Pergunta 1. What are the areas rich in monazite sands?

Find recent information, such as

scientific discoveries related to monazite sand in Guarapari Brazil with geographical
coordinates.

Summary

Top 10 papers analyzed

These studies suggest that areas rich in monazite sands include Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Rio
de Janeiro, and Bahia in Brazil, with Guarapari beaches containing 25%-30% monazite and
radiation levels between 0.05 and 0.2 mR/hr.

Resposta 1: Sand samples collected on the beaches of the “radioactive” Brazilian town of
Guarapari were first separated by flotation in bromoform and successively divided into various
magnetic fractions with a Franz isodynamic separator. Concentrations of background
radionuclides in samples of monazite, ilmenite, and zircon were determined by a γ-ray
spectrometer. Chemical composition of monazite, ilmenite, and magnetite were assessed by
means of an electron microprobe. Monazite resulted to be relatively rich in ThO2 whose
abundance ranged from 5.3 to 7.7 (wt%).

Methods

Chemical analysis and separation study

Outcomes

Concentrations of background radionuclides in monazite, ilmenite, and zircon, Chemical

composition of monazite, ilmenite, and magnetite.

Journal

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Pergunta 1. What are the areas rich in monazite sands? Find recent
information, such as scientific discoveries related to monazite sand in Guarapari
Brazil with geographical coordinates.
Summary

Top 10 papers analyzed

These studies suggest that areas rich in monazite sands

include Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and
Bahia in Brazil, with Guarapari beaches containing 25%-
30% monazite and radiation levels between 0.05 and 0.2
mR/hr.
Resposta 1: Sand samples collected on the beaches of the
“radioactive” Brazilian town of Guarapari were first separated
by flotation in bromoform and successively divided into various
magnetic fractions with a Franz isodynamic separator.
Concentrations of background radionuclides in samples of
monazite, ilmenite, and zircon were determined by a γ-ray
spectrometer. Chemical composition of monazite, ilmenite, and
magnetite were assessed by means of an electron microprobe.
Monazite resulted to be relatively rich in ThO2 whose
abundance ranged from 5.3 to 7.7 (wt%).

Methods
Chemical analysis and separation study
Outcomes
Concentrations of background radionuclides in monazite,
ilmenite, and zircon, Chemical composition of monazite,
ilmenite, and magnetite.
Journal
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Pergunta em Português: Quais são as áreas ricas em areias monazíticas?

Encontre informações recentes, como descobertas científicas ou notícias,
relacionadas à areia monazítica em Guarapari com coordenadas geográficas.

Resposta 1:
Key Takeaway: The city of Guarapari, Brazil, has the
lowest number of malignant breast cancer cases per
capita, suggesting radiation hormesis.
Abstract

The city of Guarapari, located in the state of Espirito Santo Brazil, has a beach
called "black sand beach", whose characteristic is to present monazite sand
composed with Thorium phosphate. Radiation levels at the beach are 8 up to
15 microSivert/h. An analysis of the official data from the National Health
System of Brazil over the cities of the State of Espirito Santo between the
periods 2008 to 2013 indicates that the city of Guarapari it shows the lowest
number of cases of malignant breast cancer per capita in the state. This
statistical reality, originating from official data reinforces the hypothesis of
radiation hormesis.
 Methods
Statistical analysis of official health data

Outcomes
Number of malignant breast cancer cases per capita

Resposta 2:

Óxidos de ferro e monazita de areias de

praias do Espírito Santo
Key Takeaway: Beach sands from Guarapari and Iriri
beaches in Espirito Santo, Brazil, contain rare earth
and thorium, with magnetic fractions containing
stoichiometric hematite and magnetite.
Abstract

Sand samples collected from two sampling sites on Guarapari and Iriri
beaches, state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, were studied in an attempt to better
describe their chemical and mineralogical compositions and radioactive
behaviors. The sands were found to contain about 6 (Guarapari) and 2 dag kg-
1 (Iriri) of rare earth and thorium that, if allocated to the monazite-(Ce)
structure, lead to the averaged formulae
Ce3+0,494Gd3+0,012La3+0,209Nd3+0,177Pr3+0,040Sm3+0,024Th4+0,033
(PO4) and Ce3+0,474La3+0,227Nd3+0,190Pr3+0,044Sm3+0,032Th4+0,024
(PO4). From Mossbauer spectroscopy data, the magnetic fractions of these
sands were found to contain stoichiometric hematite (47.4 dag kg-1, from
Guarapari, and 25.1 dag kg-1, from Iriri) and magnetite (44.1 and 58.8 dag kg-
1). The specific a and b radiation activities were also measured for both
samples.

