Discursive Passages (10 Marks) Passage 1 | ‘Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions tha follow. | 1, Organic farming isa method of farming which primarily aims at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, a8 to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, acquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment. 2. Organic farming was being practised in India years ago tll the British ruled it. In traditional India, agriculture was practised using organic techniques, where the fertilisers, pesticides et., were obtained from plant and animal products: Organic farming was the backbone ofthe Indian economy. Ploughing was done by bullocks and cow dung was being used as manure. 3. During the 1950s and 1960s, the ever increasing population of India and several natural calamities led to a severe food crisis. As a result, the government was forced to import foodgrains from foreign countries. To increase food. security, the government had to increase food production, Several hectares of land were brought under cultivation. Hybrid seeds were introduced,Natural and organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical fertilisers and locally made pesticides were replaced by chemical pesticides. As time went by, extensive dependence on chemical farming has led to loss of land fertility. Pests are becoming immune, requiring the farmers to use stronger and costlier pesticides. Due to increased cost of farming, farmers are falling into the trap of moneylenders, who are exploiting them to no end and forcing many to commit suicide. Both consumers and farmers are now gradually shifting back to organic farming in India. It is believed by many that organic farming is healthier. Consumers are willing to pay higher prices for the ‘same. Many farmers in India are shifting to organic farming due to the domestic and international demand for organic food. 4, Further, stringent standards for non-organic food in European and US markets have led "0 rejection of many Indian food consignments in the past. Organic farming, therefore, provides a better alternative to chemical farming, Today more than 2.5 million hectares of land is under organic farming in India. Further, there are ovr 13000 certified organic farms in India. India, therefore, is one of the most important suppliers of organic food to the developed nations. The organic movement has again started in India. (1010) “Answer any ten of the following questions on the basis ofthe passage you read. 1. The aim of organic farming is to (a) keep the sol alive. (b) keep the soil in good health. (6) keep the soil wet. (4) Both (a) and (b) 2. Which of the following is/are used in organic farming? (a) Organic wastes (b) Beneficial microbes: (c) Biological materials (@) All of these 3, Which of the following lists the negative impact of inorganic farming? 1. Droughts ~ 2. Loss of land fertility 3. Increasing incidences of pests 4, Pollution of groundwater 5. Farmer deaths 6. Food adulteration (a)land4 (b) 2and3 (cS ands (a) 2and5 4, How can we say that Indian farmers practiced organic farming before independence? (a) The farmers used natural fertilisers such as cowdung. (b) Used pesticides made from animal products or natural. (c) Hybrid seeds were used. (d) Both (a) and (b) 5, Why are consumers willing to pay higher prices for organic produce? (a) Because they believe that such produce is healthier. (b) The organic movement has again started in India, (c) There is a rise in international demand for organic food. (d) There will be less exploitation of farmers by moneylenders. 6. Many farmers in India are shifting to organic fan demands. (a) domestic, national (©) domestic, international (d) domestically, intemationally 7. Which of the following will be the most appropriate ttle for the passage? (a) New Form of Nature Friendly Farming. (b) Replacing the Old Inorganic Agriculture. (c) Organic Farming- A Sustainable Solution. (d) Need to Replace Inorganic Farming. 8. Select the option that makes the correct use of ‘security, as used in the passage, to fil in the blank space. (a) Brady and his men paused after two rigid ss... inspections, (b) No matter what she said, getting him back meant financial... with it {€) Our personal sno femains constantly on high alert. (4) He soon returned to announce that he was unable to confirm anything via the internet social 9. Many farmers today are shifting to organic farming as (a) demand of organic food is increasing. (b) many non-organic food consignments were cancelled. (© chemical farming leads to loss of land fertility, (d) Allof these «roof over her head and everything that went along death records.10. Choose the option that incorrectly states the two meanings of'stringent, as used in the passage, 1. Hard 2, Strict 3. Firm 4, Flexible 5. Tough... 6. Rigid (a)2and3 (o)3and 4 (¢)Sand6 (4) Land4 11. What impact has extensive dependence on chemical farming created? 12. Why are many farmers in India committing suicide? Answers 1, (6) Both (a) and (b) 2, (0) Allof these 3. (0)2and3 4, (¢) Both (a) and (b) 5. (a) Because they believe that such produce is healthier. 6. (c) domestic, international 7. (c) Organic Farming- A Sustainable Solution. 8. (c) Our personal _ femains constantly on high alert 9. (d) Allof these 10. (d) 1 and 4 11. Extensive dependence on chemical farming has led to the following impact (@ Reduction of land fertity (ii) Immunity of pests has increased. (ii Cost of farming has escalated, 42. iningia many farmers are commiting suicide due to increased cost of farming and exploitation by the moneylendersCase Based Factual Passages Passage 1 Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Media and Entertainment (M&E) is a very wide industry and constitute segments like television, online gaming, animation and VFX, music, digital advertising, films, print and radio. It isa sunrise sector of the Indian economy as ach of its segment is making high growth strides and is expected to grow at a much faster rate than the global average + and is bound to prove its resilience to the other developed economies. M&E industry's growth is mainly driven by the digitalisation and immense usage of the internet over the last half decade backed by rising consumer demand and their changing lifestyles. The upcoming half decade is favourable to the industry's growth due to an increase in the use of digital technologies across the sector. (10 Marks) ‘Television (TV), print and films combined together hold Share of majrindusty segments (FY 2018) 80% of the market share of the M&E industry in India. The Firms 118 nation is having the second largest television market in the ‘Asia Pacific region in terms of subscribers and itis the Dene Rcinisenge largest contributing segment for the domestic M&cE sector. ‘Animation and VEX 5% In the FY 2018, it contributed 46%, which is almost half of Print 22%- ‘Gaming 3% the total market size in the industry. 