Growth, Age at Metamorphosis, and Sex Ratio of Northern Brook Lamprey in a

Tributary of Southern Lake Superior

Author(s): Harold A. Purvis
Source: Copeia , Jun. 1, 1970, Vol. 1970, No. 2 (Jun. 1, 1970), pp. 326-332
Published by: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1441654

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326 COPEIA, 1970, NO. 2

MEITES,
MEITES,L.L.1955.
1955.Polarographic
Polarographic
techniques.
techniques. biologist
biologist in
inhis
hisstudies
studiesofof
the
the
most
most
important
important
Interscience Publ., New York. species
species ofoffish?
fish?Rapp
RappReunions
Reunions
Cons.
Cons.
Int.Int.
SMIT, H. 1965. Some experiments on the oxy- Explor.
Explor. Mer.
Mer.101:3-14.
101:3-14.
gen consumption of goldfish (Carassius auratus
L.) in relation to swimming speed. Can. J. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF
Zool. 43:623-633.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. 1954. Ap- NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL, NORTH
plied mathematics series No. 41. Nat. Bur. CAROLINA. PRESENT ADDRESS: DEPARTMENT
Stand., Wash., D. C.
OF ZOOLOGY, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOM-
VON BUDDENBROCK, W. 1936. What physiolog-
ical problems are of interest to the marine INGTON, INDIANA 47401.

Growth,
Growth, Age
Ageat
atMetamorphosis,
Metamorphosis, and
andSexSex
Ratio
Ratio
of of
Northern
Northern
Brook
Broo
Lamprey
Lamprey in
inaaTributary
TributaryofofSouthern
Southern Lake
Lake
Superior1
Superior1
HAROLD A. PURVIS

Growth was studied of five year classes of the northern brook lamprey,
Ichthyomyzon fossor, collected from the Sturgeon River during intervals
between treatment of the stream with a lampricide. Growth varied con-
siderably among year classes. Larvae of the 1963 year class were slightly
longer at age II and 30% longer at age III than the III-group larvae of the
1960 year class. About 6% of 558 III-group lampreys of the 1963 year class
had metamorphosed by 17 August 1966. Although the sex ratio of larvae
was about 1:1, 97% of the metamorphosed lampreys were males.
The distribution of pigmentation on the caudal fin and upper lip in
ammocoetes less than 40 mm long permitted accurate and rapid separation
of northern brook lampreys from the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus.

INTRODUCTION of
of reestablished
reestablishedpopulations
populations
of the of
northern
the northern
INFORMATION is limited on the growth brook
brooklamprey.
lamprey.
and age at metamorphosis of the northern MATERIALS AND METHODS
brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor Reig-
The Sturgeon River, in Houghton and
hard and Cummins. The life history has counties, is one of Michigan's largest
Baraga
been described in Michigan by Okkelberg
tributaries of Lake Superior and has 108
(1922) and Hubbs (1924) and in Indiana byof main stream (Brown, 1944). The
miles
Leach (1940). These studies revealedriver
thatis 60-90 ft wide in the study area at
the life cycle occupied 5-7 years. Churchill state highway M-35 bridge. A hydroelectric
(1947) reported on some aspects of thedam 45 miles above the mouth and 12 miles
life
history in a Wisconsin tributary of Lake above
Su-M-35 bridge controls the water flow
which fluctuates between 30 and 700 cfs from
perior but he did not estimate the length of
larval life. mid-May to October.
The almost total elimination of lampreys inThe physical and chemical characteristics
of the river were described by Zimmerman
streams with the selective larvicide, 3-trifluo-
(1968) and the ichthyofauna by Moore and
romethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) (Applegate et
Braem (1965).
al., 1961), provided a unique opportunity to
The Sturgeon River was treated with TFM
study the growth and age at metamorphosis in June 1960, June 1963, and August 1966
to destroy larval sea lampreys, Petromyzon
1 Contribution No. 410 of the Bureau of Commercial
marinus Linnaeus. Laboratory studies have
Fisheries Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory, Ann Arbor,
Michigan. revealed that certain embryological stages of

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 PURVIS-NORTHERN BROOK LAMPREY 327

