oe ENGINEERING REFERENCE eres LICENSURE EXAMINATION wet | YAito mol i(o)i) mn? \ gertcrev.com ‘facebook.com/GillesaniaReviewCenter OV NT Wrel 11_— a Si {ED MATHEMATICs, SURV] pee EYING, PR, AP sPORTATION AND HiGHWay Ni INNCIPLES OF AGEMENT AND METHODS EERING, CONSTRUCTION \oVEMBER 2022 On what days of the week can t ofthe 20th century was Januar first day of century fall? ‘The first day A. Saturday + 1901, B. Tuesday C. Monday D. Wednesday The United States has th which can hold up to 72 longest in length while the © world’s only aircraft. The Nimitz class cai “large deck” aircraft carriers nterprise class carrier is the trier is the second longest. The 93 feet while the difference in In order to secure an ‘A’ grade in a particular subject, a student needs to maintain ‘a minimum overall average of 90%. If the student's scores on the initial four tests are 86%, 88%, 92%, and 84%, and considering that the final test score is weighted as much as two regular tests, what is the minimum score the student must achieve on the final test to ensure an ‘A’ for the course? A. 97% C. 96% B. 98% D. 95% A glider ascended to a height of 1000 meters before being released. It then lost 70 meters of altitude before entering a thermal, where it rose by 2100 meters. Subsequently, it lost 230 meters in altitude before hitting a second thermal, where it climbed another 1200 meters. What altitude did the glider reach at this stage? A. 4500m Cc. 4800 m B. 4000 m D. 5200 m A wooden board of length (3x* + 6x? — 18) meter is cut into thee pieces of the same length. Find the length of each piece. A. x*-4+ 6x? —6 Cae amen B. x4 + 2x? —18 D. 3x* + 2x? —8. 9. 10. 00 and an additional eharg, gravel supplier delivery fee of Pl : i ; GtoP200 tor every stil eeeten of gravel Derive. the. fiction a¢y representing the totai cost for x cubic meters of gravel, eX canbe any value from 0 to 1200 A + 2x B. 1200x + 200 \ C..120-+ 20x D.1200,4+ 200x Three farmers, Bryar, Celso and Damian. all, have ee containing the same number of res. Bryan’s farm is most: peatly square, the length being only 8 1 t. s longer than the width, Damian eae ih most oblong farm, the lengtk being 34 miles Jonger than the width. Celso’s farm is intermediate b{tween these two, the length being 28 miles longer than the width. iS the dimensions are in exact miles, what is the size of Bryan's farm? A. 20 x 28 \ c. 50x58 B. 40 x 48 D. 30x 38 Damian budgets from p30d to P600 for trees and bushes to landscape his yard. After shopping aro.wnd, he finds that good trees costs P150 and mature bushes cost P75. Wht combination of trees and bushes can he afford? ft A. (5,1), (0, 3), (4, 2), (0, 24 Cc. (5,1). (1, 2), (4, 2), (0,2) B. (0,4), (1, 2), (2,1), (3, ay D. (0,4), (1, 2), (4 2), (0,2) The annual membership in Supgyfit, a fitness club is P5,000. The club charges P10 for each hour used, A competing club, Healthy Bodies, charges P4,400 per year plus P1450 per hour for its use. How many hours per year will result in identital cost for the two clubs. A. 85 hours per year \C. 75 hours per year B. 90 hours per year D. 80 hours per year \ Bottled water and medical supplies are to be shipped to victims of earthquake in Morocco by plane. Each‘container of bottled water serve 10 people and each medical kit will aidj6 people. Each plane can carry no more than 80,000 pounds. The bottled water weighs 20 pounds per container and each medical kit weighs 10 pounds. Each container of bottled water is 1 cu. ft. and each medical kit also has a volume of 1 cu. ft. Determine how many bottles of water and how many medical kits should be sent on each plane to maximize ‘the number of earthquake victims who can be helped. 1 A. 2,000 C. 3,000 , B. 4,000 D. 5,00013. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. ‘an airplane flies , North, airplane heads south Ward ae i at 200 Kn, t 300 — : airplanes to be 1099 kph, kph. -§}, A. 10 hours Kem apare?” TOW much time is reas ously, another B. 1.5 hours ie ‘or the two ~ 2 hours . The population of D. 3 hours MeZon City ; ing to the GY in decreasing accordj ye i Mction aaah 2010 is 9,939,000 and is thereafter will the popaiee pie) A. 15 Pulation reach 9,399, O652 How many years B. 20 Crscpem D. 45, ; The population of Manila in th e earlier, it was 10,268,009 year 2002 w. 268,000, as 10,751,000 15,000,000 population? — TW many years will it take ees B.14.5 c. 15.5 D. 17.5 In the study of econo ' 4 : mics, the di to its selling price p by an 2 quation ofan m nota Product is often related loga D = log. c— where a,c and k are positive consene 6 eee? constant. Soh A. D =c/p* C net pe B. D =cpk D. D=ép Compute the dot product of vectors a and b, given that a = —3i —j and b = 2i +147 + 5k. oem gee A. 0 Cc. 6 B. 2 D. 10 Given a triangle ABC with side c= 78cm. If angles A and B are respectively 22° and 14°, compute the area of the triangle. A. 490 Cc. 620 B. 980 D. 510 An itect is aHowed no more than 15 sq. m. to add a small bedroom to SNS EEeIneeaiise of the room’s design in relation to existing structure, the width of ite rectangular floor must be 7 meters less than twice the length, Find the precise length of the rectangular floor of maximum area that the architect is permitted. ae i oo D.5m19, 20. 21, 22. 23. 24, 18. ea of 285 square | : c the length of the keypad? ¢. 196m p. 156m A rectangular keypad has an? perimeter of 68 cm. What should b A. 18cm B. 17cm _arectangular sign bas alen, Ifthe perimeter of the +) In the official manual for the t of 12 inches more “hee 312 inches, what is thelheight of the sign. C. 108 inches D. 84 inches A. 56 inches B. 48 inches \ There are four towns at tee corners of a square. Four motorists set out, each driving in the next Gro se) town, and each man but the fourth going 8 km/hr faster tha the car ahead - thus the first car travels 24 fim/hr faster than the foumh. At the end of one hour the first and third cars are 204 km and the sefond and fourth 212 (beeline) km apart. Hows fast is the first car traveling ‘A. 26 kph ©. 50 kph B. 34 kph D2 kpk olume of An open box has a square bas of side x and height A. If the 5 the box is 4, express the surfac§ area of the box as function of A. 2x? + 16/x C. x? + B/x B. 2x? + B/x \ D. x? + 16/x A circular hole 4 inches in diame ra 1 foot deep in a metal block is rebored to increase the diameter ( 4.12 inches. Compute the amount of metal removed in cubic inche: A. 8.56 \c. 10.25 B. 9.18 X 7.63 A coffee pot with a circular bottom tapers uniformly to a circular top with radius half of the base. A mark halfway up the sides says “200 cc”. Where should the 300 cc mark go? i ’ A. 2% of the way down from the top of the pot B. 2% of the way up from the top of the pot 3% of the way down from the top of the pot D. 3% of the way up from the top of the pot Southern Star Realty, a thriving real estate firm, has witnessed a steady rise in sales since its inception in 2000. Given that they managed to sell 200 houses in 2002 and this number increased to 278 houses by 2007,26. 27. 28. 