Lear UNE Online Maths Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Chapter - Maths JEE Main Pan anentra ree mererenee ae Concepts of Maths Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations for JEE Main Maths is a fascinating and essential topic in mathematics. Every year, at least 1 to 3 problems from this chapter appear in IIT JEE and other exams. The concept of this chapter will be used in many other chapters, such as functions and coordinate geometry Begin by grasping fundamental ideas such as the definition of a complex number, integral powers of iota, and various representations of a complex number. Then go on to complex number algebra. The Argand plane, modulus, and argument of a complex number, as well as the triangle, are all fundamental concepts. Go over the concepts of solved problems again, and then do the same with the quadratic equation. Refer to the complex numbers and quadratic equations Class 11 solutions provided by Vedantu and download the complex numbers and quadratic equations Class 11 PDF to prepare for the exams JEE Main Maths Chapters 2024Lear UNE Online JEE Main Maths Chapters Sets, Relations and Functions 9 Complex Numbers and Integral Calculus 2 Differential Equati Quadratic Equations eee en auanonS: 3 Matrices and Determinants Co-ordinate Geometry 4 | Boman ane Three Dimensional Geometry Combinations Mathematical Induction Vector Algebra Binomial Theorem Statistics and Probability Sequence and Series Trigonometry Limit, Continuity and Ditferentiabilty Mathematical Reasoning Important Topics of Maths Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations ChapterLear UNE Online * Algebra of complex numbers * Properties of complex numbers. * Modulus and conjugate of a complex numbers * Argument of complex number * Polar form of complex numbers * Euler's Formula and De Moiver’s Theorem + Geometry of Complex Numbers * Cube root of unity * Vector representation and rotation of complex numbers * Nature of roots (in quadratic equations), the relation of coefficient and roots * Transformation of quadratic equations and condition of common roots * The discriminant of quadratic equations Maths Complex Number and Quadratic Equation Important Concepts for JEE Main Complex Number A complex number is one that can be written as p + ig, where p and q are real values and i represents a solution to the x°-1 equation vi = —-lor,i?=-1 Some of the examples of complex numbers are: 8 - 2i, 2 +31i, etc, and the Complex numbers are denoted by ‘z' The general form of the complex number is Z=p+ig Here,Lear UNE Online * pis known as the real part and is denoted by Re z * qis known as the imaginary part and it is denoted by Im z * fz = 12 + 35i, then the value Re z = 12 and Im z= 35. Ifz, and z, are two complex numbers such that z, =p +iqandz, =r+is ,z, and z, are equal if p=rand q=s Algebra of Complex Numbers Addition of Complex Numbers * (a: + ibs) + (as + ibs) = (a: + a2) + i(b: + ba) Subtraction of Complex Numbers * (ai + ib) - (ae + ibe) = (ar - ae) + i(bs - be) Product of Complex Numbers. * (a: + ibs) (a2 + ibs) = (@xa2 - bibs) + i(aib: + b:a2) Division of Complex Numbers * (a: + ib:)(@ + ibe) = (a: + ibs) (a2 + ib2)(@: + ibe) (a2 - ibz) = a: a2 + Dib2a:2 + D:2 tia:b: + aibras2 + D2 Equality of Complex Numbers * (@: + ibs) = (a2 + ibs), then a: = a2 and b: = bz Powers of lota (i) Earlier we have discussed that the negative root of unity is called iota. That is i= I v-l y-l Properties of iota.Lear NEOnlne P=ixi= - =-1 “ssixixis Vo1x Ix YoT=-1x VaT=-txis4i i#=ixixixi= x fA x VAT x YAT= A) x (1) 21 It means, i" =i for somen nandk then i* i" =i" for some n and k then i" =i i" =i"? for some n and k then i" = -1 it =i#**8 for some n and k then i" = -i Conjugate of a Complex Number The conjugate of a complex number is also a complex number in the opposite imaginary direction on the argand plane. Consider the complex number z = a + ib. Its complex conjugate can be defined as z = a - ib. Arithmetically, we can get the complex conjugate of any complex number by just changing the sign of iota. For example, consider the complex number z = 12 + i5. It complex conjugate will by z = 12 - i5. Modulus of a Complex Number Consider the complex number z = x + iy. The modulus (absolute values) of z is thus defined as the positive square root of the sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts, indicated by diekl=~e+ryeLear UNE Online It represents the distance of z from the origin in the set of complex number c, where the order relation is not defined ie. Z, > Z; or Z, [Z:1 or [z,|<|z:| has got its meaning since |z,| and |z,| are the real numbers. Argand Plane Any complex number z = x + iy can be represented geometrically by a point (x, y) in a plane. called the argand plane or gaussian plane. A purely number x, i.e. (x + 0i) is represented by the point (x, 0) on the x-axis. Therefore, the x-axis is called the real axis. A purely imaginary number iy