EVIDENCE Syllabus Judge Gayle Angeli M. Recto Arellano University School of Law I. Preliminary Matters 1. Substantive vs, Procedural Law 2. Constitutional Basis of Rules of Cour (including Rules on Evidence) 5. 2019 Amendments: A.M. No. 19-08+15-SC effective Muy 1. 2020 1, Definition’ Meaning and Seope of Evidence a. Why do we need evidence? %. Why is evidence required? c. Kinds of evidence 3, As fo form ce As toque Kinds and Classification of Evidence Axioms of Admissibility |, Kinds of Admissibility Ong Chia v. Republic, G.R.No, 127240, March 27, 2000 Zulveta v. Cove of Appeals, G-R. No. 107383. Februsty 20, 1996 People v. Yatar, G.R_No. 150224, May 19, 2004 ating vs. Marcella, $19 SCRA People v. Salatranca, G.R. No. 175476, February 22, 2012 OCA y, Judge Lerma, AM, No, BTJ-07-2076, October 18, 2010 Uy v. Sps. Lacsamana. G. R. No. 206220, August 19, 2015 Tan v. Hosana, G.R, No, 190846, February 3, 2016 Miguel v. People, GR No. 227038, July 31, 2017 People v. Moner, G.R. No, 202206. March 05, 2018 People v. Sapla, GR. No. 244045, june 16. 2020 Nowarvo v. Comejo, GR, No, 263329, February 08, 2023 SCC Chemicols Corp. vs. CA. 353 SCRA ML. Rule 12! What Need Not be Proved 1, Tudigial Notice 2. Mandatory and Discretionary b. When to take judicial notice? + Adopted from the syllabus of Professor Henedino M, Brondlal for Remedial Law Review il with addhicnal topics and cases. 12. ‘Todicial Admission a. When ip theve judicial admission? Landbank v. Sps. Banal, G.R. No, 143276, July 20, 2004 People vs. Kulas, 262 SCRA Lauzesno v. Court of Appeals, GR. No. 114776, Februnzy 2, 2000 ‘Mlacquiling v. COMELEC, G.R. No, 195649, July 2, 2013 People v. Baberan, 639 SCRA People y. Jnjalani, G.R. No. 188314, January 10,2011 Republic v, Sandigenbayrn, G.B. No, 152375, Devembes 16, 2011 Ligh v, Poople, 767 SCRA 1 Bangko Scotra! ng Pilipinas v, Legespi, G Tan v. People, G.R. No. 218902, October Juan v, Jusa, 837 SCRA, Aug, 24, 2017 AV. Rule 130: Rules of Admissibility, 1, Object/ Real Evidence ‘No, 205966, March 2, 2016 2016 People v. Pagadian, G.R. No. 179029, Angust 12, 2010 Salas v. Matusclem. G.R.No, 180284, September 11, 2013 People v. Ranty Lim, G.R. No. 231989, September 4, 2018 POI Ocampo v, People, G.R. No. 194129, tune 15, 2018 Niaperos v, People, G.R. No. 250927, November 29, 2022 People v. Agno, G.R, No, 248049, October 4, 2022 People v. Clemeno, G.R, No. 215202, March 14, 2018 People v. Olaite, GR, No, 233209, March 11, 2019 People v. Mercury de la Cure, 802 SCRA, Sept, 7.2016 People v. Manuel De ls Rosa, Dec, 13, 2017 People y, Lazaro, 886 SCRA.Noy, 21, 2018 People v, Emmanuel Oliva, January 7, 2019 People v. John Orcullo y Sus, July 8, 2019 2. Documentary Evidence a, Expanded Definition of “documentary evidence” College Assurance Plan v, Belfant Development, GR. No, 185604, 22 November 2007 People v. Zeta, G.R. Na. 178541, 27 May 2008 St Martin Polyclinic, Inc. v. LWV Const. Corp. 847 SCRA. People v, Vibur, 858 SCRA b. Best Evidence Rule (now “Original Document Rule") 4 Exceptions fo the Original Document Rule ii ‘Secondary Evidence SL ——_Duplicates (under the 2019 Amendments)“-MCMP Const, . Monark, Nove, 10.2014 Citibank v. Teodoro, GAR. No, 150905, September 25, 2003 ‘Loon y, Power Master, Inc., GR. No, 189404, December 11.2013 ‘Dimaguila v. Monteiro, GR. No. 201011, Januazy 27, 2014 ‘Republic v. Mupas, 769 SCRA ‘Robinol v, Bessig, 845 SCRA