29, 30. puring the conflic ’ the Black Sea nea pitting these mines, two landmarks at all tj . : line with a due east boars: * Point situarcyeeth that is equidistant from the port. If the Port is pie Point of ‘m north of the port anda t betwe, T Crime. t Ukrai a. To sarin’ and Russia, mi ; 7 safe! ia, mines were placed in a ship must m ly ni Pl i avi 5 fa aintal igate to a harbor port without : which is located yf resenting the ship’ n hic ated 3 km south o! ee aay se. sup S safe path? “"© Origin, what is the equation B. x? + 24y 472 c x? ~24y +62 =0 D. x? 2494.72 =0 long. Tlangle changing when each side is 18 cm A. 841.8 cm2/s B. 420.9 cm2/s C. 652.3 cm2/s D. 745.2 c2/s A Toyota Land Cruiser drives east from poi ane r point A at 30 kph. Another car, Ford Expedition, starting from B at the same time, drives 30° W toward A at 60 kph. B is 30 km from A. How fast in kph is the distance between two cars changing after 30 minutes? D. 60 kph C. 70 kph B. 55.kph D. 80 kph The side of a cubical bin is measured as 30 cm with probable error of +0.02 cm. What is the approximate error in the volume of the bin? A. +52 cm? C. £56 cm? B. +50 cm? D. +54 cm? To maximize the total profit, what should be the daily production output of a book when the cost function is (x?/4 + 350x + 250) pesos, and they can be sold at a price of (500 — x/2) pesos each? c. 300 B. 200 b. 400 i etricequationsx = t?andy = A particle moves according to the param\ q) Saas the particle when t C. 12.17 units D. 11.52 units 2¢2. What is the distance covered by A. 10.16 units B. 12.31 units31. 32. 33, 34. 35. 36. 37. 1 r = 8, where @ Find the area of the region pounded by the spiral 20 between rays @ = Oand@=7"/4 977 square units ‘A. 36.89 square units . eae units B. 42.57 square units D. 32.6 sq ions i can c 7 If the standard deviation of a set of observations is 0, you ‘onclude: A. that all observations are the same val ue ade B. that a mistake in arithmetic has been mads servations. C. that there is no relationship between D. that the average value is 0 i i . The probabili A plane flies from Manila to San Francisco via Tokyo lity thet the plane will arrive safely to Tokyo is pesaena the probability that it will arrive safely to San Francisco is 0. Pervieds the probability that the plane will land safely in Tokyo and San Francisco? A. 0.9995 C. 0.9994 B. 0.9990 D. 0.9993 An engineering company prepares an estimate for a job. The cost of preparing the estimate Ys Phhp10,000. The amount of profit over and above the Php10,000 is Php25,000 if their estimate is accepted. The probability that their estimate will be accepted 0.7 and the probability that their estimate will not be accepted is 0.3. What is the expected profit? A. P13,500 C. P10,500 B. P14,500 D. P12,500 The wheel of a machine is rotating at 1600 rpm. If the diameter of the wheel is 2 m, determine the angular speed of the wheel. A. 16007 rad/min C. 800m rad/min B. 3200m rad/min D. 48007 rad/min An aluminum wire is stressed to 34.5 MPa in tension. What change in temperature will change its length by the same amount? The modulus of elasticity of aluminium is E = 70 GPa and the coefficient of thermal expansion is @ = 22.5 x 10-°/°C. A. 29.8°C C. 32.6°C B. 25.4°C D. 45.7°C A copper wire ha a nominal breaking strength of 300 MPa. If the peace of area is 77% due to necking, calculate the true tensile stress in MPa. A, 390 MPa C. 1025 MPa B. 680 MPa D. 1304 MPa38. 39. 40. 4 42, i. 8 Given that the average 4, 1.496 x 10° km and’ icistance from Barth considering that Jupiter t h ageh t around the Sun, calculate aX@S about 11-6, A. 9.32 X 108 km he ave sue B._ 9.87 X 10° km C. 7.7; © the Sun is approxi proximately ess to orbit the Sun, and =r ‘ars to complete its orbit ‘ge distance from Jupiter to the Sun. 8 x 108 km D. 7.54 x 108 km porches and a garage. Ui P300,000/garage. What joe {2°tors of Pa, ‘A. P6,500,000 Vat the estimated aoses nn” P200,000/porch, and B. P6,700,000 C. P6,600,000 D. P6,800,000 Data over the las} indi nonfatal ieee indicate that for each fatality, there are 40 dawinge acchdents ($2006 000 Present cost each) and 300 property value of a statistical life (ana Cost each). What is the breakeven 8%? eeded to justify a highway project if i is The death rate on a i pee ie encore Particular, three-lane road is 8 per 100 million ehicle miles. 'g a lane would reduce this to 5 per 100 million, and oO | ents would be reduced proportionately. The lane would cost $1.5M per mile to build, and annual maintenance would be 3% of the first cost. Assume that the lane would last 40 years. The road carries 10,000 vehicles per day. A. $387.4K C. $295.1K B. $359.8K D. $255.9K An engineering consulting firm spends P200,000 annually on design services. The costs for these services are projected to increase by 6% each year. Given that the general inflation rate of the economy is 4%, what would be the inflation-adjusted cost of the design services for the fifth year? A. P208,080.00 B. P216,486.43 C. P204,000.0 D. P212,241.60 Calculate the benefit-cost ratio for a highway project with the following benefits and costs. The project life is 40 years, the interest rate is 10%, and the project's right-of-way is worth $5M in 40 years.43. 44. 45. Construction cost (includes $20M | acquiring right-of-way) $350K_| Annual maintenance $3M___| Repaving every 8 years saa 0S, OVGD pS on a ai of lives saved oe Te per year $7.25M | Time savings for commercial traffic $5 __0.25hrs 800,000 trips Time savings for commuter and x O25 hrs 800,000 trips . year sim recreational traffic hour rip Cc. 1.22 A. 2.36 B. 1.07 D. 1.58 Compute the bearing of points 1 and 2, given the following sets of coordinates. Coordinates Point North East 1 1500 700 2 300 500 A. $9°57/14" W c. $8°47'34" W B. $9°27'44"W D. $ 10°17'24" W Aconstruction surveyor used a 50-meter chain to measure the distance between two reference markers. One marker was positioned at the base of a hill, while the other was located on the hillside. The zero end of the chain was held at the instrument's center, showing a slope measurement of 48.250 meters to the marker. Given a zenith angle of 75° to this point, determine the horizontal distance between the two markers? A. 47.635m C. 46.215m B. 49.325 m D. 46.606 m Given the recorded distance measurements of 482.15 m, 482.17 m, 482.22 m, and 482.19 m with their corresponding weights of 1, 2, 2,and 4. Calculate the weighted mean. A. 482.24m C. 482.05 m B. 482.19m D. 482.36 m— ‘ven the following dista 16 Coquencies. nee me compute the mean of the measurements A. 554.21 B. 532.89 C. 520.21 D. 565.24 a lines othe Fouts Tena suaion A to station B over these different pee: and difference in elevati given in the following table: elevation between A and B are Route Length (km) Difference in elevation (meters) z 6.2 425.34 2 5.8 424.12 3 3.8 2 426.45 Determine the most probable value of the elevation B if A is at elevation of 42.635 m and B is higher than A. A. 468.112 C. 469.365 B. 468.256 D. 469.186 "48, A project can be considered to be any series of activity and tasks that: I. have a specific objective to. be completed within certain specification Il. Have defined start and end dates II. Monitored project planning — IV. Have following limits (if applicable) : V. Consume resources (i,e, money, people equipment) A. LU, and IV c. LIL and Vv B. All of the above D. 1, II, IV, and V49, 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. part of structural ma; ‘i ke rties are Key PANO on? teria] d coastal cons! Ye Which of these structural proP selection process for harbour am I. Specific gravity : terial strength = re th Resistance to cyclical impact loading IV. Resistance to seismic fore V. Material flexibility