TABLE 1. LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF NORTHERN BROOK LAMPREY AMMOCOETES FROM THE STURGEON
RIVER NEAR STATE HIGHWAY M-35, 1960-63. (Asterisks are explained in text.)
1960 1961 1962 1963
Length
Interval Sept Oct May June July Sept Oct June Aug Oct May June
(mm) 13 22 30 9 30 19 14 1 2 13 10 22

13- 15 - - - - 1
16- 18 - 4 -- - -
19- 21 - - - - - - 1 - - -
22- 24 -- -- 1 - -
25- 27 13 - - -- - - 2 - -
28- 30 28 5 - - - 2 - - - 5 1 -
31- 33 27 28 1 1 - 6 4 - - 13 1 2
34- 36 11 88 1 8 - 7 7 2 - 14 - 10
37- 39 - 80 11 26 - - 4 10 - 2 1 14
40-42 1 45 25 49 1 - 7 13 4 - 1 12
43- 45 - 8 22 44 8 - - 16 4 - 2 4
46-48 - 1 15 39 16 1 - 3 13 - - 1
49-51 - - 5 18 49 1 2 2 10 4 3 4
52- 54 - - - 8 56 3 6 4 13 7 1 4
55- 57 - - 1 2 61 5 6 1 8 3 6 5
58- 60 - - 1 - 21 11 21 10 4 8 5 4
61- 63 - - - - 10 11 21 19 6 10* 2 18*
64- 66 - - - - 3 5 25 39 11 9 2 8
67- 69 - - - - 2 3 21 37 19 6 9 12
70- 72 - - - - 2 1 16 38 27 20 9 14
73- 75 - - - - - - 9 35 26 21 10 21
76- 78 - - - - - - 4 28 28 19 5 27
79- 81 - - - - - - 3 18 21 31* 13 31
82- 84 - - - - - - 2 6 27 19 7 34*
85- 87 - - - - - - - 4 9 17 2 32
88- 90 - - - - - - 1 4 15 9 29
91- 93 - - - - - - - 3 5 14 4 20
94- 96 - - - - - - - - 1 6 6 15
97- 99 - - - - - - - -- 1 9
100-102 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 9
103-105 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 5
106-108 - - - - - - - - - - 1 4
109-111 - - - - - - - - - - - 5
112-114 - - - - - - - - - - - 2
115-117 - - - - - - - - - - - -
118-120 - - - - - - - - -
121-123 - - - - - - - -
124-126 - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Total 80 255 82 195 234 56 158 289 242 248 102 356

lampreys are immune to relatively high con- cal stages

centrations of TFM (Piavis, 1962) and later of young-of
studies indicated that lower concentrations Two sources of recruitment of northern
and less exposure to TFM, as experienced brook lamprey are possible following chem-
by lampreys in streams during chemical ical treatment. The first is survival of lam-
treatments, would not cause significant mor- preys in springs, sloughs, and other areas of
tality to ammocoetes in certain embryological the stream which are not penetrated by the
stages (John H. Howell, pers. comm.). Chem- chemical, and the second source of recruit-
ical treatments of the Sturgeon River in ment is populations of northern brook lam-
June 1960 and 1963 took place during criti- prey in tributaries that do not contain sea

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 328 COPEIA, 1970, NO. 2

TABLE 2. LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF NORTHERN BROOK LAMPREYS FROM THE STURGEON RIVER NEAR
STATE HIGHWAY M-35, 1963-66. (Asterisk is explained in text.)
Metamor-
Ammocoetes phosed
Length Lampreys
Interval 1963 1964 1965 1966 1966
(mm) Oct 1 June 5 July 1 Sept 30 June 22 Oct 6 June 3 Aug 17 Aug 17

25- 27 4
28- 30 12
31- 33 32
34- 36 20 2
37- 39 19 2 1 1 - 1

40- 42 13 4 1
43- 45 3 13 2
46- 48 2 19 6
49- 51 21 7 - 1

52- 54 30 12 1 -
55- 57 17 9 - 3
58- 60 6 9 1 - 2
61- 63 2 6 4 1
64- 66 2 4 8
67- 69 1 8 1
70- 72 15 3 - 1

