SET-A

के न्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन, जयपुर संभाग

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, JAIPUR REGION
वितीय प्री-बोर्ड परीक्षा 2023-24
Second Pre-Board-2023-24
कक्षा/Class: XII विषय/Subject: भूगोल/Geography (029- Theory)
Marking Scheme
उत्तरकुं जी
SECTION- A
भाग – अ
1 B. Both are correct and Reason explains Assertion correctly. 1
2 C. 3 1 2 4 1
3 C. Entrepot Ports 1
4 A. Cultivable wasteland 1
5 C. Development – Quantitative and value neutral. 1
6 D. Sino-Tibetan 1
7 D.WTO provides funding to the global economies. 1
8 B. China and Rome 1
9 A. Mexico 1
10 B. London-Paris 1
11 B. All of these 1
12 B. 2 1 4 3 1
13 C. 1, 2 and 4 1
14 A. 2015-16 1
15 A. Underdeveloped Countries 1
16 D. Explosion in Population 1
17 B. In the second stage fertility remains high and is accompanied by a reduced mortality 1
rate.
SECTION- B भाग ब

18 18.1 1
 Poor health and medical services,
 illiteracy of people at large and
 inefficient distribution system of food and other basic necessities 1
18.2 Phase III
 The decades 1951-1981 are referred to as the period of population explosion in
1
India is called population explosion.
18.3
 an increase in the mean age at marriage,
 Improved quality of life particularly education of females in the country.
19 19.1 trans Canadian railways. 1
19.2 A. Vancouver B. Halifax. 1
 19.3 it gained economic significance because it connected the Quebec-Montreal 1
Industrial Region with the wheat belt of the Prairie Region and the Coniferous Forest
region in the north.
SECTION –C भाग - स
20 Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The 3
opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race,
income and in the Indian case, caste.
Productivity here means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human
work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people
OR
Four countries with high HDI are: 1.Norway, 2. Ireland, 3. Switzerland, 4. Hong Kong etc.
Reason for high HDI:-
1. Investment more in the social sectors (education, health etc.).
2. Good governance.
3. Free from political turmoil and instability.
21 The main features of modern towns of India (any three) : 3
1. Developed by British and European in India.
2. Starting their foothold on coastal locations they first developed some trading
ports such as Surat, Daman and Diu, Goa, Pondicherry etc.
3. The British consolidated their hold around three principal modern towns
Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai (Madras) and Kolkata(Calcutta) and built them in
British style.
4. Rapidly extending their domination either directly or through over the princely
states, they established their administrative centres, hill towns as summer
resorts and added new civil, administrative and military areas to them.
22 The three core points of the definition of human geography are: 3
1. Changing relationship between the unresting man and unstable earth.
2. The man is an active and unresting.
3. Emphasis on dynamism in relation.
Or
1. Introduced by Griffith Taylor.
2. Reflect the middle path between the idea of Environmental determinism and
possibilism.
3. Emphasizes solving the problems without damaging the environment.
4. It believe in the concept of Stop and Go determinism (any three).
23 1. Outsourcing is giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and to 3
reduce costs.
2. Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centres in
India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel, Philippines and Costa Rica.
3. Outsourcing is coming to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are
available.
4. Developing countries have IT skilled staff with good English communication skills
and are available at lower wages than those in the developed countries.
SECTION D भाग द
24. Plantation agriculture 5
 Introduced by Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics.
  large estates large capital investment, managerial and technical support, scientific
methods of cultivation,
 single crop specialization ,cheap labour, and
 a good system of transportation which links the estates to the factories and
markets for the export of the products.
 The French set up cocoa and coffee plantations in west Africa.
 The British established several plantations in different countries such as large tea
gardens in India and Sri Lanka, rubber plantations in Malaysia and Sugarcane and
Banana plantation in West Indies.
 Spanish and Americans invested heavily in coconut and sugarcane plantation in
the Philippines.
 The Dutch had monopoly over sugarcane plantations in Indonesia.
Some of the important plantation crops are tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil palm,
sugarcane, banana and pineapples.
25. High technology, or simply high-tech, 5
 the latest generation of manufacturing activities.
 the application of intensive research and development (R and D)
 Manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character.
 Professional (white collar) workers make up a large share of the total workforce.
 Robotics on the assembly line, computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing.
 Neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office-plant-lab
 High-tech industries which are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly
specialised are called technopolies.
 The Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle are examples
of technopolies.
 Manufacturing contributes significantly to the world economy. Iron and steel,
textiles, automobiles, petrochemicals and electronics are some of the world’s
most important manufacturing industries.
Or
(a) Public Sector Industries
 are owned and managed by governments.
 In India, there were a number of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
 Example – NTPC, BHEL
(b) Private Sector Industries
 are owned by individual investors.
 These are managed by private organisations.
 Example – RELIANCE GROUP OF INDUSTRIES. KAJARIA
(c) Joint Sector Industries
 are managed by joint stock companies or sometimes the private and public
sectors together establish and manage the industries.
 Example – OIL, Maruti udyog limited.