VI. Structural size ¢. Allofthe above a LM Mand IV only D. LHL and Ill only . IV, V only f moving a straigh; scribes the method o! ght. edge back and forth in a saw-like motion across the top of concrete e excess concrete? : ST ace ae Cc. Troweling B. Screeding D. Floating Which of the following best de i il ituation that has th Which of the following best describes a source or si 7 potential to cause injury, ill health, damage to property or the environment, or a combination of these? A. risk C, threat B. hazard D. liability Itis the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. A. Hazard C. Chemicals B. Risk D. Hazing In the context of a Construction Safety and Health Program, which of the following best describes a human action that deviates from commonly accepted safe procedures and standard operations, potentially leading to an accident? a A. oversight C. risk assessment B. non-compliance D. unsafe act It represents the component of vehicle weight which acts parallel to an inclined surface. A. gravity force C. rolling resistance B. friction force D. grade resistance Which of the following terms best describes a material's ability to withstand repeated or cyclic stresses, often leading to failure at stress levels below its yield strength? A. Elasticity B. Tensile strength C. Fatigue strength D. Ductility‘olumn ari —S ding Iogttve® Into the soil to support 2 s to. a deeper and stronger layers B. trip i eae . roa izontal angl see. gp. in Dow wice Pare is a procedure that involves turning the ae age te line of sight each time at the point. If two not used on every point, it ee a create the line. Typically, it is ‘A. Double Meridian a fae points as needed. B. Double Centering eae jines result, an aver: 59. It earl of signals in relationship to one another so that vehicles travenne esi ined speed can successive signals. pass through the greens of ‘A. signal coordination Calera B. signal light D. none of these 60. Itis a type of thermoplastic lane marking designed to aid and provide motorist with visual, audio and motion warning on the road. A. raised pavement markers C. rumble strip B. longitudinal markings D. transverse markings 61. The provision of safety sight distance depends on the characteristics of the road environment such as: : I. Road geometry-grade and curvature-sight limitation Il. Road surface-sealed or unsealed, smooth or rough III. Road illumination at night IV. Road topography A. All of the above C., L IIL, and IV only B. I, Il, and III only D. I, Ill, and IV only62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. ‘ons of safety sight distance depends on the ion! i ollows: characteristics of the vehicle ne as f¢ I. Type of vehicles, car or truc] cad IL. Friction between the tire and ro: Ill. Eye height of the driver IV. Speed of vehicle coivotly. Baia f the above B. Iland Ill only D. Allo: One of the provisi i Ci eeds to be considered as part of the Delineation of the road alignment needs guidance is provided to roa desi rocess to ensure that adequatt D Users. Delineation is generally provided by the use of the following devices: 1. Pavement Markings IL. Signs Ill. Guide posts IV. Reflective delineators V. Lighting VI. Curb or other physical devices A. 1,1, land IV only C. LIV, Vand VI only B. I, Ill, IV and VI only D. All of the above What is the color of the No loading/unloading zone marking? A. green Cc. red B. black D. yellow It is the signs used to guide drivers through a change in horizontal alignment of the road. A. Rumble signs C. Painted signs B. Diagonal signs D. Chevron signs What is the reaction time to be used for road safety design? This value is applied to the whole range of design speeds. A. 2.0 sec C. 3.0 sec B. 15sec D. 2.5 sec Which of the following reasons will Not Cause a contract change? A. change in owner requirements C, unforeseen conditions B. designer omission or error —_D. poor jobsite productivityPy vnilesarive ta stop * wai Stop sign j and departures are exponen\s,10 Seconds per vehiche | vals queue lengths and the average distributed, what are te average a pete lene - ee Vehicles, detan ey queue length = 4.16 chiles, delay = 40 secon Pe ques Ienceniyais te ticles delay @egtessery= . 17 vehicles, delay = 60 secouds s ign at an SE = 9 Vr age rate of 300 per hour. Average wheel tractor-scr ae . e natire penetration of onnE 91 tons is operated on a haul road grade when the scraper is area Pat's the total resistance and effective A. 4,550 kg; 10% Sec oten ay B. 0% - 7 Bi : D. 4,550 kg; 5% 70. A wheel tractor-scraper weighing 91 tons is operated on a haul road with a tire penetration of 5 cm. Whatis the total resistance and effective grade ee the scraper is descending a slope of 5%? A. 0, C. 6250, 6250. B. 7850, 7850 D. 4550, 4550 71. Calculaté the volume of plastic concrete that will be produced by the mix design given in the following table: Specific Quanti Component Gravity iis ity i Cement 3.15 340 154 Sand "2.65 940 426 Gravel 2.66 1210 549 Water 1.00 210 95 A. 0.48 m3 C. 0.56 m3 D. 0.51 m3 B. 0.45 m3; ; = sani MUN CHEOLCLieay The COMPONEDL, are the The specific specitic gravity of specified as follows Materials 4 Gravel What is the asphalt absiption? Hint: Gus fin, ae Gy 1007 Cs Gce A. 2.81% C. 1.35% B 351% p, 2.18% t pe : i ANSWERS: t ; 41B 1B 61A 71D 1c 1c (21D 2B 12A 228 3D 13B 23A 4B 14A 24D 5C 15A 25D 35B 458 S: 42¢ SPB 62D 72D 43B SAD 63D 44D SAD 646 b 65D 466 66D ATA 5 \ 67D 48D SOB | 68A 9c 59A 698 SOB 60C 704 6D 16A 26B 7a 17D. 27/0 Bc 18 28D 9D 19B 29A 10B 20A 30DThe first day of a cen century. A century has days, depending on oh century has either 3652. tury de; 100 years ds on the number of days in the » and a year has either 365 or 366 ether it j 4 or 36525 jae year or not. Therefore, a be day of the 20th century, and there > the last day of the 20th century was 's the 365th day of the year. Therefore, the first day of See aeaee 'y ofthe 21st century was January 1, 2001, which Similarly, the first day of the 22 which will be a Tuesday, nd century will be January 1, 2101, In eee eee first day of a century will fall on a day of the week that is one day later than the first day of the previous century, unless there is an extra day because of a leap year. The problem can be solved using a system of linear equation. Let x represent the length of the Enterprise class carrier and y represent the length of the Nimitz class carrier, where x > y. The total length of the two carriers is 2193 feet: x+y=2193 > Eq) The difference in their lengths is 9 feet: _ x-y=9 or x=9tY 7 Eq. (2) Use 9 + y for x in Eq. (1): . (O+y) ty = 2193 y = 1092 feet and x = 1101 feetsd on the final exam to achieve an To determine the} yrade neede “ nted average formala, average of at least 90%, we'll use the we The total score of ‘} four exams is: 86.4 88 + 92 + 84 = 350 J exain. Since this exam counts as Fae fina Let x be the score need in the fin totals 2x, abd there two exams, the contrigjution of cis exam to the will be total of six (6) “ ‘ ‘The total score to get a\¥Q% in the six exams ist _ Then; Therefore, the student must final exam to secure an 'A' for OR: To determine the glider's altitude at each stage, we will add or subtract the meters ascended or descended at each step from the initial or previous altitude: © The glider starts at an altitude of 1000 meters. After descending 70 meters: 1000 — 70 = 930, * After ascending 2100 meters in the first thermal: 930 + 2100 = 3030mm6 After rising 1 8 1200 meters in the se 2800 4 ne ‘cond thermal: = 4000 m so, the glider's altitude at this stage was 4 ‘as 4000 meters. OR 1000 — . 