shell of radius ‘R’ is uniformly
charged to a surface charge, density s. Using 41. a) How much greater is one microcoulomb
Gauss’s theorem derive the expression for the compared to an electronic charge?
electric field produced outside the shell.
i)1013 times
a.) Independent of r ii)1010 times
b) For a point outside the shell: iii)1011 times
Let, R be the radius of the shell and Q be the iv) 106 times
charge uniformly distributed on the surface.
b) A point charge of 2μC is placed at the center of
a cubic Gaussian surface of side 0.5 cm. What is
the net flux through the surface?
-12 2 2
(Given ∈0 = 8.85 x 10 C /N/M ).
(1+2)[say 2016]

40. State Gauss’s law for magnetism. a)1013 times

b) How this differs from Gauss’ law for
electrostatics?
c) What is the difference in the two cases?
a.)Gauss' Law for magnetism applies to the
magnetic flux through a closed surface. In this case
the area vector points out from the surface.
Because magnetic field lines are continuous loops,
all closed surfaces have as many magnetic field
lines going in as coming out. Hence, the net
magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero.
Net flux ϕ=∫B.dA=0
b.)Gauss' Law for electrostatics is a very useful
method for calculating electric fields in highly
symmetric situations. Gauss' Law for magnetism
is considerably less useful.
c) There is a difference in both laws because the
magnetic field-lines behave in a quite different
manner to electric field-lines, which begin on
positive charges, end on negative charges, and
never form closed loops. Incidentally, the
statement that electric field-lines never form
closed loops follows from the result that the work
done in taking an electric charge around a closed
loop is always zero. This clearly cannot be true if
b)
42. According to Gauss law the electric flux
through a dosed surface is equal to q/∈0 where q
and ∈0 have their usual meaning.
Why is it safe to be inside a bus than sheltered
under a tree during lighting?
Bus will act as a metal cavity. Hence the electric
field inside a bus is zero (Electrostatic shielding).
Due to this, it is safe to be inside a bus than
sheltered under a tree during lighting.
43. Electric field lines are a pictorial
representation of the electric field around charges
a) State Gausses Law in Electrostatics. (1)
b) Using this law derive an expression for the
electric field intensity due to a uniformly
charged thin spherical shell at a point.
i) Outside the shell
ii) Inside the shell (3)

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 c) Suppose that you are in a cave deep within the
earth. Are you safe from thunder and lightning?
Why?
a) Gauss’s theorem states that the total electric flux
over a closed surface is 1/e0 times the total charge
enclosed by the surface.
(3)[ Say 2014]
a.) When two conducting spheres share their
charges, it’s total energy decreases. This is
because some energy is lost in the form of heat.
b)

b.)Consider a uniformly charged hollow spherical

conductor of radius R. Let ‘q’ be the total charge
on the surface.

ii) This force will act in the direction of Q2

45. The electric flux due to an electric

To find the electric field at P (at a distance r from field E¯ through a surface ΔS is given by E.ΔS
the centre), we imagine a Gaussian spherical a) The SI unit of electric flux is
surface having radius ‘r’.
Then, according to Gauss’s theorem we can write,

(1)[Say 2013]

a)Volt × metre
c) Yes, Earth can be considered as a large metal
sphere. The cave can be considered as a cavity 46.
All free charges are an integral multiple of a
inside a metal sphere. Hence we are safe from basic unit charge ‘e’. Then quantization rule of
thunder and lighting (electrostatic shielding) electric charge implies

44. Conductors are materials which allow the a)Q=e

passage of electricity through them b)Q=1/e
a) When two conductors share their charges what c)Q=ne
happens to their total energy? d)Q=e2
b) Match the following quantities in Column A
with their units in Column B:

b) 3 charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are arranged as in

figure.
i) Find the force on the charge Q3.
ii) In which direction will this force act?

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c) Electric field is an important way of
characterising the electrical environment of a
system of charges. Two-point charges q1 and q2
of magnitude +10-8 C and -10-8 C respectively are
placed 0.1m apart. Calculate the electric fields at
points A, B, and C as shown in the figure.

