Object Oriented Programming

Lab Objectives
The objectives of this lab are to demonstrate.

1. For loop & practice.

2. Nested loop & practice.

3. Break & While loop practice.

For Loop
When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use the for loop
instead of a while loop:

Syntax:

for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3)

{
// code block to be executed
}
Statement 1: is executed (one time) before the execution of the code block.

Statement 2: defines the condition for executing the code block.

Statement 3: is executed (every time) after the code block has been executed.

Syntax:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
C++ statement(s);
}

The example below will print the numbers 0 to 4:

Example

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

{
cout << i << "\n";
}
 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
for(int i=1; i>=1; i++)
{
cout<<"Value of variable i is: "<<i<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

Nested Loop
A loop within another loop is called a nested loop. Let's take an example, suppose we want to loop
through each day of a week for 3 weeks. To achieve this, we can create a loop to iterate three times (3
weeks). And inside the loop, we can create another loop to iterate 7 times (7 days). This is how we
can use nested loops.

// C++ program to display 7 days of 3 weeks

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int weeks = 3, days_in_week = 7;

for (int i = 1; i <= weeks; ++i)

{
cout << "Week: " << i << endl;

for (int j = 1; j <= days_in_week; ++j)

{
cout << " Day:" << j << endl;
}
}

return 0;
}
/ /C++ program to display a pattern
// with 5 rows and 3 columns
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{

int rows = 5;
int columns = 3;

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; ++i)

{
for (int j = 1; j <= columns; ++j)
{
cout << "* “;
}
cout << endl;
}

return 0;
}

Break
You have already seen the break statement used in an earlier chapter of this tutorial. It was
used to "jump out" of a switch statement. The break statement can also be used to jump out of
a loop. This example jumps out of the loop when i is equal to 4:

Example
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 4) {
break;
}
cout << i << "\n";
}

Continue
The continue statement breaks one iteration (in the loop), if a specified condition occurs, and
continues with the next iteration in the loop.

This example skips the value of 4:

Example
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 4) {
continue;
 }
cout << i << "\n";
}
While Loop
The while loop loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition is true:

Syntax
while (condition) {
// code block to be executed
}
In the example below, the code in the loop will run, over and over again, as long as a variable
(i) is less than 5:

Example
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
cout << i << "\n";
i++;
}

The Do/While Loop

The do/while loop is a variant of the while loop. This loop will execute the code block once,
before checking if the condition is true, then it will repeat the loop as long as the condition is
true.

Syntax
do {
// code block to be executed
}
while (condition);
The example below uses a do/while loop. The loop will always be executed at least once,
even if the condition is false, because the code block is executed before the condition is
tested:

Example
int i = 0;
do {
cout << i << "\n";
i++;
}
while (i < 5);