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Indonesian National Standards

"
Water and wastewater – Part 58:
Groundwater sampling method

ICS 13.060.50 National Standardization Agency

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SNI 6989.58:2008

List of contents

"
List of contents …............................................... ................................................................ ................................i

Foreword ................................................ ................................................................ ................................ii

1 Scope ........................................... ................................................................ .................. 1

2 Normative reference.............................................. ................................................................ ................. 1

3 Terms and definitions.............................................. ................................................................ .............. 1

4 Equipment ................................................ ................................................................ ......................... 2

4.1 Sampling equipment ................................................ ................................................................ .... 2 4.2 Field parameter

measuring equipment ............................................ ................................................ 4

4.3 Cooling equipment.................................................. ................................................................ ................ 4

4.4 Filter tools............................................ ................................................................ ................ 4 4.5 Extraction tool

(separating funnel) ...................... ................................................................ .........4

5 Materials ................................................ ................................................................ ................................ 4

6 Sample containers.............................................. ................................................................ ................... 4

6.1 Sample container requirements............................................ ................................................ 4

6.2 Preparation of sample containers ................................................ ................................................................ 4

6.3 Washing sample containers.............................................. ................................................................ 6

6.4 Sample volume.............................................. ................................................................ ............... 6

7 Determination of sampling points.................................................. ..................................... 6 8 How to carry out

measurements in the field...... ................................................................ .............. 7 9 How to carry out test

samples.................................. .......................................... 8

10 Field parameter testing.............................................. .......................................... 9 11 Quality assurance and quality

control. ................................................................ ......................... 9

11.1 Quality assurance .................................................. ................................................................ .............. 9

11.2 Quality control............................................ ................................................................ ...... 9

Appendix A (normative) Reporting............................................ ................................................ 11 Appendix B (normative )

Example of field data sheet.................................................. ..............12

Appendix C (normative) Table of methods for preserving and storing waste water samples.........13

Bibliography.................................. ................................................................ ................................................................ 16

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SNI 6989.58:2008

Foreword

SNI Water and wastewater series.

"
In order to standardize wastewater sampling techniques as stipulated in the Decree of the Minister of
Environment Number 37 of 2003 concerning analytical methods for testing surface water quality and taking
surface water samples, an Indonesian National Standard (Indonesian National Standard (SNI) concerning),
Water and wastewater – Part 58: Groundwater sampling methods. This SNI is applied to waste water
sampling techniques as stated in the Ministerial Decree.

This method is the result of a review of the revision of SNI 06-2421-1991, entitled Water quality test
sampling method. This method has gone through a review and the SNI has been agreed to be split into 3
new SNIs, namely for surface water, groundwater and wastewater sampling methods which are part of the

This SNI has been agreed upon by Technical Subcommittee 13-03-S1, Water Quality from Technical
Committee 13-03, Technical Committee for Environmental Quality and Environmental Management with
related parties.

This standard was agreed upon and approved in a consensus meeting with meeting participants
representing producers, consumers, scientists, technical agencies, relevant governments from the central
and regional levels on December 14 2005 in Serpong, Tangerang - Banten. This SNI has also gone
through a national consensus, namely an opinion poll on 29 March – 28 May 2006. With the stipulation of
this SNI, the application of SNI 06-2421-1991 is declared no longer valid.

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SNI 6989.58:2008

Water and wastewater – Part 58: Groundwater sampling methods

1 Scope

"
This method is used to take water samples for testing the physical and chemical properties of
groundwater.

2 Normative reference

SNI 06-6989.1-2004, Water and wastewater – Part 1: How to test electrical conductivity (DHL).
SNI 06-6989.11-2004, Water and wastewater – Part 11: How to test the degree of acidity (pH) using a
pH meter.
SNI 06-6989.14-2004, Water and wastewater – Part 12: How to test dissolved oxygen using iodometry
(azide modification).
SNI 06-6989.23-2005, Water and waste water – Part 23: How to test temperature with a thermometer.
SNI 06-2420-1991, Method for testing leachability in water using titrimetry.
SNI 06-2422-1991, Method for testing acidity in water using titrimetry.
SNI 06-4824-1998, Method for testing free chlorine levels in water using a visible light spectrophotometer
using diethyl phenylindiamine.