Republic v. Sps. Gimenez, G.R..No. 174673, January 11, 2016 Heiss of Prodon v. Heirs of Alvarez, G.R,No. 170604, September 2,2013 Skunac Corporation v. Sylianteng. G.R_No. 205879, April 23, 2014 ‘Cepital Shoes Factory, Lid v. Traveler Kiel, Inc., GR. No. 200065, Sept. 14, 2004 Northern Mindanao Power Corporation v. CIR, G.R. No. 185115, February 18,2015 ‘MCMP Construction Corp. v. Monark Equipment Corp. .R. No. 201001, Novernber 10, 2014 ‘EDSA Shangsi-la Hotel andi Resort v. BF Corp. G.R. No. 145842, June 27, 2008 ‘De Vera-v, Aguilas, G.R. No, 83377, February 9, 1993 Heiss of Dela Cruz-v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No, 117384. October 21, 1998 ©. Parol Evidences Byidence of Wiitten Agreements Ortane2 v. Court of Appeals, GR. No, 107372. Fanvary 23, 1997 ‘Lapulapu Foundation v. Court of Appeals, G.R.No. 126006, January 29. 2004 Leoveras v. Valdez, GR.No, 169985. June 15,2011 Sps. Paras v. Kimwa Construction and Development Corporation, G.R. No. 171601, April 8, 2015 Sps. Abella v. Sps. Abella, G.R. No, 195166, July 8, 2015, PNB v. Pasimio, 769 SCRA ‘Mancol v. DBP. 846 SCRA. . Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC and R.A. No. 8792) - Treorporated in Section 4 of Rule 130 Heirs of Sebsnpan vs. Comorposa, 408 SCRA ‘Torres vs. PAGCOR, 661 SCRA ‘Maliksi v, Comelec, G.R. No. 203302 April 11, 2013 ‘Cadajas v. People, G.R. No, 247348, November 16, 2021 ‘People v. Manansals. G.R.No. 233104, September 02, 2020, RCBC Bankard y. Oracion Jr, GR No. 223274, June 19,2019 Angy. Republic,618 SCRA. People v_ Enojas, G.R.No. 204894, March 10, 2014 BBB v. AAA. GIR. No, 193225, February 9. 2015 Syhunliong vs Rivera, lune 4, 2014 Bartolome v, Maranan, 740 SCRA Astorga & Repol Law Offices v.Villanueva, 751 SCRA 3, Testimonial Evidence a. Qualifications: “one who can perceive, and perceiving, can make nown their perception to others”4. ability to observe’ perceive: observation si, ability to recall’ remember: recollestion sit, ability to relate’ communicate: communication b. Disqualificutions ‘. Mental Incapacity! immaturity (Section 21 has been deteted in the 2019 singndments) People v. Montietivo, GR, No, 193507, January 30, 2013 People v. Esugon, G.R. No, 195244, 22 lune 2015 Marcos v. Heirs of Andres Navarro, 700 SCRA People v. Golimlim, 427 SCRA People vs. Golidan, 850 SCRA $79, Jan 2088 © Lack of Hirsthand Knowledge Rute, previously “hearsay” People v. 222, G.RNo. 229209, February 12, 2020 People v. Esugon, G.R. No. 195244, June 22, 2015 Poople v. Ang, et. al.. GR.No, 231854, October 06, 2020 4 Marital Disqualifications/ Spousal Immunity (*agaénst” under the 2019 ‘Amtendments) Alvarez v. Ramizez, G.R. No, 143439, October 14, 2005 People v. CastaAede, G.R, No. L-46306, Hebruary 27, 1979 Lacurom v. Jacoba, A.C. No. 3921, March 10, 2006 ti Privileged! Communications 1,.-Mavital Privilege 2, -Attomey-Client Privilege 0, Baceptioas: i, Future crime-fraud exception fi, Claimants though a deceased client lil, Self-defense exception iv, Lawyer ag attesting witness Teint Clients Belen v. People, G.R. No.211 120, February 13, 2017 Samala v. Valencia, A.C. No, $439, January 22, 2007 3. Physiciaa-Pationt Privilege (now inchucles psychothernpists) Chan v. Chan, G.R. No. 179786, July 24, 2013 4, Priost-Penitent Privilege 5, Privilege of Public OffcenaAlmonte w. Vasquez, GR. No. 95367, May 23. 