73- 75 16 6 - - 1

76- 78 12 2 1 - 1

79- 81 7 4 - 1 1
82- 84 4 8 1 - 1

85- 87 3 8 3 - 3
88- 90 2 5 2 1 6
91- 93 2 9 6 3 4
94- 96 2 7 4 9
97- 99 1 2 5 5 10 1
100-102 1 7 9 19 1
103-105 1 6 15 29 3
106-108 1 8 11 37 1
109-111 - 7 19 43 2
112-114 - 4 12 55 8
115-117 - 4 7 63* 7
118-120 3 54 4
121-123 3 53 3
124-126 1 47 1
127-129 1 37 1

130-132 - 21
133-135 2 20
136-138 - 8

139-141 - 6

142-144 - 2

Total 105 116 58 86 52 62 100 537 32

lamprey and consequently are not treated studies on growth and length of la
with chemical. Length-frequency data (Tables of the northern brook lamprey. Of
1, 2) indicate few, if any, ammocoetes sur- 2297 were obtained between Septem
vived the chemical treatments in the study and June 1963 (Table 1), and 1148 b
area.
October 1963 and August 1966 (T
A total of 3445 lampreys collected
Larvaein the collected with fyke an
were
Sturgeon River provided the basic data
during for
chemical treatments and by

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 PURVIS-NORTHERN BROOK LAMPREY 329

shocker at intervening periods. Gear

50 selec-
tion according to size of ammocoetes was not
-- Male N=180
evident for the gears used. Larvae were pre- N=186
-- Female
40-
served in 5% formalin and later measured to
w
the nearest mm. No correction was made for
5
shrinkage. Churchill (1947) and Vladykov cr

-J 30- \
(1960) reported about 3% shrinkage for LL.am-
mocoetes preserved in formalin. 0

Growth, determined by the length-fre-

I/\
w

quency method, was easily interpreteda) / 1

at 20-/-J
various ages because of the large numbers
z

and rapid growth of larvae of the 1960 and 10-

0 I\I
/
1963 year classes and the small numbers and
slow growth of ammocoetes in other year
classes. The mean length of ammocoetes in 80 100 120 140 160
a year class was calculated where overlap LENGTH (5-mm GR
was slight or absent. As the overlap amongFig. 1. Length distrib
age groups increased, the modes were usedlampreys from the St
to describe growth. These modes are indi-
way M-35, August 196
cated by asterisks in Tables 1 and 2.
Ammocoetes (76-147 mm long) were dis-
sected and sexed under a binocular micro- It was not possible
brook lamprey amm
scope.
silver lampreys. A
IDENTIFICATION OF AMMOCOETES long) of the two spe
tage appear to be id
Three species of lampreys occur in the
tion characteristics. All of the ammocoetes
Sturgeon River: northern brook lamprey;
in the samples, however, are believed to be
silver lamprey, Ichthyomyzon unicuspis northern brook lampreys. An electric barrier
Hubbs and Trautman; and sea lamprey. Sea
prevented adult silver lampreys from migrat-
lamprey ammocoetes can be distinguished in
ing upstream to spawn except during flood
part from those of the northern brook and
stages, and no metamorphosed silver lampreys
silver lampreys by myomere counts and the
were recovered in the study area. If larvae
configuration of the dorsal fin. Myomere
of the silver lamprey were present in the
counts average 70.1 in the sea lamprey, 53.5
collections, they grew at the same rate as the
in the northern brook lamprey, and 50.7 in
brook lampreys or were so few that they
the silver lamprey (Vladykov, 1949). The
did not bias the length-frequency data.
dorsal fin is continuous in all Ichthyomyzon
ammocoetes and in sea lamprey ammocoetes GROWTH
less than 40 mm long; however the fin isSex was determined for 261 larvae from the
divided in sea lamprey ammocoetes over 40
June 1960 chemical treatment and 366 from
mm long (Vladykov, 1960).
the August 1966 collection to determine sex
A rapid and accurate method of separating
the two genera without counting myomeres differences in growth and sex composition.
The mean length of the 126 males in the 1960
was needed because of the large numbers of
collection was 104 mm (range, 76-135 mm)
larvae of sea lamprey and Ichthyomyzon less
and that of the 135 females was 109 mm
than 40 mm long. Ammocoetes shorter than
(range, 76-147 mm). The males in the 1966
40 mm were identified by the pigmentation
sample were also slightly smaller (Fig. 1)
on the caudal fin and upper lip. The caudal
than the females (114 mm for 180 males com-
fin is abundantly pigmented in sea lampreys
pared with 118 mm for 186 females). Because
(Vladykov, 1960), but is not pigmented in
sex differences in growth of ammocoetes from
Ichthyomyzon; the inside or ventral surface
the Sturgeon River were so small, the sexes
of the upper lip is unpigmented in the sea
were combined for study of growth.
lamprey, but is pigmented in Ichthyomyzon.Churchill (1947) reported that females
Ammocoetes stored in clear glass jars for were 15 mm longer than males in recently
eight years still retained this characteristic
metamorphosed and adult northern brook
pigmentation. lampreys.