70 + 2100 — 230 +1200 = 4000 m we are given the length of the board as L = 3x4 + 6x? — 18. If it is cut into three pieces of have a length of L/3. the same length, then each piece will So, the length of each piece is: ioe ete Ly 3 3 L, =x*+2x?-6 To derive the function g(x) for the total cost of x cubic meters of gravel, you would combine the fixed delivery fee with the variable charge per cubic meter. ; The fixed delivery fee is P1,200. The variable cost, which depends on the number of cubic meters x ordered, is 200 x x. Adding these together, we get: g(x) = 1200 + 200x g(x) represents the total cost for x cubic meters of gravel, where x is in the domain [0, 1200].a7 owns with only two equations. st be whole number, this makes g the choices. This problem involves three unkn However, the unknown variables must 08 it possible to solve this by series of trials Let B, C,and D be the respective widths of the lots of Brayn, Celso, and Damian. Bryan's farm has length 8 miles longer than the width: Area, = B(B + 8) Damina’s farm has length 34 miles longer than the width: Aredc = D(D + 34) Celso’s farm has length 28 miles longer than the width: Areay = C(C +28) Since all their farms have the same area, a Area, = Aredc = Areag Noting that Brayn’s lot is most neatly square in spite that its length is 8 miles longer than its width, the width must be long. 50 mi (Choice C) 0(30 + 8) = 2900 mi* Let’s try B Area, Then, . D(D + 34) = 2900; C =39.47mi NOTawhole number 0 mi (Choice B) 0(40 + 8) = 1920 mi? D(D +34) = 1920; D = 30 miles Okay C(C +28) =1920; C =32 miles Okay Thus, Bryan’s lot is 40 mi x 48 mi. The other two choices does not give a hole number dimensions for D and C.Let's analyze the possi can afford based on chee ‘ombinatio ©N options ns of trees and bushes Damian Let the number of tree. : Ss pe represented by y, be represented by x and the number of bushes Given: Cost of one tree = =} Cost of one bush = Ps Budget = P300 to P6009 Choice A: 5,1): 5 GD: 5150) + 1075) = pg2s outside the budget Choice B: (0,4): 0(150) + 4(75) = (1,2): 1€150) + 2(75) (2,1): 2(150) + 1(75) Within the budget Within the budget Within the budget 3B, 2): (3,2): 3150) + 2(75) = 600 Within the budget . Choice C: (5,1): 5(150) + 1(75) = P825 Outside the budget Choice D: ; (4,2): 4(150) + 2(75) = 750 Outside the budget The correct answer is choice B. To determine the number of hours where the cost of membership at the two clubs would be the same, set up an equation where the total annual costs of the two clubs are equal. Let h represent the number of hours used in a year. For Superfit: Cost = Annual fee + (Cost per hou Cost = 5,000 + 10h r x Number of hours)10 For Healthy Bodies: rs) Coats Annual fee + (Cost per hour x Number of hours) Cost = 4,400 + 17.50h sts are identical, set the two equations equal To find out when the co: to each other: 5000 + 10h = 4400 + 17.5h h = 80 hours So, when a member uses the club for 80 hours a year, the costs for the two clubs, Superfit and Healthy Bodies, will be identical. Let x be the number of containers of bottled water and y be the number of medical kits. Each bottled water container weighs 20 pounds and each medical kit weighs 10 pounds. So, the weight constraint is: 20x + 10y < 80,000 Each bottled water container is 1 cu. ft. and each medical kit is also 1 cu. ft. The volume constraint is: x+y = 6,000 The number of people who can be helped, given that each bottled water container serves 10 people and each medical kit aids 6 people, P = 10x + 6y, To maximize the number of people who can be helped, we will set the weight and volume constraints to its limit. x+y = 6,000 x=6,000—y > Eq.(1) 20x + 10y = 80,000 2x+y= 8,000 > Eq.(2)Bit ND CC gineering Reference Vol, 5 Shame = Eq, (2) using 6,000 ~ y for wih 2(6,000 : -Y)+y =3,000 ¥ = 4,000 and x = ba00 and P= 10¢ i St 2.000) + oca.odby = 44,000 m number of pedple 000 containers of by “The Maxim by. sending on each pla beipdll is 44,000, which is achieved ottled water and 4,000 medi al kits att the: first airplane is Hiving wort { ying south ee pees north 7” kph. The second airplane is Since both airplanes are flying p : opposite directions, their relative " speed is the sum of their speed: en ee 200 = 500 kph », = 300: e for the two airplanes to be 1000 km fo find out how long it will t by their relative speed: apart, you divide the distance /_ 1000 = Gog = Z hours 1 a2 To find out how many y' City to drop from 9,939.0! exponential decay formula: y = ye 008" where the population when £=0 IS Yo = 9,939,000, and the population after time ¢ is 9,500,000 9,500,000 = 9.93 15.06 years y ears it will take for the population of Quezon (00 in 2010 to 9,500,000, we can use the given 000 70.003 . Using the calculator, ¢ =ich is given by the relationsnj, m13 : Population growth is exponential, W p= Peek or P= PK* jon of Manila was P, = 10,7519, 02 (t = 0), the population u oa In year 2002 ( ae (¢ = —2) the population was P = 10,268,o99° Fr 21 ‘we can solve the constant K, From this information, P=PK* 10,268,000 = 10,751,000 K~? i K= 1.02324941 So, the time t after 2002 when population will reach 15,000,000 is 15,000,000 = 10,751,000 (1.0 t= 14.49 years 2324941)* lode > Stat > e EXP Alternate Solutio: | Ory [2 | 1s0008082 14.491684681 m14 We are given the equation loga D = logac — kloga p We can use the following properties of logarithms to isolate D loga x” = ylogg x loga— = log, x — loga y Ifloga x = logy, then x = yrien mpute the dor ‘Broke 0 < ucts of their corresponding vere: fei me si 2S, Vector b: Looe | ab : 8] f 216 y The area of any. triangle in terms of two sides @ and c and_ included ; = angle B is: , C= 180°- 22°-15°= 143° A= Sac sin 8 A c= 78cm17 is ee en ye w: Solving for side a using the sine la a___ 78 _, g=48552cm sin22° sin 143° then, q = £48.552)(78) sin 15° = 490.08 cm 2. The area of the room is: A=LW=15 The width W is 7 m less than twice the length L: W=2L-7 Then, LW = L(2L —7) 1, = 5m,and L, = — a 5m Since length cannot be negative, the length L of the rectangle is 5 meters. Let's call the length and the width be L and W, respectively. Given that the area of the keypad is 285 cm?: LX W =285 = £q.(1) The perimeter of the keypad is: Perimeter = 2L + 2W = 68 W=34-L + Eq.(2)@20 =15cm the length of u he keypad is 19 cm and the width is 15 cm. therefore, Let’s call L and H be t he length and height, respectively, of the sign. The length is 12 inches more than twice its height, ‘ight, L=2H+12 The perimeter of the sign is 312 inches P=2L+2H =312 Using 2H + 12 for L: 2(2H +12) 4+ 2H = 312 H=48in We have four towns at the corners of a square. There are four cars, and each car but the fourth goes 8 km/hr faster than the car ahead, in clockwise direction. Ifwe let v be the rate of the fourth car, then the rate of the third car is v3 = v + 8, the second car is v, = v + 16,and the first car is vy = v + 24. : At the end of one hour, the first and third cars are 204 km apart, and the second and fourth cars are 212 km apart, beeline (meaning straight distance). Tee 2 Ge tie |meacure of eachiside ofthe) sduars) (loa. between towns).oe be 526 MSTc Novem r 20R— wert 8 [raves ype v= 26 yown,| Secon Cat | Car? moni § geacta ae A Figure A Figure B For the first and third car\{Figure 4): y= +2 is +48) = ev —s + 32 By Pythagorean theorelh 2042 +2 5? 