1) Shour thak Mo, the set ef A 2x2 new eae ol! maty ie wmoatytces ovty R us a sundey us eee “Ts ct abeltaw? Let A= ] aud B= [e | c, ay ) Closure propey ty her A [e a aud Be [2 x] Ema a, bo a2 be] _| a Aatbyc2 A lo + b> Gy eared le a] C) An tAjcn Cy ba + ay ola & ve Ll Mz & clesuvt Gi) Assoctbevc propesty + ALBLC e Me (ABYC = ACBO) seuce motvt amlteplecokton & a\usays assoctokevt Ma & assoctottrt Wi) Thewy het ou ‘al C Hy aud ACM, then Bcf AT =-IA-A“Tes the cdeutay element of Mo QW) Lnveyst 3 tc A=\lab th iE a) eM a Asi adPaA fa abe | ral EMa . IAL [-coo "AT & Cuveyse A Aw M2 Ke ~ Ma BO For wader usuol mokyex : multiplitatron : 7) Cemmutattyt . 9 ABE M2 AB #BA since MoeYIX waulteplecat ron & yen commutateve 2 Mo & Mot abletrouw Groep 2) Shovs Hhnak the wrtor 2 cates + ei bad only ee peat oe Lye othty Proof: ane Tecate es covdatved fA Ho 0% te & contatred CAH wheye 1! and He arte the a of Gh: .Th ACM duew HON = Ha whith & a subgroup of & Ho2CH, wen Ho Sulogvoup of, Gi oA, OH. Ba suloqroup af A Necessary otk OH, Hy which &S % Assume H,OH2 & Oo qxoup of Gu Te prot that HcHr et He C H, “By conbradettn ey HA, & Woe Hog Hi: kel dneve exestace Hr, age thea entst bE H2, bE) Nour ob & Hy OH Sence Hola & O sulogvoup and Fa, bE HUH > axbe Wore Ax beH, et A* beter Coma) Tf ox bet, & WE Hy caxb) xa! EH) Chea) eorre ty b fox ae H, be e EH, bet whe & a conrvadeltsn ta ou assumption Ce) beh) :Case) Th axbets & beta bo! ax bd* b' © tb a¥ Che BD eH: ax © CH Qe Ha heh ws contvadetru te euy awsumptten te QeH2 A 8s contatued fw Hz or He oS coma tued Ww H, : 3 State and rove Lagvauge's treortem! Thestewa-it MG “4 a aceHeb hen WH az=Heb (ProeE Cons ther acy eb Pest muittply by 6” atb'ens br b'! ax bi eta by b) ar bDIEH Ke arb'et we -rvour thak , ach SHAH ax pleNe Kuow that , v acH S Hea=H ax bien Sp xcaxb' =H (pest al "f b Hy Caxb!) * bs Hrb Hxa Cb *b)= Heb Heranre=Heb Hea =H* b Jhesttew -2: Any &we sight (or left ) covets ¢ HAG ae ether destarct ant edewkita - Roe - let Hxa and Heb de tue noi cot Hea Go het a, beG Te prew CHxa) NCHA 6-4 Camply set) dycw Hxa = 1 +b atdewttly) Th (Mead 9 C Heb) Fd Mew thee exit e(tha) n CH xb) xe CHxa)% © ECH* b)= S theovewr ‘) coustdey Ye Crea) Hex = Heo [by previdu O Cou sedey ® SCH b> "© Ta, theovem 1] ¢ Fen O¢ @ HY O = Heb He xa Heb —s haga, es theovem: The exdey cutte ayow se es hel youn: coup “9 ei Prop ; : Sence Gi uy dénite Ret & be G=Pa,a.,. - any CO OG) aa, Lee H be a eter up of 6 whith iuplees 4 alse a Lule serge hee tk be OCH) =mCoustdey the eft coset of Rand G ane ee ork fae /neny anxtH =faneh /heHy We Ukuour thot any two bebe cogets Ae Aetmct or Che vbtol - Cay#HD =CareHd = > = CaneH) Then ve say that order of- each coset CS equal te the eder of H Then OCaye HH) = OCH) * OC o.