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330 COPEIA, 1970, NO. 2

TABLE 3. AGE AND AVERAGE LENGTHS (MM) OF YEAR CLASSES OF NORTHERN BROOK LAMPREY
LECTED IN VARIOUS PERIODS IN THE STURGEON RIVER NEAR STATE HIGHWAY M-35. (See Tables
for collecting dates each calendar year. Number of lampreys in parentheses; asterisks indicat
mated numbers in age groups when lengths were based on modes.)
Age Group Year Class
and
Period 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964

Age 0
30 July-10 Aug - 17 (5) - -
10-20 Sept 31 (80) 33 (15) - -
30 Sept-10 Oct - - - 35 (105) 36 (3)
12-22 Oct 37 (255) 37 (22) 33 (37) - -

Age I
30 May-10 June 43 (277) 43 (50) - 51 (116)
20 June-1 July - - 38 (43) 55 (58)
30 July-10 Aug 54 (229) 51 (56) - -
10-20 Sept 60 (41) - - -
30 Sept-10 Oct - - - 74 (83)
12-22 Oct 65 (136) 62 (41)* - -

Age II
30 May-10 June 71 (239) - - -
20 June-i July - 62 (43)* - 86 (52)
30 July-10 Aug 77 (185) - - -
30 Sept-10 Oct - - - 101 (61)
12-22 Oct 80 (170)* - - -

Age III
30 May-10 June - - -108 (96)
20 June-i July 83 (270)* -
10-20 Aug - - - 116 (526)*

The average lengths

not change from Octoberof year
1962 to June 1963. cla
northern brook Two observations
lampreys on the growth of theat var
1962 year class indicate that this year
(Table 3) were determined class
from t
frequency data grew
in more slowly than either 1
Tables the 1960and or 2.
and 1963 year classes
1961 year classes. dominated t
tions. Growth of the 1963 year class was faster
First-year growth of
than that of the the
1960 year 1960
class (Fig. 2). The ye
mean length of thehatching
was most rapid from O-group larvae in Octo- (abo
until mid-October when
ber was similar for the two yearthe classes, butseason
was almost complete. Annual
the mean length of I-group larvae of the 1963 incre
growth (based on year class early in the following June
October (51
samples
mm for the first mm) was
year19% greaterof than that of the 1960 28 m
life,
second year, and year15
class (43 mm
mm). Ammocoetes for of the 1963 the th
ments of growth year class
from in June 1965 (at age II) were
mid-Octob
each year were only
slightly longer (866,mm) 6,
than theand III-group 3 mm
tively. ammocoetes (83 mm) of the 1960 year class
The growth of the 1961 year class was in June 1963. The III group of the 1963
followed for 2 years. The growth of the year class was 25 mm (30%) longer than
O- and I-group ammocoetes was similar to larvae of the corresponding age of the 1960
that of the 1960 year class but in June 1963 year class. The increments of growth for the
the II-group larvae were smaller (62 mm) three annual October samples of the 1963
than the II group of the 1960 year class (71 year class were 35, 39, and 27 mm, respec-
mm). The mode of the 1961 year class did tively.

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 PURVIS-NORTHERN BROOK LAMPREY 331

120
Big Garlic River, a tributary of Lake Super
ior (Patrick J. Manion, pers. comm.).
100 A "rest period" of 1 year for larvae afte
attainment of transformation size was sug
E
gested by Leach (1940) for the northern broo
E 80
lamprey and by Gage (1928) and Applegate
(1950) for the sea lamprey because larv
z
w 60 longer than metamorphosed lampreys wer
40 present in their collections. The lengt
40 frequency data from the Sturgeon River dem
onstrate, however, that part of a year cla
.1, .. I ,, of northern brook lampreys metamorphos
20 Ja. nIIIl. iiJ ll IIlllllllllll illl Illllt !
0 Jan. I uan. G
Jan. at age III without an extended rest period;
AGE GROUP
as in the other studies, the collections in-
cluded some larvae that were longer than the
Fig. 2. Average lengths of the 1960 and 1
transformed ones.
year classes of northern brook lampreys i
Sturgeon River.
SEX RATIO