i.e. (0 + iy) is represented by the point (0, y) on the y-axis. Therefore, the y-axis is known as the imaginary axis Argument of a Complex Number The angle made by a line joining point z to the origin, with the positive direction of the x-axis in an anti-clockwise sense is called the argument or amplitude of a complex number. It is denoted by the symbol arg(z) or amp(z). arg(z) = @ = tan? (2) y Image: Argument of complex number The argument of z is not unique, and its general value of the argument of z is 2nmt + @, but arg(0) is not defined. The unique value of @ such that -1 < @ < Tis called the principal value of the amplitude or principal argument Principal Value of Argument * ifx > O and y > 0, then arg(z) = 8. * ifx 0, then arg(z) = m—- 8. * ifx O and y <0, then arg(z) = -6. Polar Form of a Complex NumberLear UNE Online If z =x + iy is a complex number, then z = |z| (cos6 + i sin8), where 6 = arg(z). This is called polar form. If the general value of the argument is 8, then the polar form of z is z = |z| cos(2nm + 8) + isin(2nm + 8), where n is an integer. Cube Root of Unity In mathematics, the cube roots of unity are the solutions to the equation w® = 1. These roots are denoted as 1, w, and w® = 1, where: * 1 is the principal cube root of unity, which is simply 4 ‘ 14+ V3t w is one of the cube roots of unity, and it is equal to where i is the imaginary unit. -1 i w” is the other cube root of unity, and it is equal to a Complex Number Geometry 1. Section formula: The complex number of a paint P, which divides the line between points A(z:) and B(z2) into two parts with the ratio of m to n, is: + mz tne m+n Midpoint Formula: . atzA M=32— 2 Centroid Formula: * Centroid — 2122+Lear UNE Online 2. Equation of Straight Lines: The equation of a straight line that passes through two points, z: and zz, is S\lefiiz & {ZY &1NZ18@Z 178122 8{z 2y &1 Vight|=0 The general equation of a straight line is given as: az + az' +b =0, b is usually areal number. 3. Equation of Circles: The equation of a circle with its center at the origin and a radius of ‘a’ is: |z| =a The equation of a circle with its center at z: and a radius of'a' is-|z - zo] =a The general equation of a circle is given as: zz' + az'+ dz +b=0 Here, 'b’ is a purely real number. The center of this circle can be found using the formula: -a, and its radius is ./(aa’ — 6. What Is a Quadratic Equation? ‘A quadratic equation is a second-degree equation. The general form of the quadratic equation is ax’+bx+c = 0, where a, b, c are real numbers and a #0. For example, x°+2x+1 = 0 An algebraic expression with several terms is called a polynomial. A polynomial of degree two of the form ax?+bx+c (a#0) is called a quadratic expression in x. When a quadratic polynomial f(x) is equated to zero, we can term it a quadratic equation Solution of Quadratic Equation The quadratic equation ax? + bx + c = 0 with real coefficients has two roots given by =b+vD b= vD , where D = b? - 4ac, called the discriminant of the equation. 2a 2a The value of ‘D’ in the equation will tell us what kind of solutions the equation has. Let's break it down: Case 1: When 90,Lear UNE Online a +br+e= The equation will have two distinct real roots, which can be found using this formula: 2 + Vb? — 4ac 2a Case 2: When D=( The equation ax? + br + c = 0 will have two equal real roots, and you can find them using this formula: =) 2a Case 3: When D <0, The equation ax? + be + ¢ = 0 will have no real roots and instead will have imaginary roots Case 4: When D is the square of a rational number, The equation az? + bar + ¢ = 0 will have rational roots. Case §: When D is not the square of a rational number, The equation ax? + be + ¢ = 0 will have non-rational (irrational) roots in conjugate pairs Nature of Roots of Simultaneous Quadratic Equations: If (D: + D2 = 0), at least one of the equations has real roots. If (D: + Dz < 0), at least one of the equations has non-real roots. If (D: » D2 > 0), both equations have real and distinct roots or both have non-real roots. If (D: - Dz < 0), one equation has real and distinct roots while the other has non-real roots. If (D: - D2 = 0), one equation has equal roots, and the other can have both real or non-real roots. 