4 (2v—s'+ 32)? 41616 = 2s? — 4svh- 64s +4v? +1280 + 1024 2s? + 4y? = 40592 + ‘ev +64s—128v > Eq.(1) For the second and fourth car (Figure B): x = (s—v)— (v +4416) = 2—-2v+16 By Pythagorean theorem: 212? 2\ (2-204 16)? 2s? + 4v? = 44688 + 4sv + 24 x2 x s—64v > Eq.(2) Comparing (2s? + 4v*) of Eq. (1) and Eq! (2): 40592 + 4sv'+ 64s — 128v = 44688 + 4sv + 32s — 64v Ss = 4096 + 64v 1284200 >sing 128 + 2v for 5; . 2c2 "EP Ba.) 8+ 2vy2 + 4y2 — = 405 +64(128 4 2v) 2? of Ace +2v)v °= 26 kph 2 = 128 + 2026) = 180 km 1 Pp? | et's begin by findin, 8 the volum, ox and then use it ices be % it to express h in terms Given that the volume of the box is 4, V=x*h=4 h=4/x2 x Now, let's find the surface area of the open box. The surface area will be the sum of the areas of the base and the four sides. As =x? + 4xh Using 4/x? for)h: 2 4 A, =# + 4x(Z) 2,16 ‘ Asa t Q22 he len; ) 1 =12i T te the amount of T is 1 foot = 12 inches. To comput le gth of the hole is : Fi : , metal removed, we can find the difference in the volume of the hole before and after the reboring.123 The volume of the hole before reboring ist Y 54742) == 150.7964 i ‘The volume of the ee after reboring i 5 (4.12)*(42) = 159.98 in? Then the volume of nletal removed is: f y= V2 — 4 159.98 — 150.7964 = 9.184 in’ To solve this problem, We will use the concept of similar solids, as the coffee pot is a frustum ofa cone. The principle of similar sofids is an extension of the concept of similar figures in two dimensiond to -three-dimensional objects. Two solids are similar if they have th¥ same shape but possibly different sizes, Their corresponding lined: dimensions are in proportion. This concept has several importahe propetties ahd Mypiicadions Linear Ratios: The ratio of any two corresponding lengths in two similar solids is always the same, regardless of which two lengths you pick. If S; and Sz are §vo similar solids and. & is the scale factor (or the ratio of similarity), then the ratio of any linear dimension of S, to the corresponding linear dimension of Sp is k. Surface Area Ratios: The ratié of the surface areas of two similar’ solids will be the square of the ratio of their corresponding linear dimensions. If A, and A, are theiy surface areas, then: . Ay _ 2 1 St Az ‘Ss? ke Volume Ratios: The ratio of the volumes of two similar solids will be the cube of the ratio of their corresponding linear dimensions. If V_1 and V, are their volumes, then: >‘this principle is physics. The condition of the problem is illustrated ag shown. Cones 1, 2, and 3 are similar. By proportion of sides: VM O.5R Then H A AWite Usefyy | Na variety faye R > ¥1 = 05H h+y, =h+05H 2h and Hz =1.5h V1 = 0.5H =0.5(2h) =h By proportion of cones 1 and 2: Veone, _ H® _ _(2h)* oy Voones HE GSA 2" oa But Veone, — Veone, = 200 ce 27 = 200 > Veone, = 345.9459 ce Veone: — Gq Veoner By proportion of cones 1 and 3: ; Va eh) Veones HE24 — 300 But Veones = Veoner 345.9459 28S 345.9459 — 300 | H, = 1.0204h Finally, 4 y = Hy — yy = 1.0204h — h = 0.0204h Therefore, the 300 cc mark is 2.04% of the way down from the top of the pot. To estirnate the number of houses sold in 2016, we can use a linear growth model. Let's call x be the number of years since 2000 and y be the number of houses sold. Inyear 2002: x, = 2and y, = 200 Inyear 2007: x2 = 7 andy, = 278 The slope of the straight line is: Ya—¥1 _ 275-200 _ 4. %2—% «7-2 Using the point-slope form: yr Ms = M(x — x1) In 2016 (x = 16) y — 200 = 15(16 — 2) y = 410 Using the calculator (linear regression): ara es H “aoa! q neprs In year 2016; This is a geometry problem involving the concept of a parabola, When the ship's path ig equidistant from a fixeq point (the focus) and a fixed line (the directrix) the path isa parabola,” From the fi (directrix) Taina pa the fixed point (focus) is A and the line . _ Let's call P(x, y) be the position of the ship. The jistances dy = ./x2 4 © — yy? and diay a ahries ‘ip. d,=d, Vx? + O= y= +3 Squaring both sides: x? + (y? — 18y + 81) = y? + 6y +9 Simplifying: x? —24y+72=0 The equation of the path of the ship is x* — 24y + 72 = 0. The area of the triangle in terms of side x is: 1 = =x? sin 60° A 27 si27 pina ‘The rate at which the side of the triangle is changing ss d/ae | 27 cm/s, ‘The rate at which the area of the triang ging is aA/dt. = 3x sin 60° Differentiate both sides with respect to ¢: dx 1 ax in 60° a4 _ > sin 60° [ax] = x sin 60 ae dt 2 When x = 18 cm: a. 18 sin 60° (27) = 420.89 cm?/s dt : Let's call the position of Land Cruiser (with speed of 30 kph) from point A be 30¢ and the position of Expedition (with speed of 60 kph) from B be 60t, where ¢ is the time in hours after they start moving. Solving for s in triangle DAC using cosine law: (30t)? + (30 — 60¢)? — 2(30t)(30 — 60t) cos 60° = 6,300¢? — 4,500¢ + 900 when t = 30 min = 0.5 hr; = /6300(0.5)? — 4500(0.5) +900 = 15kmagineering Reter.., SE 533 ‘fo find how fast dhe 30 minutes, we no time ¢ = 0.5. distan, ed to find the 6300¢? — 4 soo, +900 asds/dt = 12,609; — 4,500 j 205) ds/de 12,60000.5) 45 ds/dt = 60 kph ; | ‘rer in the volume due to a small error in we'll us differential calculus. of the bin, fg the volume of the bin is: We need to find _@V, the approximate error in the volume, given a -small change ds ip the side jength, 3s?ds Given that s = 30 cmand ds L +£0.02, dv = 8480)" x 0.02 = 54cm? So, the approximate erronin the volume of the bin is +54 cm. 29 j To maximize the total profit, we need to find the production output (x) that maximizes the profit, which is the difference between the revenue (selling price per book multiplied by the number of books sold) and the cost (production cost per book multiplied by the number of books produced). Profit, P = Revenue, R(x) — Cost, C(x)534 MSTC 30 Novembe, Ro. given as: c@)=* on is: R@, The cost function is aja + 350x + 250 The revenue Funct y = (500.— x/2)) Profit: e the derivative of the profit function with ae K er fi Now, to maximize profit "9 To to find the critical points: respect to x and set it equal t 3 dP) _ 159-30 ae = 100 books Therefore, to maximize total profit, the daily production output of books should be 100 units. To find the distance covered by the particle, we need to integrate the speed of the particle over a given time interval. Given the parametric equations x = t? and y = 2t?, we can compute the speed by using the Pythagorean theorem on the derivative of each coordinate with respect to t. The x-component of the velocity is: ax) _ a4) _ sn ' Me Ge ae bb The y-component of the velocity is: vy, =O) _ dQt?) Bmdee aidesengineering Refenc, ( oT SS ~~" ‘The resultant velocity See ea = veut 160? de ty ee 9t* + 160? de | Station. ax | : 3 151267699 31 : : i The area of the region ic avon i- 1 n/2 * i rs de j 2n/3 wa Inthis problem,r=0, ; | - O,=Oand 6, = 7n/4. y 5x6 3 47m f => 6? de a 2 f 1 me a 26°] j Tnlb, 1 mm : ; t Tea a6 ( 4) 9 cr re Sx/3 A = 27.696 square units f oe r paar ex 27.69571668)32 133 34 i is 0, you can ci If the standard deviation ofa set of observations is 0, y‘ onclude that all observations are the same value. deviation is a measure of the spread oy ‘ound the mean, and a Standarq data points are identical and there