STUDENT'S ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

DAILY REPORT OF ACTIVITIES

Name of Trainee: _DOCOT, MARK ERICKSON V. Company: MAPUA UNIVERSITY

Class Schedule: Monday to Friday | 8am – 5pm Professor: Engr. Edward Ang

Note: The trainee should give a brief but clear report on the task performed, its purpose and how it is
accomplished. Also, indicate the machines, equipment, tools and materials used, if any. Practice Safety.

Date: April 11, On today's OJT, I am tasked to read a mechanical or manufacturing engineering
2022 journal on the Mapua e-library. The first article that I chose is entitled "Climate of
Time In: 8am
Optimism." Statements of optimism about the world's ability to address climate
Time Out:
5pm change are frequently met with skepticism. This energy specialist argues why we will
Hour Spent: 8 succeed in combating climate change, and we will do it faster than most people
hours expect.

Certified When people express their belief that climate action will triumph over denial or
Correct by: delay, they emphasize the importance of this problem among younger people.
Engr. Edward While older individuals may afford to be more cautious and less worried, people
Ang aged 50 and under are more eager to act. The fact that energy firms themselves are
Supervisor/ now pressing for change is, in my opinion, the most vital sign that action will be
Trainer taken. And in my experience, worries about climate change are frequently divided
by a generational split.

For example, ENGIE has vowed to achieve net-zero emissions by 2045 for its own
direct emissions and all emissions upstream and downstream from its operations.
More corporations will follow suit under pressure from authorities, investors,
employees, and consumers. According to one estimate, ESG assets will be valued at
$50 trillion by 2025, accounting for one-third of all assets under management. Oil
and gas businesses are aware of this, and rather than watching as ESG investors
desert them, they are trying to shift to possibilities that utilize their skillsets for a
low-carbon future.
 Figure 1. Windmill

As we all know, the windmill is an example of renewable energy, and it is eco-

friendly. Some oil and gas companies think they only have five to six years of activity
left, rather than two or three decades. These tendencies, in my opinion, are
irreversible; it's an avalanche that has already begun and cannot be halted or
reversed. The sum of money is incredible. The days of coal being the primary fuel for
the global power system are ended. Some independent oil and gas enterprises in
the United States resist the flow.

Even now, the burning of fossil fuels to become a source of energy is alarming.
Recently, there has been an issue regarding the burning of fossil fuels, and some
scientist says they must stop the burning of fossil fuels to avoid lessening the earth's
life span.

As I thoroughly think about the issue regarding this topic, I realize that all of us must
do something to innovate our source of energy. We can utilize the usage of
windmills, dams, etc.

Source:

Webber, M. (2022, February 13). Climate of Optimism. Climate-of-Optimism

After-a-Year-of-Droughts-And.

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2376/memagazineselect/article/144/2/48

/1140184/Climate-of-OptimismAfter-a-Year-of-Droughts-and
Date: April 12, On the second day of my OJT for this week. I read the article "Artificial Intelligence in
2022 Advanced Manufacturing: Current Status and Future Outlook." This article is about
Time In: 8 am
the manufacturing system that is evolving fast. Latest developments in artificial
Time Out:
5pm intelligence (A.I.) have promised to alter the manufacturing domain through
Hour Spent: 8 enhanced analytics tools for analyzing the massive volumes of industrial data
hours collected, referred to as Big Data. This article aims three-fold: to examine current A.I.
applications to representative manufacturing problems, provide a systematic view
Certified
Correct by: for analyzing data and process dependencies at multiple levels that A.I. must
comprehend, and distinguish significant challenges that will further utilize A.I. for
Engr. Edward manufacturing. For overcoming these challenges, the article employs the
Ang hierarchical organization frequently seen in manufacturing facilities to investigate
Supervisor/
the interrelationships of incoming material process streams from the overall system
Trainer
level to the more detailed granular level.

Figure 2. Example of Publications for A.I.

Manufacturing is on the verge of tremendous change and innovation, fueled by

increased sensor and Internet-of-things (IoT) integration, enhanced data availability,
and advancements in robotics and automation. The everyday practice of problem-
solving, which involves the search for root causes, lends itself particularly well to A.I.
systems capable of detecting and categorizing multidimensional, nonlinear patterns
in operational and performance data. The issue of A.I. in manufacturing has piqued
the scientific community's interest, with the number of papers constantly increasing
over the last 40 years. A high-level, basic structure and crucial aspects of intelligent
manufacturing systems and government programs worldwide are offered. Review
papers have concentrated on specific manufacturing areas, offering more granular
analyses supported by more thorough examples.