Of the 627 northern brook lamprey larvae

Only one estimate of growth was poss
sexed from the June 1960 and August 1966
for the 1964 year class because few larv
samples, 306 (49%) were males. Thirty-one
this year class were collected.
of the 32 (97%) metamorphosed northern
The Sturgeon River was treated for a th
brook lampreys from the August 1966 sample
time in August 1966. The 38-month-old
and 18 of 24 (75%) spawning northern brook
mocoetes of the 1963 year class, which d
lampreys collected in June 1960 were males.
nated the sample, taken during treatm
The tendency for males to predominate in
had a modal length of 116 mm. Additio
tributaries treated in the 1963 chemical treat- spawning populations of lampreys has been
reported for L. planeri (= L. richardsoni
ment destroyed nearly all sources of recruit-
Vladykov and Follett) by Schultz (1930) and
ment and consequently few ammocoetes of
for L. planeri by Hardisty (1961) and for the
the 1964 and 1965 year classes and no ammo-
sea lamprey by Applegate (1950). If mortal-
coetes of the 1966 year class were in the col-
lections. The number of ammocoetes of all ity is equal for males and females, the strong
tendency for males to transform earlier than
year classes collected between 1960 and 1966
females could account for the greater num-
indicated that the population was reduced
ber of males in spawning populations of
65-95% after the 1963 chemical treatment.
lampreys.
I believe the increased growth of the 1963
Although the mean lengths of male and
year class was due to the sharp reduction in
female ammocoetes in the August 1966 col-
population density and the resulting de-
lection (Table 2) were similar and the sex
creased competition for food and space.
ratio was about 1:1, 86% of 35 larvae longer
METAMORPHOSIS than 129 mm (the length of the longest trans-
formed lamprey) were females. The percent-
Thirty-two age-III northern brook lam-
age of females among 18 larvae longer than
preys metamorphosed in 1966 (Table 2).
129 mm in the June 1960 collection also was
The mean length of the transforming lam-
preys was 114 mm (range, 97-129 mm). Only (83%). Delayed transformation and
high
6% of the lampreys 97-144 mm long meta- slightly faster growth rate of the female am-
morphosed. Since only a small percentage of mocoetes observed may account for the
the 1963 year class metamorphosed at age longer mean length of metamorphosed fe-
III, the remaining ammocoetes of this year males reported by Churchill (1947).
class would be expected to transform in suc-
LITERATURE CITED
ceeding years. Consequently, a year class of
northern brook lampreys probably contrib- APPLEGATE, V. C. 1950. Natural history of the
utes to several spawning populations. This sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, in Mich-
characteristic is not restricted to northern igan. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep.
Fish. No. 55, 237 pp.
brook lampreys. Sea lamprey ammocoeteset al. 1961. Use of 3-trifluoromethyl-
also metamorphose over several years in4-nitrophenol
the as a selective sea lamprey larvi-