3 Terms and definitions

3.1
groundwater
water found in layers of soil or rock below the ground surface, including drilled wells, dug wells and
pantek wells

3.2
aquifer
a layer of saturated rock below the ground surface that can store and transmit water

3.3
confined aquifer
an aquifer bounded at the top and bottom by an impermeable layer. This aquifer is also called an
artesian aquifer

3.4
unconfined aquifer
an aquifer bounded at the top by a groundwater table under pressure equal to the outside air pressure
(1 atmosphere) and at the bottom by an impermeable layer

3.5
Biological Oxygen Demand ( BOD) is the biochemical oxygen demand for the
deoxygenation process in waters or wastewater

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3.6
Chemical Oxygen Demand/KOK (Chemical Oxygen Demand COD)

nutrient

"
the need for chemical oxygen for the deoxygenation process in waters or wastewater

3.7

compounds needed by organisms which include phosphate, nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia

4 Equipment

4.1 Sampling equipment

4.1.1 Requirements for drilling well water sampling equipment

The sampling equipment must meet the following requirements: a) be made of materials
that do not affect the properties of the sample; b) easy to wash from previous
samples; c) the sample is easy to transfer into the container
without any remaining suspended material in it; d) easy and safe to carry; e) tool capacity depends on the purpose of
the test.

4.1.2 Types of drilled well water sampling equipment

One example of a drilled well water sampling tool is a Bailer tool which consists of a Teflon tube with an open top end
and a closed bottom end equipped with a ball valve.

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"
Figure 1 Example of a Bailer type drilled well water sampling tool

4.1.3 Types of dug well water sampling equipment

One example of a water sampling tool for a dug well consists of a glass and stainless steel bottle
whose top end can be opened and closed and tied with a string at the top, while the bottom end is
closed and equipped with a weight at the bottom.

Figure 2 Example of a dug well water sampler

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4.2 Field parameter measuring equipment

Equipment that needs to be brought includes:

a) pH meter; b)
conductimeter; c)
thermometer; d)
meter; e) water

"
level meter or rope equipped with weights and measured in length; and f) Global Positioning System (GPS).

NOTE Field equipment needs to be calibrated before use.

4.3 Cooling equipment

This tool can store samples at 4°C ± 2°C, used to store samples for testing physical and chemical properties.

4.4 Filter tools

This tool is equipped with a suction pump or pressure pump and a 0.45 ÿm porous filter.

4.5 Extraction tool (separating funnel)

The separating funnel is made of transparent glass or Teflon material and easily separates the solvent phase
from the sample.

5 Ingredients

Chemicals for preservatives

Chemicals used for preservatives must meet the chemical requirements for analysis and not interfere with or
change the levels of the substances to be tested (see Appendix C).

6 Sample containers

6.1 Sample container requirements

Containers used to store samples must meet the following requirements: a) be made of glass or poly ethylene
(PE) or
poly propylene (PP) or Teflon plastic.
(Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene, PTFE);
b) can be closed firmly and tightly; c) clean and
free of contaminants; d) not easy to
break; e) does not interact
with the example.

6.2 Preparation of sample containers

Take the steps to prepare the sample container, as follows: a) to avoid sample
contamination in the field, all sample containers must be thoroughly cleaned in the laboratory before sampling.

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b) the number of containers prepared must always be more than required, for

to be taken, as follows:

the glass vial,

"
quality assurance, quality control and reserves.
c) the type of sample container and the level of cleaning required depend on the type of sample

6.2.1 Sample container for testing volatile organic compounds

(Volatile Organic Compound, VOC)

Prepare a sample container for volatile organic compounds, using the following steps: a) wash

cap and septum with detergent. Rinse with plain water, then rinse
with analyte-free water;
b) rinse with analytical grade methanol and dry; c) after an hour,
remove the vial and cool in an inverted position on a sheet
aluminum foil;
d) Once cool, close the vial using a lid with a septum.