This is because the standard variability of the data points ar deviation of 0 indicates that all the is no variability. ili ill happen (i.e., the plane To find the probability that both events wil J landing safely in Tokyo and then in San Francisco), you simply multiply the probabilities of the individual events. Given: Probability (safe landing in Tokyo), P(T) = 0.9998 Probability (safe landing in San Francisco after Tokyo), P(S) = =0.9996 The combined probability, P(T and S), that the plane will land safely in both Tokyo and San Francisco is: : P(T and S) = P(T) x P(S) P(T and S) = 0.9998 x 0.9996 = 0.9994 So, there's a 0.9994 or 99.94% probability that the plane will land safely in both Tokyo and San Francisco. Assuming that the estimate is accepted: The company covers the preparation cost and makes a profit. Total revenue in this case = Preparation cost + Profit = P10,000 + P25,000 = P35,000 Expected revenue when the estimate is accepted = Probability of acceptance x Total revenue .7 x P35,000 24,500However, the cost of prepa, ; ' = Eccounting for costs) when thet Temains, so the net gain (profit after = P24,500 - P10,000 Sere accepted 33 7 23° po determine the angular 5 relation between rpm (revolnn We first need to understand the uti + ‘ions per minute) and angular speed. Angular speed (usually denot second. One revolution is equivalency measured in radians per valent to 27 radians. Given: The wheel rotates at 1600 revohitions per minute (rpm). So, the angular speed in radians per minute is: @ = 1600 x 2x = 32007 rad/min 36 oe oue The change in length to axial stress a is: oL AL, => The change in length due to change in temperature AT is: AL, = @LAT oL AL, =AL, > = =a@LAT E o = @EAT 34.5 = 22.5 x 1076(70,000)AT = AT = 21,9°C Q 2 we need to consider the area To find the true tensile stress of the wire, before and after necking.38 True stress, as opposed to nominal or engineering stress, is calculateg using the current or instantaneous area (after deformation) rathey. than the original area. When a material undergoes necking, the cross. sectional area reduces, thereby increasing the true stress compared tg the nominal stress. Thenominal stress is: Fr On =F- Ao 300 MPa where F is the applied force and A, is the initial (original) area. The true stress is: - Serue = Ar where Ay is the final area after necking. Given that there's a 77% reduction in area due to necking: Ay = Ay —0.77Ag = 0.2340, Then, FF _F/Ao Peruse = A 023A, 0.23 300 Serve = 77g = 1304.35 MPa To determine the average distance from Jupiter to the Sun, we will utilize Kepler's third law of planetary motion. The law states that for any planet, the square of the time T it takes to orbit the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance r from the Sun. This can be formulated as: 2 3 (= ) 7 (ft )in this problem 7 11.86 Years, Pnieg, =) 1 year, Tearth = 1.496 x 108 km, Tjuiter = Ly 1. (ae) = (M3ex10"y Jupiter Thupiter = 7.78 x 10° km a 39 To estimate th © cos| and a garage using the gnehouse Consisting of 1500 m2, two porches, components aind then sum them en. we can break down the cost into Cost of the house based on area: Area = 1500 m2 . Cost per square meter = P4,000 /m? Cost of the house eee Cost of the house rea x Cost per square meter 500 m? x P4,000/m? = P6,000,000 Cost of two porches: . Cost per porch = P200,000/porch Total cost of two porches = 2 x Cost per porch = 2 x P200,000 = P400,000 Cost of the garage: Cost of the garage = P300,000/garage Now, add up the costs of the individual components to find the estimated total cost: Total estimated cost = Cost of the house + Cost of two porches + Cost of the garage Total eotimated cost = P6,000,000 + P400,000 + P300,000 = P6,700,000 So, the estimated cost of the house consisting of 1500 m?, two porches, and a garage is P6,700,000.40 is an economic concept that refers al or society is willing to pay to hh, It is typically measured by 'P) of individuals or society to mount. The value of a statistical life (VSL) to the amount of money an individu: reduce the risk of premature deat estimating the willingness-to-pay (wT! reduce the probability of death by a small ai To calculate the breakeven value of a statistical life (VSL), we need to find the value of VSL at which the cost of a highway project is equal to the expected benefits from reduced fatalities and injuries. The annual cost of the highway project is: Initial cost, FC = $1,500,000 Annual maintenance, OM = 3%FC = $45,000 n = 40 years, i = 8% Fc t+iri _ . aot +0mM AC = FC(A/F, i,m) + OM = Gan : 40 AC = 2500,000(1 + 0.08)°0.08) | 4s, 990 (1 + 0.08)#9 — 1 AC = $170,790.24 The annual cost of benefits is: Number of vehicles per year = 10,000x 365 = 3,650,000 8 Number of deaths per year = 3,650,000 => Hl 0,000 Number of deaths per year =0.1095 With the additional lane, the accident would reduce to 5 per 100 million, this means a reduction of 3 from the original 8, or the reduced rate is 3/8. This reduced rate also applies to non-fatal and property damage. Annual cost of project = Benefits from reduced fatalities and injuries a 170,790.24 = & x 0.1095 [VSL + 40(15000) + 300(2000)] VSL = $359,728To find the real (i services, subtrac cost of services; nflatio, t the “adjusted) ; era inaurease in the price of the design ” rate from the increase in the Real increase = 60 _ "0 4% = 20, Year 1: Year 2: : Year 3: P204,000.00 Year 4: P208,080.00 Year 5: P212,241.60 = P216,486.43 Or, the year 5 cost is: F=PQA+inre 200,000(1 + 0.02)* F = P216,486.43 42 To calculate the benefit-cost ratio, all costs and benefits over the 4 interest rate of 10%. we need to find the annual value of O-year life of the project, using an Annual benefits, AB = $1M + $1.25M + $1M =$3.25M Annual costs: * Construction cost, P = $20M,n = 40 PA +i)" 20(1 + 1.1)*9(0.1) i) = Bed = a ODP OT = $2.045M PUP. Cm) = oie i sae * Annual maintenance = $0.35M 7 =$3M,n=8 + Repaving every 8 years, F = $3M, 7 ri 800.20) $0.0113 M F(A/F, in) = G@+o"-1 ~G@+01)8-1November 2023 “gaz ere ee F = 85M, 7 43 44 2.045 4035+ 0.0113 + 0.2623 = $2.669M Total annual cos 5 /2.669 = 1-22 Benefit-cost ratio ighway project is 1.22. This ject’s benefits exceeds the indicating that the Therefore, the benefi¢-cost ratio for the hi means that the presgnt value of the pro) present value of its costs by a ratio of 1,22 to: project is financially “es . & : As illustrated in the figur DE 0 = arctan (5) 1 200 a 6 = arctan (575) = 9.462 6 =9°27'4 ‘The bearing of point 1 to 2 is S9°27/44'W The condition of the problem is illustrated as shown. The zenith angle is*the angle between. the vertical (zenith direction) and the line of sight from the observer to the object. So the angle of the line from the horizontal is 90° 75° = 15°pe m46 a — from the rightacg, To determine the wej A ighted the following formula: mean of the m, : easurements, we will use Xmean = =X Wi) Ew; where x; are the record, € led me: weights. ‘asurements and w; are their respective In this problem, x, = 482.15 482.22 m, Ws = 2,and x, = 482.1 | 23 = 48217 m, wa = 2, x3 = 482.19, w, = 4. 482. Xmean = 22215) + 482.17(2) + 482.22(2) + 482.19(4) 1+24244 Xmean = 482.188 m To compute the mean of the measurements, we will multiply each distance by its corresponding frequency, sum up these products, and then divide by the total number of measurements. The formula for the mean (or average) is: _ 2Gifid mean = Sp where x; are the measurements and f are their respective frequencies (number of measurements). 