00H 2% The launch of new regional language channels and Radio 2% digitalisation supported the segment and resulted in the Music 19 growth of a number of television channels. Though implementation of GST is likely to impact on the advertising revenue, a strong viewership backed by TV digitisation, Free to Air (FTA) and the free dish will support in continuation of the segment’s supremacy in the M&E industry in India. TV 46% The second largest segment of the M&E in India is the print industry, which accounts for a share of 22% . Although the growth rate was and will remain the lowest among all the segments due to increasing pressure from digital platforms and a weak advertising demand owing to implementation of the GST, but unlike global markets, newspaper reading trend has increased in India across all age groups, demographics and mainly among the youths as itis necessary for students aspiring for government jobs to read such material. A wide category of political and lifestyle magazines in the market like India Today, Outlook, Vogue, Femina and Frontline, etc are also attracting new readers to the segment due to the rich source of information. The Indian film industry is now the third largest segment of the M&E in India and is the largest producer of films all across the globe, with 400 production and corporate houses involved in creating and production of films. ‘The digital advertising, animation and VFX (visual effects), gaming, OOH (Out Of Home) and radio are some of the emerging and fast-growing segments of the M&E industry in India. Although the share of the market size of all these five segments is only 20% of the total market size of the industry, all these are moving with tremendous growth strides, especially the digital advertising which has grown rapidly. The Indian digital advertising market has emerged as the 3rd largest advertising medium after TV and print advertising in India and is projected to grow more, backed by immense growth of the internet penetration and data use due to smartphone growth, with the launch of 4G services and declining tariffs. Animation and VEX players in India are moving up and are seeing arise in the demand for animated content on the TV and film industry. The buzz of animated and 2D/3D movies, growing focus on the ‘kid genre’ with dedicated programs for this segment, there is a surge in animation and VFX in the advertising and gaming. Conclusively, the M&E industry is striking its growth phase and has a wide room for future growth due to growing smartphones and subscribers’ base, TV penetration, strong advertising demand backed by domestic consumption.tis because of the ability of customised advertising and wider geographies, social media and video advertising are growing faster. Further, another growth driver is the growing demand from untapped rural and local market, which is. attracting both the content providers and advertisers. Answer any ten of the following questions on the basis ofthe passage you read, (#10210) 1, Inthelline ......the ability of customised! the word ‘customised’ DOES NOT refer {a) tobe made in a new manner, (b) to be modified according to needs. (6) tobe changed according to requirements. (@) to take a new approach. 2. The Mand E industry is called the sunrise industry because (a) it has created many job opportunities. (b) it has led into a growth in the Indian Economy. (6) its various parts are still growing to reach its full potential. (d) it brought forward many new fields that can be explored. 8. The growth of the M and E industry results from {@) social media sites. (b) digitalisation and internet. (©) lack of market intervention. (@) government support. 4, Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the various parts of the M and E industry. Gaming 2.008 [aRedo a Fi SEconmerce) [6.Spons @156 (b) 234 (123 (a)456 5. Which of the following statement if NOT TRUE regarding the television industry? (a) The Television industry alone accounts for the 80% of the M and Eindustry. (b) The launch of new regional language channels resulted in the growth of a number of television channels. (€) India has the second largest television market in the Asia Pacific region in terms of subscribers. (@) Free to Air (FTA) and the free dish supports the segment’ supremacy in the M&E industry in India. 6, The growth rate of the print industry remains low because of (2) increasing pressure from digital platforms, (b) weak advertising demand. (©) introduction of GST. (@) Both (a) and (b) 7. The newspaper reading trend has increased in India mostly among {a) old people who have nothing else to do. (b) school students who have to prepare daily news. (© youth preparing for government exams. {(@) people in the fashion industry. 8, According to the data... accounts for the smallest part of the M and E industry. (@) 00H Music (©) Radio (@) VEX 9, The largest part of the M and E industry is (a) Print media (b) VFX (00H (@) Television 10. Choose the option that lists statement that is NOT TRUE. (@) The Indian film industry is the largest producer of films all across the globe. (b) There isa rise in the demand for animated content on the TV and film industry. (€) The Indian digital advertising market has emerged as the largest advertising medium in India. (2) M&e industry's growth is backed by rising consumer demand and their changing lifestyles. 11, What will help in the growth of the Indian digital advertising market? 