NOTE 1 When washing sample containers, avoid using plastic or rubber gloves and brushes.

NOTE 2 For some light-sensitive volatile organic compounds such as bromine-containing compounds,
some types of pesticides, poly-core organic compounds (Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAH), brown
bottles must be used.

6.2.2 Sample containers for testing extractable organic compounds

Prepare a sample container for organic compounds that can be extracted, using the following
steps: a) wash
the glass bottle and cover with detergent. Rinse with plain water, then rinse
with analyte-free water;
b) put 10 mL of analytical quality acetone into the bottle and tighten the cap, shake the bottle
well so that the acetone is evenly distributed over the surface of the bottle and on the Teflon
lining in the cap.
c) open the bottle cap and discard the acetone. Let the bottle dry and then tighten it
Close the bottle to prevent new contamination.

6.2.3 Sample containers for testing total and dissolved metals

Prepare a sample container for testing total and dissolved metals, with the following steps: a)
wash the glass
or plastic bottle and lid with detergent then rinse with water
clean.
b) rinse with nitric acid (HNO3) 1:1, then rinse again with analyte-free water 3 times and let it
dry, once dry, close the bottle tightly.

6.2.4 Sample container for testing KOB, KOK and nutrients

Prepare a sample container for testing KOB, KOK and nutrients, with the following steps: a)
wash the bottle
and cap with detergent then rinse with clean water; b) wash the bottle with
1:1 hydrochloric acid (HCl) and rinse again with analyte-free water as much as
3 times and let it dry, once dry close the bottle tightly.

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6.2.5 Sample containers for testing non-metallic inorganics

with
detergent, rinse with clean water then rinse with water

6.3 Washing sample containers

Wash the sample container as follows: a) The equipment must

cleaned is labeled clean-ready for sampling.

6.4 Sample volume

"
Prepare a sample container for testing inorganic non-metals, with the following work steps: a) wash the bottle and cap

analyte free 3 times and allow to dry; b) once dry, close the bottle tightly.

be washed with detergent and brushed to remove particles stuck to the surface; b) Rinse the equipment with clean
water until all the detergent is
removed; c) If the equipment is made of non-metallic materials, then wash it with 1:1
HNO3 acid, then rinse with analyte-free water; d) Allow the equipment to dry in the open air; e) Equipment that has been

The volume of samples taken for field and laboratory examinations depends on the type of examination required (see
Appendix C).

7 Determination of sampling points

7.1 Sampling point

Sampling points are determined based on the purpose of the examination. Groundwater sampling points must pay
attention to the directional pattern of groundwater flow, it can come from free (unpressured) groundwater and depressed
groundwater.

7.1.1 Unconfined groundwater (unconfined aquifer)

Free groundwater sampling points can come from dug wells and pantek wells or drilled wells with the following
explanation:

a) upstream and downstream in accordance with the direction of groundwater flow from the location to be operated
monitor;
b) in coastal areas where salt water infiltration occurs and at several points towards land,
if needed;
c) other places deemed necessary depending on the purpose of the inspection.

7.1.2 Confined groundwater (confined aquifer)

Pressure groundwater sampling points can come from drilled wells which function as: a) production wells to meet urban,
rural,
agricultural, industrial and public facilities needs.

b) groundwater quality monitoring wells. c) observation well

for recharge monitoring. d) observation well in an artesian
groundwater basin. e) observation wells in coastal areas where salt
water infiltration occurs. f) observation wells for storing or processing domestic waste or
industrial waste.

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g) other wells deemed necessary.