520.1(2) + 520. 16(3) + 520.21(7) + 520.26(8) 24+3+7+8 =520.21m Xmean XmeanNovember 202; 544 MsTc gs an indicator of its rebability @ than longer routes), then a sach to this problem = Wave consider theflength of the route (i orter routds are more accurat Weighted average would be a better appre \ common method fous be to take the reciprocal of the length as the it, such that shbrter lengths have higher weights. wei: Length” D> Pifference in Weight J evation (meters) | _____-__. ei 42 1/6.2 1/5.8 4 1/3.8 given that the elevation of A is 42.635 m, the most probable elevation of B is: ¢ i 425.477 = 468.112m 42.63 Using the Calculator to solve A ineant Mode = Stat > Lin \ x] Y Yb FREQ |ceeen OEE) 1/62 * IERROTENET| | jieHO) Weighted average eer all 425. 4769838 |m49 A project can be de fi specific objective aned aS a serie, S Of activit; defined start ang end 4 completed within es and tasks that have a 0 by consume resources, (2teS ha n certain specifications, have iti ing limits (if applicabl d Additionally, project h as mone applicable), an project is progressin et” Y, people, and equipment. iene lan and that any issues or monica ‘erefore, options I, II, IV, and net ed project planning,” is not a make sense on its own. in a timely mai tion III, " and does V are all correct. © complete statement For harbor and c withstand a variety of eheteuction, the materials selected need to nges specific to the marine environment. Explanation of the option: 1. . Specific gravity: This is relevant structures. or when t environment. ; especially for floating considering buoyancy in a marine Il. Material strength: Essential for any structural application to ensure the material can ‘carry the intended loads. Ill. Resistance to cyclical impact loading: This is crucial in coastal environments where structures are subject to wave action, tidal forces, and other repetitive impacts. IV. Resistance to seismic forces: Depending on the region, this can be a vital consideration, especially for areas prone to earthquakes. V. Material flexibility: In coastal and marine environments, flexibility can help structures better withstand the dynamic forces imposed by waves, tides, and other impacts. While not a direct material property, the size of ize: . 7 ia Sauce ene its response to marine conditions and how a structure can affect its it interacts with the environment. Given the above analysis, the correct answer would be all of the above.November 2o; 546 MSTCc cQs50 msi i lly floating. Floati, ing: reeding, the next step is usua Be een ae aay imperfections, pushes the aggregate dow. into the mix, and brings the finer materials, such as cement, to the surface. This is done using a tool called a float, w hich can be ether a large wooden or magnesium tool that's fla ‘ ini: is i | the final processes afte, Finishing: This is a general term for all 1 . Teveling the concrete to achieve aie cota hardness, and appearance. This can include troweling, as well as other methods ike brooming, stamping, or applying a decorative finish. The objective is to ensure the concrete surface is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. ss of drawing a flat board (screed fa mass of freshly poured concrete like motion to ensure the surface Screeding: Screeding is the proce: board) across the top surface o} to level it. It is moved in a saw- is flat and even. Troweling: This is the process of smoothing the surface of the concrete after it has been leveled. Troweling can be done manually with a hand trowel or mechanically with a power trowel. It’s intended to give a smooth, finished surface to the concrete. The correct answer is Screeding. Risk: Risk refers to the likelihood or probability of a harmful event occurring due to exposure to a hazard. It often combines the probability of occurrence with the severity of the potential harm. Hazard: A hazard is a source or situation with the potential to cause harm in terms of injury, ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these. Threat: A threat is a potential cause of an unwanted event that may result in harm to a system or organization. It often relates to potential security incidents or breaches. Liability: Liability refers to the state of being responsible for something, especially in terms of legal or financial obligations. The correct answer is Hazard.(a as Qs4 In the context of healy that a Person will be wuana Safety, exposed to a hazard, fp 1" x 2 2 ‘he probabili or adv n Perien, abili harm erse health effects” refer to then adverse health effect if otential severity of that ity or likelihood phe term "hazara" to cause harm in ae to any source Is or situats property or the environment @™an injury Gato that can cause harm, whije aU! other wong! health, or damage to will actually occw sl rds, a hazard is something i deseri due to that hazarae’s the likelihood that the harm n with the potential Risk Assessment: Risk potential hazards jy ysS™ent is the identifyi associated with those has neggVORDIACG, ‘evaluating ‘the eke een * risks to eliminate or control one determining appropriate ways s. af : ' enacts foty pecaGt {s a behavior or action that deviates from accident or injury. es or practices, increasing the risk of an Oversight: Oversight typically refers to unintentional omission or failure to notice something, but in some contexts, it can mean supervisory or regulatory actions. The correct answer is unsafe act. The correct answer to the described concept is grade resistance. Grade resistance refers to the component of a vehicle's weight that acts parallel to an inclined surface. When a vehicle is on an incline, a portion of its weight tries to pull it back down the slope, which is the grade resistance. The steeper the incline, the greater the grade resistance. This is the force with which a planet or other body i i i ical objects ‘d its center. It gives weight to physica ible for the object's descent on an inclined plane, Gravity Forc draws objects tc and is responsiass put on its own, it doesn't specifically represent the component parallel to the incline. i to the acts perpendicular eras e's tires and the road surface, jt ‘d allows the vehicle to move Friction Force: Friction force — resistance, between the vehic prevents the vehicle from sliding an forward. tance is the force resisting the i i heel) rolls on motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wi F surface. It's mainly caused by the deformation of the wheel, the deformation of the surface, or both. Rolling Resistance: Rolling resis' Fatigue Strength: Fatigue strength is a measure of a material's ability to withstand repeated or cyclic stresses. Over time, even if these stresses are below the material's yield strength, cyclic loading can lead to the formation and growth of cracks, which may ultimately cause the material to fracture. This phenomenon is termed as "fatigue," and the study of it aims to predict such failures. Tensile Strength: Tensile strength is a measure of a material's resistance to breaking when pulled apart. It represents the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand without breaking, It's a fundamental property often used in: mechanical and materials engineering to characterize