*H = -20(CQn*H) aethrearhp, C#S whch uve 7 co a, Wek there be Aostwrck coh fh a . a4 the uuton of K destinct costs ts equal Ge Coe H) OC ¥* HU 7 OU CORK *H) OCG) = OC aye HD+ OCOs¥ H)* OC ask H+ +OCax+H) OCG) = MEW M 4 => AC REEMES) N= Km R= M7 K = OCG) /0CH)4) Th S=NXN O get wrdeved pary exckeve edger wt operon + dsp ved cn. cody =Cod +c) lod) of fr (SOC 1) flies mone OYb)= f, prove thot f fs Sematgvoup i moras - Te prove thot ¥ & @. ReuAtepralap (@) Closure Propev het Cab), CUddES Ca, ¥ Ccd)=( adkebe, bd eS Closure & sal BL wundey « ®) Assoceattve property het Cab) Cod) , EY) ES Ls= cabs (AD # ey] = Ca, bx cey +d dy) = Cady + beytbde bdy) RHS wd : “Lea bye cedd] « Cay) = Qd+ be, bd) + Cxy) = @dy + bey baa, bdy) LHS = RHS Assoctolert Us sokespied under & ie AS 0 gew froupaf eben TO homomorphism fk: C8, CQ- Let Cab) Lecce dd eS hLcab)* Codd) = fTadibe, bay foots bd > ade 4 be_ ba Cb = oy + Ch = fla, by + fce) “ f[coyb) * Ce, Ad = flor +$(e/4) f Bs a sewrtqroup roumomorphts 5) Determeve winethey Hie {© 5/1oy % Hafousiey aste auulog soups of Ls ' + module es Soln : (Glyaal>) +S Oo) 5 10 : ° 5 10 7 5 10 ° 1010 es 7Hi cS closed trnder 415 Ey Ge on ede of Lie (Ha, +15) HS” oO y g 12 ° ° 4 3 fc 4 4 & | g zg 42 \ 5 12 2 \ 5 a Ho & rnvot closed «under His wince there ¢s Seme entrees ca the addeben dokte fer Ho Ce not the element of Ha He & rok a eer of Lis X Module (Hy) mis Oo 5 10 Oo oO ° Oo 5 Oo 10 5 10 So 5 10 Hy & chow Waders te ©. Hats & subgroup cundev #15“ts © uy % 2 2 ° O-=4072+0 4 ° \ pees g ° Fi oS S Seared Ia He & vot cloed ander «15 sce thet f& seme ewtytes cw the multyplitodton table pes Ho ce) not the elemenk of Ho: ope ts net a suloqoup of Lis (9) Stoke and provt — “ dheerewr ef oer hememertp CSW ° : Stake met | TR Ew 5G’ ts om ewke hewmewmorplcs ve Yyoup with Kernal k thew Ov % G! C2) C&R es esomoxplcc to Gi!) 6% evey howmemorphic cmage of a group &s fewerphic te seme qui Lent! qual of Gi:Proof : het be ewle Yromowaxphtim- Let Gr be the emage of youp a d het i be the wKernel of thes homeworpltsm ee K= Revf = xeGr/ _ att (x)=e ba dak tak + CY. 2 Gy! i b J het bE G/ > G' be the funckion Axfmred boy PCKHA =F) for ac G Te provt tnok + ¢ és wi defined het A, bEG If Keay Ke bE r/R Ccowstdey pK A=KAb | Post wulbeply by b! Kyaw bl ok eBe b! Kear bi = Kee Ke Ab! = K Cax BDEK flax eee bCaya £Cb")= e! koa alfp@y'= a Pest wmutttply b ,) Load ALE Coys 4 Ce) eta (e)f Cd oe =f Cb) FC = §Cb) 4CK*AS =~ 4 CK eb) “Ges wM delered To prove Lok ob sevncr plete CeXW qd we ry wt g@ ts homemorphisa Lay > ts eto TS pret thok d es v1 Ce) to prove hoe, EL > Cr*a) - oCK# 6) Aen Kea) =CK* bY Cowetder o CK#OD = & CK*b) fod = £0) amalttply ley Ce) : bear seecey ~ Eee SL §CU h Caxb =e or 6b EK Kx ax ble i Cae rh Oe "] post walkepy by & Kx + pr*b = -kebKe A Keo kab KYA» Re b ee hes 4 ay te prevt that d cs onlo hel vy be any elemenk of a! stuce f 2 G>G! & owe * VY YER Taca Vuch thal Fla “Y Aefeackovt ¢ CKwa d=fCa) bCK¥* A= “Gg & endo stuce Cal Ke OE Git Te pyreve ¢ es Hememeph’sm WERT, he. A, > Gs! qf CK¥A® Keb) = > CK* Cord) < h Cox b) / = pls A f(b). = Gg CK¥a) &GCK*D) - 8S Womemorphism 7 From G) 701 ,wiy ¢ Cs b&emorphtsm Gh BA’ aT) prom thak the necegsas d * condctven for & ane ev ply aan a grou (G7) te be O Buibg «dupe & ae ay bie Proof 5 Necessavy paxk ket H be aw Subgroup ef Gr amd abet Te prevt: ax ble H sCuce Ht A Subgroup Tf veer pen ax bIECH ; Suf prevent post: : Assume Qe, ben S O¥ bt EH Te pret : HOG O Tp bea khe ace cowlttton FNtS axatedH e eH Gy uascng the qae cond chen e,acH eya'€xH a'EH ; Jer the gtvew condtiten, coustdex a, b'EH ert av Cb) ‘EW ax bEH -Jyem Gy, ay -Gi) we can iar tMok H eg a Suibg vou of GW under wks trokton ®) het EL, @Le) CHA) pe roe Wewmeworpltina twew Svour Enat kexchy es & noumoh Sulogroup () oo} het i (GO A) be a howmomorpin WM. bet K=KexCh) = j + oe . lo preve kuok K a wer - , Ze & bg roc G cee) te preve reel fac, eee te wee © Keepy: f 7 *) ae Nee . “fon =) = fCdA FWA ee ie i Ae nee [e+ her > few =e!) Ca) AclA fe foo A toa") ; b(axa!