Direction of groundwater flow

Industrial Area

Sea water intrusion

Caption:
3

L aut
" 2
1
Direction of groundwater flow

1 Observation well for monitoring the impact of agricultural pollution

2 Observation wells for monitoring the impact of industrial pollution
Agricultural Area

3 Observation wells to monitor the impact of sea water intrusion pollution

Figure 3 Diagram of groundwater sampling locations

8 How to measure in the field

8.1 Determination of coordinates and elevation of location points

a) Determine coordinates and elevation using a GPS device, if necessary; b)

Record all determination results in a special field inspection notebook.

8.2 Measurement of well height and diameter

a) Measure the height and diameter of the well (according to Appendix B);
b) Record all measurement results in a special field inspection notebook.

8.3 Measurement of ground water level and well depth

a) Measure the ground water level and well depth; b) Record all
measurement results in a special field inspection notebook.

8.4 Well environmental recording

Record the type of well, well construction, year of construction, well owner, location or well plan
and others.

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9 How to take samples

9.1 How to take samples from drilled wells

9.1.1 How to take samples from production wells

point 8.3.

9.1.2 How to take samples from monitoring wells

"
Take samples from the production well by opening the production well water tap and letting the
water flow for 1 minute – 2 minutes then put the sample in the sample container according to

Drain the monitoring well first until all the water in the monitoring well pipe runs out, wait until
the water is collected again, then take a test sample.

9.1.2.1 When using the Bailer tool, perform the following steps:

a) read the instructions for using the sampler; b) lower

the sampling tool (Bailer) into the well to a certain depth; c) lift the sampling tool after filling
the sample; d) open the faucet and put the water sample
into the container.

9.1.2.2 If using a pump, it is taken directly from the pump output.

9.2 How to take samples from dug wells

Take samples from dug wells, using the following steps: a) read the instructions for using
the sampling tool; b) lower the sampler into the well to
a certain depth; c) lift the sampling tool after filling the sample; d) transfer the water
from the sampling tool into a container.

9.3 Sampling for water quality testing

a) prepare a sampling tool according to the type of water to be tested; b)

rinse the instrument with the sample to be taken, 3 (three) times; c) take
samples according to the analysis requirements; d)
put it in a container suitable for analysis purposes; e) immediately
carry out tests for temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity and pH parameters; f) the
results of field parameter testing are recorded in a special notebook; g)
samples taken for testing parameters in the laboratory are preserved as in Appendix C.

9.3.1 Sampling for testing volatile organic compounds

(Volatile Organic Compound, VOC)

Carry out sampling for testing volatile organic compounds, with the following steps: a) during
sampling for testing VOC compounds,
latex gloves must be worn continuously, plastic or synthetic gloves must not be used;

b) when taking samples for VOC analysis, the sample should not be shaken to avoid aeration,
aeration of the sample will cause the loss of volatile compounds from the sample;

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c) when using a bailer (Figure 1):

10 Field parameter testing

"
1) do not touch the inside of the septa, open the 40 ml VOC vial and slowly insert the sample
into the vial until a convex meniscus forms at the top of the vial;
2) close the vial carefully and there should be no air in the vial; 3)
invert the vial and hold; 4) If
bubbles are visible in the vial, the sample must be replaced and a new sample taken.

NOTE VOC samples are usually prepared in two or three samples, depending on laboratory needs;
repeat sampling if necessary.

d) All vials are clearly labeled, if using clear vials, wrap them with
aluminum foil and store in a refrigerator.

NOTE If the groundwater contains residual chlorine add 80 mg Na2SO3 to 1 L of sample.

Testing of field parameters, which can change quickly, is carried out directly after sampling. These
parameters include; pH (SNI 06-6989.11-2004), temperature (SNI 06-6989.23-2005), electrical
conductivity (SNI 06-6989.1-2004), alkalinity (SNI 06-
2420-1991), acidity (SNI 06-2422-1991), free chlorine (SNI 06-4824-1998) and dissolved oxygen
(SNI 06-6989.14-2004).