2? Sian of Roots:Lear UNE Online : a +br+c=0 If both roots of a quadratic equation are positive, ‘a’ and 'c’ have the same sign * If both roots are negative, ‘a,"'b,' and 'c’ have the same sign. * lf one root is positive while the ather is negative, ‘a’ and 'c' have different signs. + If the roots have equal magnitude but opposite signs, then b = 0. * If the roots are reciprocals of each other (one is 1/a and the other is 1/8), then a =c. * If'c’ is 0, one root must be 0. * If'x' is replaced by "1/x’, the new roots are 1/a and 1/B. . If'x'is replaced by x? , the new roots are a, -a, B, and -B. Note: Transformation of Quadratic Equations and Condition of Common Roots: This concept refers to changing or manipulating quadratic equations to determine if they share common roots. It involves altering the equations and observing how their coefficients relate to discover if they have the same solutions. The Discriminant of Quadratic Equations: The discriminant is a value derived from the coefficients of a quadratic equation. It's used to determine the nature of the equation’s roots. Specifically, it helps us understand whether the roots are real or complex, distinct or equal, based on its positive or negative value. Note: (i) When D = 0, roots are real and equal. When D = 0 roots are real and unequal. Further, if a,b, c € Q and D is a perfect square, then the roots of the quadratic equation are real and unequal and if a, b, c € Q and D is not a perfect square, then the roots are irrational and occur in pairs. When D < 0, the roots of the equation are non-real (or complex). (ii) Let a, B be the roots of quadratic equation ax? + bx + c = 0, then the sum of roots a + B = ind the product of roots aB = © aLear NEOnlne List of Important Formulas for Maths Complex Number and Quadratic Equations Chapter SI.no Topic Formulae 7 Z,4Z, = (a+bi)+(c+di) 1 Addition of complex number <@ietaay 2 | Subtraction of complex number 2% eal ‘a+bi)(c+di) 3 Multiplication of complex number c-bbd fad +be3i A _ ati 2 e+ ct+di ac + bd 4 Division ete be — da i OLE Solution of Quadratic Equation b+ (dao Pi 5. where 2 b’ dac <0 2a Fun facts Complex numbers are actually an addition to the real number system N The addition of complex numbers makes a significant difference in mathematics Pe Complex numbers help in the solution of quadratic equations with the help of the Quadratic formula & When solving any quadratic equations, each complex result will always have his conjugate companion with him— which are known as complex conjugates. oa Despite the fact that complex numbers have an imaginary part, there are actually a number of real-life applications of these "imaginary" numbers, such as wavering springs and voltaic electronics 2 Imaginary numbers are used by the engineers to explain electric current and its intensityLear UNE Online In the real world JEE Main Maths - Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Study Materials Here, you'll find a comprehensive collection of study resources for Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations designed to help you excel in your JEE Main preparation. These materials cover various topics, providing you with a range of valuable content to support your studies. Simply click on the links below to access the study materials of Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations and enhance your preparation for this challenging exam. JEE pe ae ee Recolor ei mis by JEE Main Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Notes JEE Main Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Important Questions JEE Main Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations Practice Paper JEE Main Maths Study and Practice Materials Explore an array of resources in the JEE Main Maths Study and Practice Materials section. Our practice materials offer a wide variety of questions, comprehensive solutions, and a realistic test experience to elevate your preparation for the JEE Main exam. These tools are indispensable for self-assessment, boosting confidence, and refining problem-solving abilities, guaranteeing your readiness for the test. Explore the links below to enrich your Maths preparation.Lear UNE Online Be ede eee ly JEE Main Maths Previous Year Question Papers JEE Main Maths Mock Test JEE Main Maths Formula JEE Main Sample Paper JEE Main Maths Difference Between JEE Main Maths Syllabus 2024 JEE Main Reference Books Conclusion In this article, we have elaborated on concepts and solutions of Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations for your JEE Main preparation. Students will explore complex numbers, how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide them. Plus, clear breakdown of quadratic equations, covering their solutions and roots. Everything you're looking for is available in a single location. Students can carefully read through the concepts, definitions and questions in the PDFs, which are also free to download and understand the concepts used to solve these questions. This will be extremely beneficial to the students in their exams. Last updated date: 07th Nov 2023 + Total views: 15k + Views today: 1.15kVedaniti, Lear NEOnlne Courses (Class 3 - 12) aaé avi NEET Crash NEET JEE/NEET CBSE ICSE Foundation Olympiad LIVE Masterclass E Physics Mathematics Light - Reflection vs Refraction for NTSE Quadratic Equations | Simplified for you! By Aaib Zargar By Sahil BhatiaVedaniti, Lear NEOnlne Bley es fore co Telnet ROR eee Ree ocd ee OM eee a elu Ree Cel ce Book your Free Demo session Get a flavour of LIVE classes here at Vedantu Ere eR Ne ey Vedantu Improvement Promise We promise improvement in marks or get your fees back. T&C Apply"