(1+2+3)[Say 2013]

a) Q = ne
b.)

c)

47. Gauss's law can be used to determine the

electric field due to a charge
distribution

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a) Below are some statements about Gauss’s law. electric field due to a uniformly charged spherical
Say whether they are true or false : shell.
i) Gauss’s law is valid only for symmetrical charge i) at a point outside the shell
distributions. ii) at a point inside the shell (3)
ii) The electrical field calculated by Gauss’s law is d) A point charge of + μc is at a distance of 5 cm
the field due to charges inside the Gaussian directly above the centre of a square of side 10 cm
surface.
as shown in figure. What is the electric flux
b) Apply Gauss’s law to find the electric field due
through the square?
to an infinitely long plane sheet of charge.
c) “There can be no net charge in a region in which (2) [March 2013]
the electric field is uniform at all points”. Do you
agree with this statement? Justify your answer.
a.) i) False
ii)False
b)

a. An electric line of force originates from

positive charge and ends on negative charge.
b. Electric field lines due to static charge never
form closed loops.
c. In a uniform electric field, lines of force are
parallel.

b.) Gauss’s theorem states that the total electric

flux over a closed surface is 1/e0 times the total
charge enclosed by the surface.

c.)Let, R be the radius of the shell and Q be the

c.) Yes, all points in between plates of a charged charge uniformly distributed on the surface.
capacitor are at uniform electric field. But no i) For a point outside the shell :
𝑄
charges are found in between the plates. (Charges By Gauss's law, E.4πr2 = 𝑒𝑛
𝜀0
are stored only on the plates.) here r be the distance from centre of shell (r>R)
and charge enclosed by surface Qeq =Q
48. The idea of ‘Electric field lines’ is useful in 𝑄
So, Eout = E = 2
pictorially mapping the electric field around 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟

charges. ii) For a point inside the shell :

𝑄
a) Give any Two properties of electric lines of By Gauss's law, E.4πr2 = 𝑒𝑛
𝜀0
force. (1) here r be the distance from centre of shell (r<R)
b) State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. (1) and charge inside the shell, Qeq=0
c) Using the theorem, derive an expression for

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So,Ein=E=0 Consider an electric dipole of dipole moment
P=2aq kept in a uniform external electric field,
inclined at an angle 𝜃 to the field direction.
Torque = any one force × perpendicular distance
𝜏 = qE × 2a sin𝜃
Since P = 2aq
𝜏 = PEsin𝜃
Vectorially

49. Two equal and opposite charge +q and -q are

separated by a small distance ‘2a’. 50. A body of mass m is charged negatively.
State whether the following statements are true or
a) Name this arrangement.
false.
b) Define its moment. What is its direction?
a) During charging, there is change in mass of the
c) If the above system is placed in a spherical
body.
shell, what would be the net electric flux coming
b) The body can be charged to 2.5e where e is the
out of it?
charge of an electron.
d) The above system of two charges is placed in
c) While charging the body by induction new
an external electric field E, at an angle q with it.
charges are created in it.
Obtain a relation for the torque acting on it.
d) The force between two charged objects is less
(1+1+1+2 ) (Say – 2011)
when there is a medium between them.
(½ x4)[ say 2011]
a.) Electric dipole
b) The electric dipole moment is the product of a. True
magnitude of any one charge and dipole length = b. False
P = q2a c. False
The direction of dipole moment is from negative d. True
charge to positive charge.
c)Zero
d) 51. One can determine the direction of the
electric field around a stationary charge with the
help of electric field
lines.
a) What do you understand by the term ‘electric
flux’? Give its SI unit.
b) State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics and
express it in mathematical form.
c) Consider a spherical shell of radius ‘R’ is
uniformly charged with charge ‘+q’. By using
Gauss’s theorem, find the electric field intensity at
a point ‘p’.
i) Outside this spherical shell

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ii) Inside this spherical shell
(1+½+1½+3)[March 2011]
a.) Total number of lines passing normally through
an area is called electric flux
Unit - NC-1m2
b.) Gauss’s theorem states that the total electric
flux over a closed surface is 1/e0 times the total
charge enclosed by the surface.

c.) Refer Q. No. 32 c

52. Draw the electric lines of force surrounding

the charges if
a) a ‘+ q’ charge and a ‘- q’ charge are separated
at a distance ‘a’ apart in air.
b) Two ‘- q’ charges are placed at a distance ‘a’
apart in air. (2)
a)

b)

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