>- flee e ea (ax wea) ae auhse ae kex(b)= coup ord oto, be D ECG, ¥>d es @ abelitoru t i Shour thak (ae bY =a%« bn, per every wlukeger sh yor every Gekege seuce Cq «DS alse fon t ax b= bka © "56 prove Ehak cax b= a ¥ Bt by unw 7 ¢ duckton metive qd the amokhewoditoh tus 5 tc ci) Whew Wel tA) v (ax by =o! *b! aeb+arl 3 Tt & tue fet wat when nsrz @Q) cas b)* =Caxb) Cow bd ~ aeC(bxayeb = ake Carb)* b = Coax a) * Cbo* b) = ot xb “TH+ oS due eo We ume Xe ea Mt ES XU $s" w= diy Ass = a* « bk > @) Cax by* Te prove Khe seve JS tvs Coxe" ‘ (ox) * ¥ (ax b)! fer n> Aes!= Caks pe) Carb) = CakaCpovradrebh = (AN ¥Q) v Che b) Ge by. Akt ec yKn .. The cere sue ues true bot U- RY Cae by = at 10) Prove Ehat Wa gyro Ga the eq uoktens axes b and yxa Yh havt undue solutteve tne wwknowns Bondy Ow eeorteb, y bea! when wb EG ; het G be ow Goer thew for ony elemevs AbeG axat=a'traze beh. biab=-e cous Coley, : Or x=b Ae gee bh Ot x = Cart) +h O~en = AK Cat¥b) ZO ye bl by Leb “ comcedlaction lows } C5 the Solubten \- Te prevt Anok f& & untqe Suppese % aud, ore Hue SoluttOAS BH er)whch emplees aAX¥x,=-b& arte Om wx, =artxr 2 =a T by left cancellaktor tous] 2. The solubteus ance wrcgue pntions use prove the solutton of eq yraqb oy = bxat! : nh) Stoke and prewt coutey Deen Evex atte QNo eden 6 Bsewmrorprec ug jbewaolin § of degree we > Pend a pexmuskodive gek SG’ - Go Te prot dak G's & qrorr ; Tsewotpnic pewter Or onc G a Te PT oe be aw pentte TOF ceee het oem . Deb ene fo-- ara ky fo oe Te provt bo es wh deb ened coms they aay ox: ez oY) “of onl clef ted WwTd Bes Pa fo 1-1 Coustder fated> fay) a fa es ad Te prot fo & ewke Th yea Ceodewmaty, tre paceyyood +d ey peorwpe4 > yey Fa precmoage ef iMe jew oy - fo ea" C pension Seace Gi hos mw element: fa en wv syrbols het a's} fa [oe To prevt i) Gi ts & gop N) cleavtt Constder tore ea ba © fC) « fa(bs) ie op) wes qua pewmutatigbao bot® = fo b® baobe = fare! ai Assoctoktve cows Chev fo i kb , be EG LHS = to ° Choke €x) 7 ba Clcx) = abcx RHS “(bo okey) io fet=) = (fas cx = aber LHS = RHS Gi es ansoctohivt iy Tolewk ity ie foee' Fle eG fo. Me (= faCexs) = aext ~ Ar Fa Ofer ~ fata) “fe esthe tdewkity element of GiOY Euvense ket faeG Thagtea' ba for Ged = faCocte’ = adr Fex ba ofar'Cx) - he C2 fo'eG Us tme Cavexse of hoe! Gi &S&Sa or Wid Te pret G ond GI ore a Let ge aoc! ¢s def sre by Pod ba cowstdey a= b ax= bx fold =f, te i Cbd ~. OCAD = ae oe cS wll depened Te pvevt a) cs \-\ une d cad= 90%) ba = te boc = (LOax = bx ar vs gc i-t TO pyeve Lhok > & onte. het Yea’ such kW fale) = y \-s@ fa@d=-ax PYEat axceG The Pees ef 4 Ce) akeH Coed pe Te pow thot vs howe Morplatsm o nes G' bet a,bEG wach Ehok plod= fo cows ther qd Cab)- foe be gcab) = g(a) o $C) gh es pememertpWisw order W C8 - Every foucte 9 Hee +P in oe eee. 18 pers fear’ w-