Figure 3. Hierarchical Plant Organization

Since the application of artificial intelligence in manufacturing has seen such rapid
growth in the amount of published research, a review paper like this one needs
organizing to construct a framework to help evaluate, review, and summarize the
large body of literature in this field of ongoing research, development, and industrial
implementation. This work is unique because it takes a hierarchical approach to
define plant systems and processes since that is how plants are frequently arranged,
both physically and functionally, as demonstrated in Fig. 3. The manufacturing
system's hierarchical, three-level breakdown (system-process-material) is like the
ISA-95 structure. This article investigates cutting-edge A.I. applications to critical
industrial challenges. Also, it gives a system-level view for understanding data
processing connections at the various levels that A.I. must grasp. The work is
structured following the hierarchical logic depicted in Fig. 3.

In conclusion, even if the situation is knowledge-sparse, reinforcement learning in

industrial control systems benefits from abundant data points. Many A.I.
technologies are being used efficiently in HRC to transmit intent between people
and machines. This study investigated artificial intelligence (A.I.) to improve
manufacturing process monitoring and modeling material knowledge. For example,
artificial intelligence has been used to anticipate material properties and
experimental outcomes in a fraction of the time traditional methodologies would
take. Despite varying application and research gaps, the expanding adoption of AI-
based analytical tools is undeniably increasing.
 Source:

Arinez, J., Chang, Q., Gao, R., Xu, C., & Zhang, J. (2020, August 13).

Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Manufacturing: Current Status and

Future Outlook. Artificial-Intelligence-in-Advanced-Manufacturing.

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2376/manufacturingscience/article/142/1

1/110804/1085487/Artificial-Intelligence-in-Advanced-Manufacturing

Date: April 13, On the third day, I read the article "Integration of Design for Additive Manufacturing
2022 Constraints with Multimaterial Topology Optimization of Lattice Structures for
Time In: 8 am
Optimized Thermal and Mechanical Properties." Products with complicated
Time Out:
5pm geometry may be created using additive manufacturing (AM). Other intriguing study
Hour Spent: 8 subjects are lattice structures and their application to component design under
hours diverse loading circumstances. Such lattice structures have the potential to be
utilized in aeronautical parts that are subjected to mechanical and thermal stresses.
Certified
Correct by: Lattice structures are structuring whose attributes are generally specified by the unit
cell and its tessellation—few research optimized lattice systems' structural and
Engr. Edward thermal performance using preset lattice geometry.
Ang
Supervisor/
Trainer

Figure 4. Example of Two-Dimensional Representation of the Multi-material Unit

Cell

The significant enhancements are integrating thermal conductivity optimization and

design application for additive manufacturing restrictions. Product quality can be
improved by eliminating faults such as insufficient fusion of two materials at the
interface. The technology has been optimized to generate lattice structures that can
be produced using additive manufacturing methods. A prismatic density distribution
filter removes support structures necessary during the construction process. A
sequential linear programming (SLP) approach is used to solve the topology
optimization model.

Figure 5. Example of Flowchart for Topology Optimization Model

Their objective in their study is to design a multi-material lattice structure with a low
effective CTE and low effective thermal conductivity. A density-based topology
optimization approach is applied to obtain optimum stiffness and thermal
characteristics. In this situation, Young's modulus of structural steel is more
significant than Invar's CTE, and this differential in material characteristics is critical
for achieving a multiphase composite construction with high stiffness while
minimizing effective CTE. Thermal conductivity follows a similar logic.

This paper describes a method for creating multi-material lattice structures using a
density-based topology optimization model. The resulting lattice structure has high
mechanical stiffness, low overall CTE, and low thermal conductivity. For the terms to
be scale-independent must normalize the objective function. Gradients of
homogenized material properties are also difficult to compute in computational
needs. By changing the goal function to incorporate electrical and magnetic
properties. May build multi-material lattice structures with tailored electromagnetic
properties by changing the goal function to incorporate electrical and magnetic
properties.
 The financed project required the authors to examine low-cost multi-material
tooling composites for metal additive manufacturing. Other material property
combinations, such as high mechanical rigidity and poor heat conductivity ceramics,
were purposefully avoided.

Source:

Venugopal, V., McConaha, M., & Anand, S. (2021, September 23).

Integration of Design for Additive Manufacturing Constraints With

Multimaterial Topology Optimization of Lattice Structures for

Optimized Thermal and Mechanical Properties. Integration-of-Design-

for-Additive-Manufacturing.

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2376/manufacturingscience/article/144/4

/041003/1115886/Integration-of-Design-for-Additive-Manufacturing

Date: April 14, On the fourth day, I read the article "A.I. and the Future of Machine Design," which
2022 discusses the benefits of artificially intelligent (A.I.) systems and the future of
Time In: 8 am
machine design. When combined with other technologies such as cognitive
Time Out:
5pm computing, the Internet of Things, 3D printing, industrial automation, virtual or
Hour Spent: 8 augmented reality, and human-machine interfaces, A.I. advancements are changing
hours what, where, and how a model is designed, manufactured, assembled, distributed,
serviced, and upgraded. Many of the engineering's technical features. The human
Certified
Correct by: engineer's function may be that of a director rather than a producer in the future.
Many of the technical parts of engineering will be handled by the machine-based
Engr. Edward design system.
Ang

Supervisor/
Trainer
 Figure 6. Chassis of La Bandita Speedster

We should expect to see A.I. impacting product design and engineering processes in
three stages in the future generation. For instance, artificial intelligence will make
designers' hard work more accessible. Following that, A.I. will be able to aid in the
production of advanced designs, which intelligent manufacturing facilities. Also,
Enhanced A.I. in engineering systems will allow them to function more like human
assistants. The replicate Nature's evolutionary strategy would use the processing
capacity. The A.I. would investigate design alternatives beyond what is now
achievable using the traditional technique.