11 Quality assurance and quality control

11.1 Quality assurance

a) Use contamination-free glassware. b) Use

calibrated measuring instruments. c)
Carried out by competent sampling officers.

11.2 Quality control

To ensure the feasibility of sampling, the ability to track all events during sampling must be
guaranteed.

Accuracy control can be done in the following ways:

11.2.1 Split example

a) A split sample is taken from one point and placed in a suitable container. b) The sample is
mixed as homogeneously as possible and separated into the two containers provided
prepared.
c) Both samples were preserved and received the same treatment during
travel and preparation and laboratory analysis.

11.2.2 Duplicate examples

a) Samples taken from the same point at almost the same time. b) If there are
less than five samples, duplicate samples are not needed. c) If 5
samples - 10 samples are taken, one duplicate sample must be taken.

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d) If more than 10 samples are taken, duplicate samples are 10% per group
taken matrix parameters.

11.2.3 Blank example

a) Media blanks 1)

"
are used to detect contamination in the media used in sampling (collection equipment, containers). 2) picking
equipment, at least one equipment blank must be available for each

twenty) examples per parameter group for the same matrix.

3) container, one of the containers to be used is taken at random then filled with analyte-free media and taken to
the sampling location. The blank is then taken to the laboratory for analysis.

b) Travel blank 1) Blank is

used if the sample taken is volatile.
2) At least one travel blank is prepared for each type of volatile sample. 3) in the form of analyte-free media
prepared in the
laboratory. 4) the blank is brought to the collection location, covered during
sampling and
taken back to the laboratory.

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Appendix A

b) Date of sampling. c) Time of

sampling.
d) Name of the Sampling Officer (PPC). e)
"
Parameter values measured in the field. f)
Required analysis.
(normative)

Reporting

Note on the quality assurance data sheet for each parameter measured and sample taken, the
data sheet for parameters measured in the field must have at least the following information:
a) Sample identification.

g) Sample type (e.g. sample, split sample, duplicate or blank). h)

Comments and observations.

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Appendix B

`
No. Well
No. Lab.

Well Owner
Address

Neighborhood/Village
Subdistrict
Regency/City

Construction
Well of the year

H
Dig well

D
p
:
:
:
:

:
:

:
:
:

`
h

H
p

D
"
(informative)

Example of field data sheet

Date
Officer's Name

X coordinate

Elevation
Y

Topo map no.

Scale 1

Type of Well

Pantek/drilling well Description

D
=

=
(m)

(m)

(m)

(m)
:
:

:
:
:
:

Well depth

Well height

Ground water level

Diameter

Field Parameter Data

Notes :

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Appendix C

Parameter No

1
2
3

6 COD

8
Acidity

Alkalinity

Boron

Total
Organic
Carbon

Carbon
dioxide

Oil and
Fat
container

P,G (B)
P,G
P

P,G

P,G

G, Mouthful
Wide and
calibrated
Minimum
number
of samples
required
(mL)
100
200
100

100

100

100

1000

-
"(normative)

Table of methods for preserving and storing groundwater samples

Table C.1 How to preserve and store groundwater samples

Storage Preservation Recommended maximum

Cooling
Cooling
Add
HNO3 until pH
< 2,
cooled
Cooling and

added
HCl until pH < 2

Analyze
immediately
Analyze
immediately
or
Add
H2SO4 until pH
< 2,
cooled
Add
H2SO4 until pH
< 2,
cooled
storage time

24 hours

24 hours
28 days

7 days

7 days

28 days
Maximum
storage time
according to EPA

14 days

14 days

6 months

28 days

28 days

28 days

9 Bromide P,G Without 28 days 28 days

preserving
10 Residual Chlorine P,G 500 Analyze 0.5 hours 0.5 hours
immediately

11 Chlorophyll P,G 500 In a dark place for 30 days 30 days

12 Total P,G 500 Added 24 hours 14 days (24

Cyanide NaOH until pH hours if there
> 12, cool is sulfide in the
in a dark sample)
place
13 Fluoride P 300 Unpreserved 28 days 28 days