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332 COPEIA, 1970, NO. 2

cide.
cide. Great
GreatLakes
LakesFish.
Fish.Comm.,
Comm.,Tech.
Tech.
Rep.
Rep.
OKKELBERG,
OKKELBERG, P. P.
1922.
1922.
Notes
Notes
on the
onlife-history
the life-history
No.
No. 1,
1, 35
35 pp.
pp. of
of the
thebrook
brooklamprey,
lamprey,
Ichthyomyzon
Ichthyomyzon
unicolor.
unicolor.
BROWN,
BROWN, C. C.J.
J.D.D.1944.
1944.Michigan
Michigan streams-their
streams-their Occ.
Occ.Pap.
Pap.Mus.
Mus.Zool.,
Zool.,
Univ.
Univ.
Mich.Mich.
No. 125,
No. 125,
lengths,
lengths, distribution
distributionand anddrainage
drainage areas.
areas.
Mich. 14 pp.
Mich.
Dep.
Dep. Conserv.
Conserv.Inst.
Inst.Fish.
Fish.
Res.,
Res.,Misc.
Misc.
Pub.Pub.
No.PIAVIS,
No. G. W. 1962. Exposure of several devel-
1, 21 pp. opmental stages of the sea lamprey, Petromy-
CHURCHILL, W. S. 1947. The brook lamprey in zon marinus, to selective larvicides. Copeia
the Brule River. Brule River Surv. Rep. No. 1962(3):652-653.
10. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts, Lett. 37(1945): SCHULTZ, L. P. 1930. The life history of Lam-
337-346. petra planeri Bloch, with a statistical analysis
GAGE, S. H. 1928. The lampreys of New York of the rate of growth of the larvae from west-
State-life history and economics. Biol. Surv. ern Washington. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ.
Oswego River System, N. Y. Conserv. Dep. Mich. No. 221, 35 pp.
Suppl. 17th Ann. Rep. 1927, pp. 158-191. VLADYKOV, V. D. 1949. Quebec lampreys. I.-
HARDISTY, M. W. 1961. Studies on an isolated List of species and their economical impor-
spawning population of the brook lamprey tance. Dep. Fish., Quebec Prov., Contrib. No.
(Lampetra planeri). J. Anim. Ecol. 30:339-26, 67 pp.
355. .1960. Description of young ammo-
HUBBS, C. L. 1924. The life-cycle and growth coetes belonging to two species of lampreys:
of lampreys. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts, Lett.
Petromyzon marinus and Entosphenus lamot-
4:587-603. tenii. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 17(2):267-288.
ZIMMERMAN, J. W. 1968. Water quality of
LEACH, W. J. 1940. Occurrence and life history
of the northern brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon streams tributary to lakes Superior and Michi-
fossor, in Indiana. Copeia 1940(1):21-34. gan. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep.
MOORE, H. H. AND R. A. BRAEM. 1965. Distri- Fish. No. 559, 41 pp.
bution of fishes in U. S. streams tributary to
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Sci. Rep. Fish. No. 516, 61 pp. ICAL STATION, MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN 49855.

Further Observations
Observations on
on the
the Sexual
Sexual Dimorphism
Dimorphism in in the
the Skin
Skinof
of
Salmo trutta trutta
trutta in
in Relation
Relation to
to Sexual
Sexual Maturity
Maturity
STANISLAWA STOKLOSOWA
STOKLOSOWA

A study of skin structure

structure ofof juvenile
juvenile sea
sea trout,
trout, Salmo
Salmo trutta
truttatrutta,
trutta,
from the Reda River,
River, northern
northern Poland,
Poland, and
and from
from artificial
artificial ponds,
ponds,where
where
they bred, reveals
reveals differences
differences between
between males
males and
and females.
females. There
Therearearesome
some
differences in skin
skin structure
structure of
of specimens
specimens which
which had
had spawned
spawnedand andadult
adult
sea-ascending males
males and
and females.
females. Obvious
Obvious differences
differences are
are evident
evidentbetween
between
adult males and females
females ofof Lake
Lake Wdzydze
Wdzydze trout,
trout, Salmo
Salmo trutta
truttatrutta
truttamor-
mor-
pha lacustris. Comparing
Comparing thethe state
state of
of gonad
gonad development,
development, differences
differencesbe-
be-
tween "summer" and and "autumn"
"autumn" migratory
migratory trout
trout populations
populationsare areshown
shown
histologically.

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION sexual differences
differences in
in skin
skin structure
structure of
of adult
adult
STOKLOSOWA
STOKLOSOWA (1966)
(1966)
illustrated
illustrated
remark-
remark-trout.
able differences in the structure of the
skin of adult spawning sea trout caught on MATERIALS AND METHODS

their spawning beds. Observations, initially Study material consisted of: 1) anadromous
performed on only two specimens, were ex-adult males and females of Salmo trutta
tended to smolts caught from the Reda Rivertrutta, from the mouth of the Vistula River,
and sexually mature smolts cultured in artifi-near Swibno, Poland, caught 15 December
cial ponds. Simultaneous observations were 1965; 2) six juvenile migratory smolts ob-
performed on the skin structure of sea-ascend-tained from the Reda River, Poland; 3) speci-
ing males and females and spawning lakemens, originating from migratory parents,
trout from Lake Wdzydze. This permitted but living their entire life in artificial ponds
the completion of observations concerning of the Mydlniki Experimental Fisheries Sta-

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