For example, The Airbus A320 airplane is one of the world's most high-profile and
costly goods. The 'bionic partition,' as Airbus and Autodesk refer to it, was
manufactured using additive manufacturing. Airbus engineers were searching for
solutions to minimize the weight and volume of the divider while maintaining
adequate strength to support the weights of flight attendants.

Generally, the three broad categories based on complexity may classify the A.I.
continuum. The assisted intelligence automates fundamental repetitive and
standardized tasks. Augmented intelligence improves people's capacity to complete
tasks, and computers and humans learn from one another. When a person fully
trusts the machine or becomes a liability to the timely completion of a task,
autonomous intelligence is called. Augmented Intelligence: A.I. improves humans'
capacity to do tasks, and people and robots learn from one another.
 Figure 7. Example of Bionic Partition

Many of the technical aspects of engineering will use the machine-based design
system. The human engineer's function may be that of a director rather than a
producer in the future. A.I. technology will boost engineering talents intellectually,
physically, and perceptually.

Source:

Noor, A. (2017, October 1). A.I. and the Future of the Machine Design. AI-

and-the-Future-of-the-Machine.

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2376/memagazineselect/article/139/10/3

8/380304/AI-and-the-Future-of-the-Machine

Date: April 15, On the last day of OJT, I read the article "How Engineers Are Thriving Today." The
2022 whole world is still adjusting to the sudden events worldwide, which as the covid-19
Time In: 8 am
pandemic. As the state of engineering for the 2020s continues to define itself,
Time Out:
5pm today's mechanical engineers may find themselves on the foreign ground. Today's
Hour Spent: 8 engineering profession is transforming. COVID-19 and climate change have both
hours
brought new emergent technologies to the fore. Engineers may find themselves on
Certified the foreign ground as engineering status in the 2020s evolves. Today's mechanical
Correct by: engineers will always be needed to design, assemble, and produce.

Engr. Edward
Ang
Supervisor/
Trainer

Figure 8. Graph of Occupational Group and Education level

 Figure 9. Growth Rate of Employed Adults in the U.S

According to associations, engineering degrees are slightly behind computer and

information sciences majors in expected beginning incomes. In 2020, there will be
299,200 mechanical engineers in the United States, ranking M.E.s seventh among
STEM occupations in terms of employment. According to the Census Bureau, 91.3
percent of all mechanical engineers in 2019 were men. With 74.4 percent, white
(non-Hispanic) is mechanical engineers' most prevalent race or ethnicity. Aircraft
manufacturing increased from 2.08 to 3.46 percent, while medical equipment design
increased from 1.17 to 2.21 percent.

Mechanical and manufacturing engineers may be found anywhere. According to the

United States, mechanical engineering is the top engineering career in today's
world. They work not just in research and design but also in human resources,
marketing, administration, education, and various other jobs. Also, according to an
Aerotek poll, mechanical engineers want open lines of contact with their
management. Many employees believe that their supervisors are unconcerned
about their career or direction. The poll identified five elements that could enhance
mechanical engineers' present working circumstances. The first are supervisors who
are concerned about the careers of the engineers who report to them. The second is
for businesses to provide possibilities for growth and progress. That was followed by
clear communication regarding performance and expectations. Finally, engineers
want to know about the firm and how it affects their employment.

Mechanical engineers will adapt and learn new abilities as engineering evolves. New
technological talents are also emerging to mirror our digital environment.
Mechanical engineers should be conversant with analytical software such as
MATLAB and Nastran and CAD design tools like Solid works, database management
software such as Microsoft Access, and configuration management software such as
Perforce Helix.

Mechanical engineers have a bright future ahead of them, and they continue to
prosper in an ever-changing sector. Mechanical engineers and manufacturing
engineers are beginning to be known in other countries.

After I read the article, as a manufacturing student, I feel that my choice of the
company work is limited since manufacturing engineering is somewhat now known
in the other country, unlike the other kind of engineering. However, I am still not
getting lost hope to find a better job, but I'm aiming for some companies in South
Korea or Japan.

Source:

González, C. (2022, January 10). How Engineers Are Thriving Today. How-

Engineers-Are-Thriving-TodayMechanical.

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2375/memagazineselect/article/144/1/28

/1135456/How-Engineers-Are-Thriving-TodayMechanical