Population
Sand samples from Guarapari and Iriri beaches, Brazil.

Sample size
n/a

Methods
Chemical and mineralogical analysis of sand samples

Outcomes
Chemical and mineralogical compositions of sand samples, radioactive
behaviors, specific alpha and beta radiation activities.

Resposta 3:

Association of radioactivity of the

monazite sands of the beaches of the
Guarapari city with the presence of
parasites of zoonotic potential

Key Takeaway: Higher radioactivity in monazite sands

on Guarapari beaches is associated with a decrease in
the presence of zoonotic potential parasites.
Abstract

The city of Guarapari, known as “Healthy City”, has as its main tourist attraction
radioactive sands known as monazite sands. There are many studies aimed at
quantifying radiation, but little is known about an influence of radiation levels on the
life cycle of parasites with zoonotic potential, since many owners take their animals to
beaches facilitating a maintenance of their cycle. The objective of the present work was
to evaluate the association of the sand radiation of the beaches of the municipality of
Guarapari and the presence of eggs and larvae of zoonotic potential parasites. To
determine the influence of the radiation on the parasites, sand and faeces samples were
collected from the beaches of Praia do Morro, Areia Preta, Castanheiras, Setiba and
Santa Mônica, and how to analyze, use the simple centrifugal-flotation technique. The
beaches of the present study were classified as low, medium and high radioactivity
according to the dose limits that a human being can receive. The samples of sand and
faeces were grouped according to a classification of the beaches where they were
collected as samples. After obtaining the result, a Chi-square statistical test was
performed at a significance level of 95% to evaluate an association between radiation
classes and parasite presence. In general, monazitic sands have an influence on the
maintenance of the cycle of zoonotic parasites found in beach sand, their correlation
being inversely proportional.

Methods
Environmental and parasitological field study

Outcomes
Influence of sand radiation on the presence of zoonotic parasite eggs and larvae.

Journal: Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Pergunta 3: Find all recent information, such as scientific discoveries or news, related to
lobo-guará, a species in danger of extinction in Brazil. And whatever you find, provide
me with geographic coordinates.

Resposta 1:

BUGIO-RUIVO (PRIMATES,
ATELIDAE) EM CAMPOS DE
ALTITUDE E COM ANOMALIA NA
COLORAÇÃO NO PARQUE
NACIONAL DO ITATIAIA, SUDESTE
DO BRASIL
Key Takeaway: The Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta
guariba clamitans) is found in high altitude grasslands
in Itatiaia National Park, suggesting its potential
occurrence and use area expansion.
Abstract

BROWN HOWLER MONKEY (PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) IN HIGH

ALTITUDE GRASSLANDS AND WITH COLOUR ANOMALY IN THE
ITATIAIA NATIONAL PARK , SOUTH-EAST BRAZIL The occurrence of
Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Itatiaia National Park (PNI) are considered
rare. For over 70 years an epizootic outbreak of yellow fever almost caused
the local extinction of this species and since then only one record by direct
observation was obtained. In this study, records were obtained by direct
observation of a group of four adults, one male and three females, and an
infant in forest environment (ca. 1200m). One of the females presented
anomaly in the coloration, characterized as leucism. A record of solitary adult
male was held in high altitude grasslands (2450m). It is possible that the fault
is related to the low density of the species, similar to that reported in other
studies. The case record in high altitude, which can be considered the highest
for primates in the country, suggests expanding the occurrence of possibilities
and use area for the species. The monitoring of this species is to be
continuously executed, including higher areas, in order to obtain accurate
estimates of density. The performance of activities for its conservation, such
as the translocation of individuals from surrounding areas to the PNI should
be assessed, to avoid their possible local extinction.

Resposta 2:

Capture and commercialization of blue

land crabs ("guaiamum") Cardisoma
guanhumi (Lattreille, 1825) along the
coast of Bahia State, Brazil: an
ethnoecological approach

Key Takeaway: Ethnoecological research is crucial for

understanding the capture and commercialization of
C. guanhumi in Brazil, as populations are rapidly
diminishing due to heavy harvesting pressures and
habitat degradation.
Abstract