26. 5
 In order to arrest the accentuation of regional and social disparties, the Planning
Commission introduced the ‘target area’ and target group approaches to
planning.
 Some of the examples of programmes directed towards the development of
target areas are Command Area Development Programme, Drought Prone Area
 Development Programme, Desert Development Programme, Hill Area
Development Programme.
 The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Marginal Farmers
Development Agency (MFDA) which are the examples of target group
programme.
 In the 8th Five Year Plan special area programme were designed to develop
infrastructure in hill areas, north-eastern states, tribal areas and backward areas.

27. The composition of the India’s international trade has been undergoing a change over 5
the years.
 The share of agriculture and allied products has declined, whereas, shares of
petroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased.
 The shares of ore minerals and manufactured goods have largely remained
constant over the years.
 The decline in traditional items is largely due to the tough international
competition.
 Engineering goods have shown a significant growth in the export.
 China and other East Asian countries are our major competitors.
 Gems and jewellery contributes a larger share of India’s foreign trade.
 Machine and equipment, special steel, edible oil and chemicals largely make the
import basket.
 The equipment manufacturers of metals and machine tools were the main items
of capital goods.
 Other major items of India’s import include pearls and semi-precious stones, gold
and silver, metallic-ferrous ores and metal scrap, non-ferrous metals, electronic
goods, etc.
Or
India has trade relations with most of the countries and major trading blocks of the
world. India aims to double its share in the international trade within the next five years.
It has already started adopting suitable measures
 import liberalisation,
 reduction in import duties,
 delicensing and change from process to product patents.
 Most of India’s foreign trade is carried through sea and air routes. However, a
small portion is also carried through land route to neighbouring countries like
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

28. LAND DEGRADATION 5

 It is a temporary or permanent decloine in the productivity of land.
Measures for reduction of land degradation:
 Afforestation
 Proper management of grazing to control over grazing.
 Planting of shelter belts of plants.
 Control of mining activities.
 Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment.
 Proper management of waste-lands.
 Avoid over-irrigation, especially in dry areas.
 Avoid over use of fertilizers and pesticides.
 OR
Ganga, as a river, has national importance but the river requires cleaning by
effectively controlling the pollution for its water. The Union Government has launched
the ‘Namami Gange Programme’ with the following objectives:
• developing sewerage treatment systems in towns,
• monitoring of industrial effluents,
• development of river front,
• afforestation along the bank of increase biodiversity,
• cleaning of the river surface,
• development of ‘Ganga Grams’ in Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal,
• creating public awareness to avoid adding pollutants in to the river even in the form of
rituals.
SECTION E भाग ई
29. On the given political map of the World, the following seven features are shown. Identify 1x5
any five of these features and write their correct names on the lines marked near each
feature.
A. Sydney
B. Tokyo
C. Rio De Jeneiro
D. St. Lawrence seaways
E. Steppes
F. Mongolia or Central China
G. Velds.
For Visually Impaired Students In lieu of Q. No. 29(Attempt Any 5)
के िल दृवि बावित विद्यार्थडयों के वलए प्रश्न संख्या 29 के स्थान पर .(ककन्द्ही 5 का अंकन कीवजये )
A. Sydney
B. Tokyo
C. Rio De Jeneiro
D. St. Lawrence seaways
E. Steppes
F. Mongolia or Central China
G. Velds.

30. On the given political map of India, locate and label any five of the following with 1X5
appropriate symbols:
A. Marmagoa
B. Neyveli
C. Jamnagar
D. Bihar
E. Karnataka
F. Mumbai
G. Maharashtra
For Visually Impaired Students In lieu of Q. No. 29(Attempt Any 5)
के िल दृवि बावित विद्यार्थडयों के वलए प्रश्न संख्या 29 के स्थान पर .(ककन्द्ही 5 का अंकन कीवजये
A. Name a major Sea port of Goa- Marmagoa
B. Name the lignite Coal mine in Tamil Nadu- Neyveli
C. Name of An Oil Refinery located in Gujarat- Jamnagar
D. Name of the State with highest population density- Bihar
E. Name of the largest Coffee Producing state- Karnataka
F. Name of An international airport of Maharashtra- Mumbai
G. Which state the Ratnagiri iron ore mine located- Maharashtra.