+ Ton TranghgeCose -+ Phuong rink he phuimg tinh bt phoma ek Niiquy Cop) mai? BY Cac dang phuong trinh bac 4 va cach giai atau bs Hoangtest, 2g 10-2014 22:09 HoangHtuyltt Dipiascoaong 220 CAC PHUONG PHAP GIAI PHUONG TRINH BAC BO’N Trong chuong trinh dai sd” 6 trudng phé théng ching ta chi hoc mét loai phuong trinh bie bé‘n dic biét. Dé 1 phuong trinh tring phuong. Tuy nhién trong cdc dé” thi dai hoc thi dang phwong trinh thueng khai trién va dva vé" dang phuong trinh bic bn khng thuse dang tring phuong, Sau day xin giéi thigu voi cdc ban each giai cdc phwong trinh bic bén dang a4 + ax + be? + cx +d = 0 trong dé a,b, ¢, dla cc sd” thye khac khéng: 1. Bié’n d6i hop li va sng tao trong mét sd" truéng hop cy thé 2. Phan tich da thire thanh nhan tir bang phuong phép hé s6° bat dinh 3. COng thie nghigm téng quét cua phuong trinh bie 4 4. Phyong phap 40° thi. CAC PHUONG PHAP: 1. Bié‘n ddi hgp li va sing tgo trong mit s6° tru’ng hgp cy thé. Vidua. Gi phuong tinh (2? — a)? — 62 + 42 +20 0 Phsong tinh (1) duge vit thin af —2az? 4a? — 62" 4-de +20 =0 haya —(2a+6)2? +4240? +2a=0 (2) Phaong tinh (2) fi phuong tein bic bn di voix mi bun king duge hoe cic gi Nong ta ia b the vil phoomg en (1) di dang a?-2(2?—1)a+a—62"+42=0 63) ‘Vaxem (3) li phuong tink bic hai d5i voi a. ‘Voi ich nin ny, 18 im due theo x ayg=2?—14 Velde? 1284 a? 2-14 Vitae 214 (22-1) Gi ee phuamg tinh Bf ha i voix a?+22-a-2=0 (4) Viz? -22— (s) Tatim duge ee np (1) theo ‘Didu kign dé (4) c6 nghigm la 3 + @ > 0 va cde nghiém cia (4) la ie1a Vira Dida kign dé (5) e6 nghigm Ib 4 a > O vd cde nghitm cia (5) zysltvite Vidu2. Git phuwng tinh 2 c —Set4de+4=0 (1) Phong win (1) due vide da ng =a! —21— (ta? —42-4) =0 (22-1) ~4 (242-1) (24) (2? 2-1) =0 Vay (1) 06 4 nghitm a v5 1+v5 Vidu3. Giai phuong trinh 32a4 — 4825-1027 +212 +5=0 (1) Gi Ta viet (a) dusi dang: 2 (1624 ~ 242° + 92”) — 7 (4x? ~ 32) +5 =0 ‘Va dat: y = 42? — 8 thi (1) duge bié’n di thank, ay —Ty+5=0 Tedd yp =A vay = $ Giai tié’p cde phwong trinh bic hai d6"i voi x sau day (sau khi thayy: = 1 va. ye = 3 vio y = 42? — 32): 4c? —32-1=0 va8z? — 62-5 =0 Ta sé duge cée nghigm cia (1) Vi dy 4. Giai phuong trinh et +325 —162?+32+2=0 (a) Gi 2 ay 1a phwong trinh bac bd n (va 1a phuong trinh hoi quy khi < ) ) ‘Voi phuong trinh nay ta gidi nhu sau: hai vé" cia phuong trinh cho 2? (khde kh6ng) thi (1) tuong duong voi 2a? 432-164 242-0 = z aya (2+ 5) +8 (244) -16=0 z = Dat y= a+ — thiy? 2 yaad othiy’ Phuong trinh (1) duge 2(y—2) +3y—16=0hay 2y* + 3y— 20 Phuong trinh nay c6 nghiém la ys: = —4, yo 3 Mwett= wave + 2 = 5 ticle? + 4e+1=0va2e? 5242-0 Tir dé ta tim duge cac nghiém cia (1) 1a: 1 12 =-24 V3,25 pune Nhu vay, véi cdc vi dy 2,3 va 4 ta gidi duge phvong trinh bie b6‘n nhe bié t bin adi sing tg0 vé" trai cia phuong trinh dé din téi vige giai cde phyong trinh va phuong trinh quen thude. 2, Phan tich da thie thanh nhiin ti bang phuong phap hé s6” bat dinh. Vides. Giai phuong trinb: x + 42° — 102” +372 -14=0 (0) Git: ‘Ta thir phan tich vé" tri than hai nhan ti bécbai 2 + pe + qviz” 4 rz + 8, trong dé p, q,7,8 ld céc hé s6 nguyén chua xc dnb. Ta és a4 42? — 102" + 312-14 = (2? +p2 +g) (22 tre +8) @) (Dé ng nha ‘t cdc hé 86" cia nhitng s6° hang cing bic hai vé" cia d6"ng nba‘t thie ta e6 hg phuong trinh saw ‘Nhirphizong tri cu i edng cia he ny ta dosin nh ofc git nguyin tong mg ob thé I'y duge ia q vis. Thiel" luted gi teeing th thay wi g = 2, » = ~7 phoong rink tht hai va th ba eia hg trén cho ta bg phuong triah méi ra-5 {apemest MA pei thi duge 2r* — 87 +35 = 0 Phuong