BackgroundBlue Land Crab (Cardisoma guanhumi) is one of the most

important crustacean species captured and commercialized in Brazil.
Although this species is not considered to be threatened with extinction,
populations of C. guanhumi are known to be rapidly diminishing due to heavy
harvesting pressures and degradation of their natural habitats, highlighting the
necessity of developing and implanting management and protection strategies
for their populations. There have been no ethnozoological publications that
have focused specifically on C. guanhumi, in spite of importance of this type
of information for developing efficient management plans of resource
utilization. So, the present work describes the ethnoecological aspects of the
capture and commercialization of C. guanhumi by a fishing community in
northeastern Brazil.MethodsField work was carried out in the municipality of
Mucuri, Bahia in Brazil, between the months of January and March/2011
through the use of open semi-structured interviews with all of the crustacean
harvesters in city who acknowledged their work in capturing this species,
totaling 12 interviewees. The informants were identified through the use of the
"snowball" sampling technique. In addition to the interviews themselves, the
"guided tour" technique and direct observations was
employed.ResultsAccording all the interviewees, the C. guanhumi is
popularly called "guaiamum" and is collected in "apicum" zones. They
recognize sexual dimorphism in the species based on three morphological
characteristics and the harvesters also pointed two stages in the reproductive
cycle during the year and another phase mentioned by the interviewees was
ecdysis. All of the interviewed affirmed that the size and the quantities C.
guanhumi stocks in Mucuri have been diminishing. All of the interviewees
agreed that the species and other mangrove resources constituted their
principal source of income. The harvesters dedicated three to five days a week
to collect Blue Land Crabs and the principal technique utilized for capturing is
a trap called a "ratoeira" (rat-trap).ConclusionsThe results of the present work
demonstrated that the community retains a vast and important volume of
knowledge about C. guanhumi that could subsidize both scientific studies and
the elaboration of viable management and conservation strategies for this
species.

Resposta 3:
Non-volant tetrapods from Reserva
Biológica de Duas Bocas, State of
Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Key Takeaway: Reserva Biologica de Duas Bocas, a

Southeastern Brazil wildlife refuge, contains 115
species of non-volant tetrapods, including 47 new
records and expanded geographic ranges, with five
species threatened with extinction.
Abstract

Reserva Biologica de Duas Bocas (2,910 ha) is one of the largest Atlantic
forest remnants in the State of Espirito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. We
recorded non-volant tetrapods in this area from May 2007 through April 2008,
using pitfalls, live traps, camera traps, and diurnal and nocturnal opportunistic
searches. In addition, we compiled available museum and literature records
from this area. We documented 52 species of amphibians, 24 species of non-
avian reptiles, and 39 species of non-volant mammals. Out of these 115
species, 47 are new records for this area and six other species had their
geographic ranges expanded with the present study. Furthermore, we present
the record of predation of the tree frog Hypsiboas faber by the snake
Chironius bicarinatus. Out of the species listed, five species are listed as
threatened with extinction in the State of Espirito Santo, and many others have
uncertain conservation status. Reserva Biologica de Duas Bocas is an
important wildlife refuge, especially considering the expansion of urban areas
in its surroundings.

Pergunta em Português:
Encontre todas informações recentes, como descobertas científicas ou
notícias, relacionadas ao lobo-guará, uma espécie em extinção no brasil. E
tudo que encontrar, me dê coordenadas geográficas.

Resposta 1:

O TURISMO ENQUANTO ESPAÇO DE

ANÁLISE GEOGRÁFICA: três
perspectivas de abordagem (tourism as a
geographic analysis site: three
perspectives to approach)

Key Takeaway: Tourism as a geographic analysis site

reveals three key theoretical lines: production of
touristic spaces, individual lived spaces, and spatial
representations.
Abstract

No âmbito das abordagens sobre a atividade turistica desenvolvidas pela

geografia emergem tres linhas teoricas de maior relevância: a primeira ligada
aos estudos da producao dos espacos turisticos, tendo essa atividade como
uma producao economica e politica; a segunda relacionada aos estudos sobre
o espaco vivido dos individuos das areas destinadas ao turismo, tendo esse
como uma atividade impactante desse espaco e; mais recentemente, tem se
desenvolvido uma vertente ligada aos estudos sobre as representacoes
espaciais das areas turisticas, tendo a viagem como principio da atividade em
questao. Partindo dessas tres primicias busca-se demonstrar um panorama
geral da abordagem do turismo pela geografia. Palavras chave : turismo,
producao do espaco, espaco vivido, representacao. ABSTRACT In the
approaches on the field of touristic activity developed by Geography emerge
three very important theoretical lines: the first linked to the production’s
studies of touristics areas, having this activity as an economic and political
production; the second one connected to the studies about the individuals
lived space of the areas preserved to tourism, having this as an impacting
activity of that space and, more recently, it has been developed as a trend
linked to the studies of the spatial representations of the touristic area, having
the action of traveling as the starting point for the activity under discussion.
Starting with these three premises it tries to demonstrate a general view on
tourism by the Geography approach. Key Words : Tourism, lived space,
representation.