14 Iodine P,G 500 Analyze 0.5 hours 0.5 hours

immediately

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Table C.1 (continued)

Parameter No

15 Metals (in

17

18

19
general)

Chromium VI

Mercury

16 Ammonia-
Nitrogen

Nitrate-
Nitrogen

Nitrogen
Organic, Kjed
al

20 Nitrites-
Nitrogen
P,G

Nitrate+Nitrite P,G

P,G

P,G
Storage
container

P(A),G(A)

P(A), G(A)

P(A), G(A)

P,G

100

200

500

100
Minimum
number
of

samples
required (mL)
-

300

500

500
"
Preservation

For dissolved
metals,
immediately filter
the water
samples, add
HNO3 until pH < 2

Cool

add
HNO3 until pH < 2

chill
Analyze
immediately or
Add
H2SO4 until
pH < 2,
cooled
Analyze
immediately or
refrigerate
Add
H2SO4 until
pH < 2,
cooled
Cool;
Add
H2SO4 until
pH < 2,
Analyze
immediately or
chill
Maximum
recommended
storage time

6 months

24 hours

28 days

7 days

48 hours

7 days

-
Maximum
storage
time according to EPA

6 months

1 day

28 days

28 days

2 days (28 days

if water sample
is chlorinated)
28 days

28 days

2 days

21 Phenol P,G 500 Cool; 28 days

Add
H2SO4 until
pH < 2,

22 Oxygen G Bottle BOD 300

Dissolved

Analyze - 0.25 hours

With
immediately
Electrode
8 hours
Method Titration can be 8 hours
Winkler postponed after
the
sample has acidified

23 Ozone G 1000 Immediately analyzed in 0.5 hours 0.5 hours

24 pH P,G - Immediately analyzed in 2 hours 2 hours

25 Phosphates G(A) 100 For phosphate 48 hours

dissolved

immediately filtered, cool

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Table C.1 (continued)

Parameter No

26 Salinity

27 Sulfates
28 Sulfide

29 Pesticides

30 VOCs

31 Aromatic

G(A)
P(A)
G(S)
compounds
and acroline
and acrylonitrile

Information:
Cooled at 4°C ± 2°C
P
G
P

P,G
Storage
container

P,G,

G(S)

G, Teflon line
stamp
-

100

40

1000
Minimum

: plastic (polyethylene or similar) :

glass washed with 1 + 1 HNO3
: plastic washed with 1 + 1 HNO3
number
of

samples

: the glass is washed with an organic solvent

"
required (mL)
Preservation

Refrigerate,
do not
freeze

chill
Cool; add 4

drops of 2 N
zinc acetate/
100 mL
sample; add
NaOH until pH
>9
Cool; add
1000 mg ascorbic
acid per
liter of sample if
chlorine is
present
Cool at 4°C ±
2°C,
0.008% Na2S2O3
customized
Cool at 4°C ±
2°C
Maximum

-
recommended
storage time

28 days

28 days

7 days

14 days

3 days
Maximum
storage
time according to EPA

6 months

28 days

7 days

7 days for
extraction; 40
days
after extraction

24 hours

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Bibliography

"
Eaton, AD, Clesceri LS, and Greenberg AE, (editors), 1998, Standard Methods, For the Examination of
Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition. American Public Health Association-American Water Works
Association-Water Environment Federation. Washington, DC

Freeze RA, and Cherry JA, 1979. Groundwater, Prentice – Hall, Inc., Englewood Clifffs, New. Jerseys.

Csurors, Maria, 1994, Environmental sampling and analysis for technicians, Florida.

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NATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGENCY - BSN
Manggala Wanabakti Building Block IV Fl. 3-4
Jl. Gen. Gatot Subroto, Senayan Jakarta 10270
Tel: 021- 574 7043; Fax: 021- 5747045; e-mail: bsn@bsn.or.id