materials. Elasticity: Elasticity describes a material's ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. Materials that demonstrate high elasticity can deform under stress but return to their original shape when the stress is removed. It's a property that defines how "springy" or "elastic" a material is. ility: Ductility refers to a material's ability to deform under tensile stress, often shown by its ability to be stretched into a wire. Ductile materials can absorb significant deformation without breaking, which contrasts with brittle materials that can fracture without much plastic deformation. The correct answer is Fatigue Strength. jwe a The correct answe T to the Scrik Ded Cons Puction me er column It's drj : 8 drive S by trans i oF rock, A pile is a long, stena, thod is pile wood, steel, or coneret, support structure. stable layers of so typica: YPically made from materials like 1 or bere forring th bgred deep into the ground to S the# loads to deeper and more Caisson: This is 4 w. construction of fo “are sunk into th, with concrete. & Structure used during the ¥s or in swampy ground. They pe depth and then filled undations in wat atertight rea © ground to the ‘Shoring: Shoring refers to the proge: prevent collapse so that cans used in trenching or, in build; adjacent structures. S Of supporting a structure to ction can proceed. It is typically F construction to support existing FieGehs ia 5 A vertical support structure that supports at mediate points coy span of a bridge or arch. It can also refer to a structure extenfling out into the water to provide docking for boats. G57 7 The correct answer to the described concept is trip me / A trip is understood as the movement of an individual or a vehicle from a starting point (origin) to an end point (destination). It is indeed the basic unit of travel behavior and is often characterized by its origin, destination, purpose, time, mode of transportation, and sometimes the route taken. Route: A specific predetermined pathway or course taken for traveling from an origin fo a destination. Path: Similar to a route, it refers to a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading. or people travel, usually Road: A defined surface on which vehicl connecting two or more placesass caso * 60 ; n angle is tu . estion, where a! hed d in the des. the context of surveying, j, The procedure described 19 Te ay i twice and then averaged, known as Double Centering jpt is signal coordi The correct answer to the described concept is sign: ination, Signal coordination involve! ing the timing eae signals at ignal coordina’ seth flow. o multiple intersections in a way that Peeps ‘and delays ae through the intersections, thereby cee OF 8 ridor. When aan couere paar along the uultiple intersections without correctly, vehic eet tea having to stop repeatedly, as P ignal at each subsequent intersection. 5 adjusti main roa‘ i ioht: A signal light, often referred to as a traffic light or traffic paaaue on ‘aectrtcally operated set of lights positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, or other locations to control the flow of traffic. It generally displays the colors red (to indicate "stop'), yellow or amber (to indicate "slow down!’ or ‘prepare to stop’), and green (to indicate ‘go'). Signal Control: This is a broader term that encompasses the various methods and systems used to operate traffic signals based on specific criteria. Signal control strategies might be fixed time (pre- timed, where signals change after a set duration), actuated (changing based on the detection of vehicles or pedestrians), or adaptive (adjusting “in real-time based on current traffic conditions). ‘A thermoplastic lane marking is a type of pavement marking material that is applied to the surface of roads to indicate lane boundaries, crosswalks, symbols, and other information for drivers. The description provided in the question sounds more like a "rumble strip" or "tactile paving". Rumble strips are raised or grooved patterns on the road surface that produce noise and vibration when a vehicle drives over them, providing a warning to the driver. Tactile paving, on the other hand, is a textured paving surface that is designed to help@61 “2 Symbols’ and legend: Other type: S Of th rig, thermoptastic lane ar ari. . Longitudinal Ns include Markings: 1 to the direct; Bs: oes afe markings that run parallel ¢ flow, f and can include lane lines, : sand crogswalks ‘Transverse i 7 Be 5 rectiog of traffi and can i Stop lities, yield lines ot pf traffic flow and can include b The specific messages or war symbols like a bicycle Jan e Raised pavement. marl attached to the road s tactile feedback to dri © are markings that represent ngs, such as arrows, words, or r pedestrian crossing, These are markers that are ace and provide both visual and ‘s, such as reflectors or rumble strips. vi All of these thermoplastic lant markings are designed to provide _ guidance, information, and wafnings to drivers to enhance safety and improve traffic flow. The provision of safety sight distance is influenced by various characteristics of the road environment: I. Road geometry-grade and curvature-sight limitation: This directly affects sight distance. For instance, ifa road is curved, the sight distance will be limited due to the curve itself. Similarly, the grade (or slope) oi the road can either elevate or limit a driver's sight distance. unsealed, smooth or rough: The ‘ition of the road surface alfects vehicle maneuverability and conditio e road s i tues, A rough or unsealed road might reduce the Sepa re to st ,p quickly, thus affecting the necessary sight vehicle's ability (0 st distance. ll. Road surface-sealed oFci 62 ont: This is crucial for visibility illumination at night: i ly, ee Fea ate illurnination ensures that drivers can ise) obs ctiong or etic vehicles from a sufficient distance to re: iy. : Hl js is related to road geometry, jt IV. Road topography: While ae nding environment, like hills, izes more on the surr’ ‘ ike i Soyer ete hese can either obstruct or improve a driver's sight distance. Given these explanations, all of the mentioned characteristics influence the provision of safety sight distance. The correct answer would be: A. All of the above Safety’ sight distance on a roadway refers to the length of roadway ahead that is visible to the driver. The distance is vital as it ensures the driver has enough time and space to take necessary actions like braking or maneuvering in the case of any obstructions or situations. Explanation of the options: L._ Type of vehicles, car or truck: Different vehicles have different stopping distances and height perspectives. For example, a truck might require a longer distance to stop than a car due to its larger mass. Il. Friction between the tire and road: Friction affects the braking capability of a vehicle. Higher friction allows vehicles to stop in shorter distances. Ill. Eye height of the driver: Sight distance is affected by the height from which a driver observes. A truck driver, seated higher, might see over obstacles that a car driver, seated lower, cannot. IV. Speed of vehicle: The faster a vehicle is traveling, the more distance it needs to come to a stop, and hence, a longer sight distance is required. Given these explanations, the correct answer would be all of the above.