Resposta 2:
Geografia e direitos humanos: uma
reflexão em tempo de pandemia Covid-
19

Key Takeaway: Geography contributes to and can

contribute to the advancements and setbacks of the
historical process of building a culture of respect for
human dignity.
Abstract

Como a Geografia contribuiu, contribui e/ou pode contribuir para os avanços

(e/ou para os recuos) do processo histórico de construção de uma cultura de
respeito à dignidade humana? O objetivo deste sucinto artigo é responder a
essa questão, como parte da proposta deste dossiê que almeja a reflexão
acerca de como cada ciência, neste caso a Geografia, dialoga com os direitos
humanos, no contexto deste tempo de pandemia da Covid-19. Nosso caminho
ou método principal é o diálogo teórico com alguns geógrafos/as brasileiros e
internacionais, que suscitam a aproximação com aspectos da temática deste
escrito. As preocupações com os direitos humanos estão dispersas na
Geografia, ou em obras de diversos geógrafos. O ensino de Geografia é um
dos instrumentos para a democratização dos direitos humanos em todos os
níveis de escolaridade, especialmente na Educação Básica. Geography and
human rights: a reflection in time of the pandemic Covid-19 How did
Geography contribute, contribute and / or can contribute to the advances
(and / or setbacks) of the historical process of building a culture of respect for
human dignity? The purpose of this succinct article is to answer this question,
as part of the proposal of this Dossier that aims to reflect on how each science,
in this case Geography, dialogues with Human Rights, in the context of this
time of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our main path or method is the theoretical
dialogue with some Brazilian and international geographers, who bring us
closer to aspects of the theme of this writing. Concerns about Human Rights
are dispersed in Geography, or in the works of several geographers. The
teaching of Geography is one of the instruments for the democratization of
Human Rights at all levels of education, especially in Basic Education.
Keywords: Geography. Human Rights. Teaching Geography. Geoethics.

Resposta 3:
O desenvolvimento do pensamento
geográfico e o ensino por investigação:
Key Takeaway: Teaching geography through research-
based approaches can enhance students' geográfic
thinking and contribute to improved teaching and
learning in the field.
Abstract

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre o desenvolvimento do

pensamento geográfico e a abordagem didática do ensino por investigação,
bem como sua possível contribuição para o ensino de Geografia. Entendemos
que esta abordagem traz no seu bojo elementos propulsores para um ensino de
forma contextualizada e enriquecedora, o que pode possibilitar o
desenvolvimento do pensamento geográfico do aluno. Trata-se de uma
pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica. Os dados foram obtidos por meio
de pesquisa em bancos de dados brasileiros, como o Periódico CAPES,
SciELO, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações – CAPES e Biblioteca Digital
Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), e em um banco de dados
internacional - ERIC - Educational Resources Information Centre. Os
resultados da pesquisa mostram que existe uma carência de trabalhos que
discutam a relação entre o ensino de Geografia e a abordagem didática do
ensino por investigação. Esperamos que este trabalho contribua para a
melhoria do Ensino e da Aprendizagem em Geografia, tendo em vista a
promoção de um ensino de Geografia investigativo, a fim de que o aluno
adquira maiores condições de realizar análises de fatos e fenômenos, que
ocorrem no espaço geográfico e, assim, seja possível pensar por meio da
Geografia. Palavras-chave Geografia, Ensino por investigação, Pensar pela
Geografia. The development of Geographic thinking and
teaching through investigation: process of (re)signification in Geography
teaching Abstract This paper aims to discuss the relationship between the
development of geographic thinking and the didactic approach to teaching by
investigation, and its possible contribution to Geography teaching. We
understand that this approach has driving elements for teaching in a
contextualized and enriching way, enabling the development of students’
geographic thinking. This is qualitative bibliographic research. Data were
obtained through searches in Brazilian databases, such as CAPES periodicals,
SciELO, Thesis and Dissertations Catalog - CAPES, Brazilian Digital Library
of Theses and Dissertations - BDTD, and an international database, such as
Education Resources Information Center - ERIC. The research results show
that there is a lack of papers that discuss the relationship between the
geography teaching and the didactic approach to teaching by investigation. We
expect that this work will contribute to the improvement of Geography
teaching-learning process, an investigative teaching of Geography, in a way
that students have better conditions to carry out analysis of facts and
phenomena that occur in geographic space and, thus, be able to think by
Geography. Keywords Geography, Teaching through investigation, Thinking
through Geography.