12, What does ‘genre’ mean in ‘Kid genre’ in the second last para?Note making Examples Solved Questions Read the following passages carefully: Note making Example Passage 1: 1. A good business letter is one that gets results. The best way to get results is to develop a letter that, in its appearance, style and content, conveys information efficiently. To perform this function, a business letter should be concise, clear and courteous. 2. The business letter must be concise: don't waste words. Little introduction or preliminary chat is necessary. Get to the point, make the point, and leave it. Itis safe to assume that your letter is being read by a very busy person with all kinds of papers to deal with. Re-read and revise your message until the words and sentences you have used are precise. This takes time, but is a necessary part of a good business letter. A short business letter that makes its point quickly has much more impact on a reader than a long-winded, rambling exercise in creative writing. This does not mean that there is no place for style and even, on occasion, humour in the business letter. While it conveys a message in its contents, the letter also provides the reader with an impression of you, its author: the medium is part of the message. 3. The business letter must be clear. You should have a very firm idea of what you want to say, and you should let the reader know it. Use the structure of the letter—the paragraphs, topic sentences, introduction and conclusion—to guide the reader point by point from your thesis, through your reasoning, to your conclusion. Paragraph often, to break up the page and to lend an air of organisation to the letter. Use an accepted business-letter format. Re-read what you have written from the point of view of someone who is seeing it for the first time, and be sure that all explanations are adequate, all information provided (including reference numbers, dates, and other identification). A clear message, clearly delivered, is the essence of business communication. 4. The business letter must be courteous. Sarcasm and insults are ineffective and can often work against you. If you are sure you are right, point that out as politely as possible, explain why you are right, and outline what the reader is expected to do about it. Another form of courtesy is taking care in your writing and typing of the business letter. Grammatical and spelling errors (even if you call them typing errors) tell a reader that you don't think enough of him or can lower the reader's opinion of your personality faster than anything you say, no matter how idiotic. There are excuses for ignorance; there are no excuses for sloppiness. 5. The business letter is your custom-made representative. It speaks for you and is a permanent record of your message. It can pay big dividends on the time you invest in giving it a concise message, a clear structure, and a courteous tone. Q.- Make notes on the passage using recognisable abbreviations in any suitable format. Give a title to the passage. 5 Q.- Make a summary of the passage. 3Note making Example Passage 2: 1. Good decoration reflects the personality of the people who live in the home. It should, first of all, be distinctive, just as each person is distinctive. A home should have unity not only within each room but also throughout the house. Rooms should, to some degree, harmonize with each other. The colour and styling of each room, particularly, should fit into the colour and styling of the rooms which run out of it 2. Attractive home furnishings set the stage for pleasant living. If they are an expression of yourself, you will have a feeling of satisfaction every time you enter your home, and friends will share your enjoyment. 3. However, furnishings and surroundings expressive of just the right note of restfulness, gay informality, or elegant simplicity are not often assembled by accident. Even enthusiasm alone is not enough. For most home decorators, it takes poring over plans, trying colour schemes, finding ingenious ways to make the best of what you have, and shopping around to search out just the right purchases at prices you can afford to pay. But there is keen pleasure in striving for the perfect result, and great satisfaction in achieving it. 4, Asuccessful house and successful rooms will depend upon the proper relationship of each element in itto the others and to the whole. Therefore, in selecting each piece it is well to consider the background, the usage, the draperies, the floor covering, the upholstering materials, the woods, shapes, colour scheme, and the “feeling” you preter for the room. 5. Work and plan to enjoy your house. Limit the expenditures of time, effort and money to the extent of your abilities, so that just running the house doesn't dominate your life. Elegance and delicate things may be a drain you can afford only in a limited way. If you can't afford outside help, select a house and furnishings that require less care. Plan your activities so that tumult and upset are limited to a few rooms—an activity room or a bedroom, or a comer of the dining room. 6. You'll get more pleasure out of a house if you have a hobby connected with it—collecting glass. or antiques, gardening or indoor flower growing ceramics, art, cooking, decorating, flower arrangements, etc. And you'll get more satisfaction and a great deal of help from studying household activities. 7. You can select a pleasing combination of colours from a wallpaper, a fabric, an oriental mg, a flower or scene, or even a picture in a magazine. If you don't already have the furniture or mgs, it is a good idea to make up a colour scheme in this way. Let one colour predominate. Limi colour scheme to two or three colours, with white or gray tones. These points will help you: 1. Always choose colours that please you personally— subtle, calm colours if you prefer a restful atmosphere, intense colouts if you like liveliness and cheer. 2. Don't be afraid of colour. Experimenting on paper will give you confidence. (But remember larger batches of colour are more intense.) Try out various colour combinations, then live with them—look at them frequently before you actually start buying. 3. Colours should harmonize with furniture, draperies, carpets. Q. - Make notes on the passage in any suitable format. Use abbreviations, wherever necessary. Give a suitable title. 5 Q. - Make a summary of the passage. 3