India's Agricultural

Revolutions
Shortage to surplus
Indian Agriculture
Resources and responsibilities

Supports 18% Supports 15% of

of world global
population livestock
population

Receives
4.0% of global
2.3% of global 117% of global
fresh water
land area average
rainfall
Indian Agriculture
Diversity and ecosystems

48% irrigated area More than 300

crops cultivated

140 million
hectare net 15 Contributes
cultivated Agro-Climatic 18% to
land Zones GDP

Receives Employs 50%

50-3500 mm of the
annual rainfall workforce
Indian Agriculture
Leading the harvest, nourishing the world

Largest Producer
Milk | Pulses | Tea | Spices | Jute | Banana

2nd Largest Producer

Wheat | Rice | Fruits| Vegetables |Sugarcane

Among top 10 net exporters of agricultural produce globally

Export of US$ 50 billion (2021-22)

4.6% growth in agriculture sector in the last 6 years

Five Phases of Agriculture in India
Pre-Green Reforms and
Revolution Liberalization Amrit Kaal

1965-85 2005-2022

1947-64 1986-2005 2023-2047

Green Atmanirbhar
Revolution Bharat

Sustainable Promoting
Perspectives of Import
efficient Climate- Digital and substitution Public
agriculture in
and resilient secondary and export Private
Amrit Kaal inclusive agriculture Peasant
agriculture promotion
growth partnership
ICAR at Forefront of
Agricultural Revolutions
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Transforming agriculture in India

1 Research 3 Education

2 Extension
113 76 Agri
Institutes 731 Universities
Farm
Science
Centres
Green Revolution
Increasing food production

Timeline
1965-1985

Focus
Increase in agricultural productivity with
the use of high-yielding varieties and
input management

Key Areas
Wheat, Rice
Quantum Jump in Agricultural Production
350
Production Area
300 Record Production (2022-23)
Area (mha) & Production (mt)

250

200
Food grain
150 330.5 million
tons
Horticulture
100
347.2 million
tons
50

0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Production increased with constant net sown area

Productivity increased from 0.7 tons/ha in 1970 to 2.4 tons/ha in 2022
Genome Editing to Develop Climate Resilient Crops

Genome edited mutants of DST gene

in mega rice cv. MTU1010 showed Salt stress (200 mM) Drought stress (-70 kPa)
enhanced drought and salt tolerance MTU1010 Mutants
∆366bp
MTU1010 Mutants
∆366bp

MTU1010 Mutant

∆2bp
∆2bp ∆2bp

∆24bp ∆24bp

Drought (-70 kPa) Grain yield after recovery from stress

 White Revolution
Transforming India into major
milk producing nation
Timeline
1975-1995

Focus
Transformation of the dairy sector to
achieve self-sufficiency in milk production
through promotion of dairy cooperatives

Key Area
Dairy Farming
India’s Dairy Production
World’s largest milk producer

Total milk production of 221.1

million tons (2021-22)

Ten-fold increase in milk production

from 21.2 million tons in 1968
Blue Revolution
Transforming the fisheries
and aquaculture sector
Timeline
1980s onwards

Focus
Enhancement of fish and marine
production with sustainable aquaculture
practices and modern fishing techniques

Key Areas
Fisheries and Aquaculture
India’s Share in Global Fisheries and Aquaculture

2nd

4.1% 2nd
16.3
8%
Fish
Production

Trade Aquaculture
production
Production Production
(Million tons)
 Golden Revolution
Transformation in horticultural
sector

Timeline
1990s onwards

Focus
Enhancing production in the horticultural
sector

Key Areas
Fruits, vegetables and flowers
Golden Revolution
Fruits and vegetables
India Produces 347 million
Largest producer of banana tons of horticultural products
and sapota

Largest producer of cauliflower

Second largest
producer of onion India is the leading
producer of fruits and
vegetables in the world

Third largest producer

of cabbage
India’s Initiative for Promotion of Millets

India Proposed UN Declared

Largest producer
of millets in the Exported millets
world (12.5 worth US$75
million tons) million in 22-23

Fifth largest
Leading the exporter of
Millet millets in
Promotion the world
Accelerating Agricultural Research and Development
Spurring economic growth
India ranks 4th in publishing research papers
in Agriculture and Biological Sciences

Released 343 field crop

varieties and 88 technologies 20% reduction in greenhouse gas
for crop production and emission per unit food grain
protection in 2022 production

Released 99 high yielding horticultural Over 650 technologies licensed to 450

varieties in 2022 organizations in 2022

Established more than 170 agro-

Agriculture export earning of processing centers and 35 food testing
US$ 50 billion in 2022 laboratories in 2022
Empowering India's
Agricultural Education
Through innovations and skill development
Nation-wide Network for Agricultural Education

4 40
Deemed State Agricultural
University Universities

3
Central Agricultural

4 Universities

Central Universities
with Agri Faculties

15
Veterinary
Universities

3
7
Fisheries
Universities
Horticulture
Universities
Transforming Agricultural Institutions
Nurturing agri-leaders of tomorrow

Implemented virtual classrooms,

blended learning platforms, and
virtual reality experience centres
across the educational institutions
Reinforcing Stronger Roots
Endeavours to elevate agricultural education

Agricultural universities are nurturing

entrepreneurial spirit among
students through career
development centres

Equipping students with hands-on

experience, industry-centric skills,
and a culture of innovation and
entrepreneurship
Empowering Women
Encouraging women in agriculture

At the global
forefront with
women comprising
33% of its
agricultural
Promoting gender neutral machinery workforce

in agriculture with women-friendly

technology and boosting girls'
participation in agri-education

44.3% of
undergraduate
students are
women
Smart Agriculture 4.0
Enhancing sustainability and productivity
with data-driven decision making
Remote Sensing-based Soil Health Assessment
Digital soil health map for site-specific nutrient management

Locating the field

Remote sensing
based digital soil
fertility map Choosing
the crop

Advisory
for fertilizer

User-friendly mobile
App
Precision Agriculture
Resilient, efficient and smart

Drone
Stress mapping Variable rate spraying
imaging
IoT-based Intelligent Irrigation System

Sensors and IoT-based irrigation for enhanced

efficiency and sustainability
Gate Gateway

Soil moisture sensor

Nanaji Deshmukh Plant Phenomics Centre

‘Whole body’ scan of plants: Computer vision and AI-aided phenotyping for identification of
germplasm and genes for climate resilience

Rice & wheat

57 million genotypes with Developing
image data >25% higher human resource
generated from water use in AI-aided high
the sensors efficiency and throughput
nitrogen use phenotyping
efficiency
identified
Hydroponics
Urban farming made smart
Open and
closed
AI, IoT and loop type
Sensor-based system
automation

Popular among
youths and High value
entrepreneurs vegetables,
flowers and
nursery
Intelligent Modernization for Efficiency and Prosperity

Tractor production - India the world leader

Gender neutral machines

1000000

800000

600000
Robotic weeding
400000

200000

0
1960 1980 2000 2020 2022
Robotics in Agriculture
Revolutionizing agricultural mechanisation

Robots for energy

efficient economic
agricultural operations