trinh nay cho nghitm nguyén cia v1. Nhe thé” ta suy rap Thay ee gi trip, qyr, ia tim duge vio (2) th eb af 4 do? — 102" 4 372-14 = (252 +2) (242-7) Phuzong tein (1) ang vi (2 — S2-+2) (2+ 2-7) =0 Giai phucag tin ich ny ta duge ee nghigm sas ea (1): sav 1a VB 2% 2 Lara $: Trong mét s6” truéng hgp ta khOng thé ding phuong phap nay vi nhi trén khong duge nhu mong mu6 n ching han khi hé trén kh6ng ¢6 ngl 3. Cong thire nghigm tong quat cia phwong trinh bic 4 Dung eat pin ch da thie 24-4 aa? + ba + ex + thi ha han i ie ai Dang dn phy by a bign i nh sau fle)= (2+ feet bn) tte teeta bat : 0~ (2+ deeeds)'—[(nede sors (or-ojes (Ia) o Tam thite trong dau mée vudng ¢é dang: Az? + Br + C Az? + Bo + Ces thé viet dati dang: Az" + Be +0 = (Pe+q)* (3) Kivi ch kh B® = 4AC = O hay 4AC ~ 5 = 0: : rsia(ne Sats) (Bate) - (Lon) caseegueeseuh= aps? tga du c6 thé dura vé dang (*) nbis phép bién wom tn bf ba cia Caedend (nh toin hye newb) (*) qua cdc hg sé cia n6, Moi phuong trinh bac ba ting quit: dgy® + ayy? + aay + ag = 0, dg #0 oP a (Cong tite due vit nu sau: trong dé mbi ca thie be ba vé so ba gi tr, nhumg pi chon cd cdp gi tr c6 ich bing — Bu cng vi nan) (order bs) Geta? a TE thi (2) duge vide dud dang: f (2 vy 2,2 1 ry ae dye. fey= ( agetgttees) ( tort de +a) - veaeat+ (Jats)et trano Ciba ai i 29) (1) 1 2 a(n 22) (bie-8) -(-4n-1)'=0 the h? + 7h? — 26h — 175 ~(ie-9)*= e (2? - p24 $4 f2- 4) (2? -fet+$-fe+ 4) <0 ya vio (3) vi vai Tye = 1d = 6 thi sinh duge p 4. Phuong phép 46° thi. Phuong phy ‘Dé gidi phuong trinh bac bé“n attas+be+er+d=0 (1) ba°ng d6° thi, ta hay dat 2? = y— me Phuong trinh (1) tré thanh: y* — 2mzy + m2? + azy—azm? + be? +ce+d=0 Dé Khir duge ede s6” hang ¢6 zy trong phyong trinh nay thi phai c6 —Im+a=0vam= > Vay né"u dat 2 4 4 ca? a? =y—mevim = 5 tier2 sata a’ Thi () trathanhs 7? + Fa? — F Thay 2” bai y — Sa va bié’n di thi (2) tra thanh a 2? 4ba*+er+d=0 (2) eye (g+- Feeles (5-$-1)u+a=0 Vay phuong trinh (1) tyong duong véi hé phwemg trinh =2'+$2,(8) fore (g4+9-940)2+(b- ¢-1)y+d=0,(4) Do dé hoanh dé céc giao diém cua parabol, dé" thi (3) va cia duémg tron, dé” thi eta (4), 1 nghiém cia phuong trinh (1) di cho Né‘uta dit my = 2? + gat #0) thi khi cae giao diém cia hai parabol y nghiém cia phuong trinh (1) lsi& hoanh 4 aly 4s Yn? + Om , 2, m(b—*)y vice me Ot), BAITAP AP DUNG: Bay gid, ta hay van dung céc phuong php trén dé giai ede phuong trinh bac bon sau: )at + 4x + 32? + 22 -1=0, 2)at + 2a + 52? + dae —12=0, 3)62‘ + 525 — 382? + 52 +6 =0, 4)x4 + 523 — 1227 + 52 +1=0, 5)x4 +209 — 2x? + 6x — 15 dance Digit 2s0-2014-2019 Phan tich h9 minh edu nay, dang bi :3 of — 24° —y!— ay + Sy? — dy +4 Vito Khang Scaletta _ pissior-oy-2015-1m2 |) vector thing 7 ors: 1:0, ho din xn ko Bid i chy cho tm anh c6 thé gh hich ts ato eof el ting qu ny ae oak? ‘Mot da tht bie 4 06 thé phn tch than nhan tua 2 da thie bie 2 ban @ Dinh Xuan Hung Diigo 0720152025 | vee tic a4 hing 10 2og-2:08, Hoong ndBATTAP AP DUNG: Bay gid, ta hay van dung ef phuong php trén dé giai ede phuong trinh béc b6“n sau: )at +428 + 327 +22 -1=0, 2)at + 22° +527 +42 —-12=0, 3)6x* + 52° — 382? + 5a +6 = 4)a4 + 525 — 1227 +52 +1=0, 5)a4 + 25 — 22? + 62 — 15 =0. fe? +82 — Ile? +241) 2\(e~1)(e+2)(2? +2+6)=0 De —2)(22—1)fe + 8)(32 +1 4)PT A6"i xing, 5)C6 nban tirla 2 + 22-5 Kunkon2901 | vets inst da thite bac ba thudng thi la az® + bz? + ce +d = a(x + )(z? + ge +h) “Tes Phoong in, pheng toh Bt pho nh Diéadin Tonge — Toln Tunghne Coa — Phong i, hi pong rsh v bt phoog ih M1 Tota trang ioc Coss + Phuongstinh, peng ink At phan nh