1995 6. Trade Secrets ‘Coooland v. NLRC, GR. No. 98458, July 17, 1996 ‘Air Philippines Corporation v, Peanswell, Inc, G.R. Ne, 172835, December 13, 2007 7, Other Privileged Matters 8. Section 10 of R.A. No. 10361, Batas Kasambahay (drivers not included, per Atienza v. Salta, G.R, No. 233413, June 17, 2019) Eagleridgs Devt. Comp. v. Cameron Granville Asset Managemeat, Inc, (Resolution of MR), ‘G.R. No, 204700, Nov. 24. 2014 Marcos v. Heirs of Navatro, G-R.No. 198240, July 3, 2013 4d. ‘Testimonial Privilege: Parental and Filial Privilege i. See also Article 215 of the Family Code ‘Lee v.CA,GRNo. 177861, July 15. 2010 Admissions ofa party = by third parties (S-29) = by partners ($-30) = by compirstor (5-31) by privies S32) a bysilence (3-33) taming v. Constantino, GR. No. 181508, October 2, 2013 Doldal v. People, G.R. No. 164481, September 20, 2005 ‘Cambe v, Ombudsman, 812 SCRA Dee. 6, 2016 ‘Ocainpo V. Ocampo, 30 SCRA ‘People v. Castaiieds, GR. No, 208290, December 11.2013 People v. Guillen, G.R_No. 191756, November 25,2013, i, Reg Inter Alioy Acta Alteri Nogere Non Debet People v. Gaudi, G.R.No, 146111, February 23, 2004 ii, Compromise 1. Rule in Civil Cases; Good Samaritan Rule 2, Rulein Criminal Cases: Exception ‘Tan y, Rodil Enterprises, GR, Mo, 168071, December 18, 2006San Miguel Comp. v. Kalalo, GR.No. 185522, June 13, 2012 Peuple v. Nazareno, G.R.No. 180915, August 9, 2010 San Miguel Corp. v. Kalalo, GR. No. 185522, Tune 13, 2012 £ Confession i, Judicial v, Bxtesjudielal Solapuddin v. Court of Appeals, G.R.No. 184681, February 25, 2013 Ladiana v, People, GAR. No, 144293, December 4. 2002 People y. Ulit, G:R. Nos. 131799-801, February 23, 2004 People v. Sayaboo. G.R. No. 147201. Januney 15, 2004 ‘Tanenggee V, People, G.R. No, 179448, une 26, 2013 People v. Dacanay. 807 SCRA, (2016) People v. Opiniano, 832 (2017) Cruz vs, People, 846 SCRA Conduct and Character People v. Sintos, G.R. Nod. 100225-26. May 11, 1993 People v. Nardo, GR, No, 133888, March 1, 2004 Republic v, Heirs of Aleiads, G.R. No, 146030, December 3, 2002 Metrobank v, Custodio, GR. No, 17380, March 21, 2011 People v. Pineda, G.R. No, 141644, Mey 27, 2004 h, Hearsay Evidence Rule Patula v, People, G.R. No, 164437, April 11,2012 People v. Aguirre, 845 (independently relevant statement) |, Exceptions to Mearsay 1, Dying Declaration (See, 38) People v. Montaez, G.R. No, 148257, March 17, 2004 People v. Palanag, G-R.No. 214453, June 17, 2015 People v, Calinawan, 817 SCRA 424 2, Statement of Decedent or Person of Unsound Mind (Sec. 39) 3, Declaration Against Interest (See. 40) Lazaro v, Agustin, G:R.No, 152364, April 15, 2010 People v. Bemal, 274 SCRA 4, Actor Declaration Against Pedigree (See. 41)Nepomuceno v, Lopez, G.R_No, 181258, March 13,2010 Tizan v. CA, 276 SCRA 5. Family Reputation or Tradition Regarding Pedigree (Sec. 42) Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 6 Common Reputation (Sec. 43) 2. Part of the Res Gestae (Sev.44) 8, Requisites b. Testsiin applying res gestae People y. Putian G-R. No, L-33049, November 29, 1976 Mamuiat v. People, GR. No. 190892, August 17, 2015 People v. Palanas, GR. No. 214453, Tune 17, 2015 People v. Dimapilit, 836 SCRA People v. Mercado 883 SCRA, Oct. 2018 8. Records of Regularly Conducted Business Activity (See. 45, formerly entries in the couse of business) PAL v. Ramos, G.R. No. 92740, March 23, 1992 Landbank v. Ofate, G.R-No. 192371, January 15,2014 9, Entries in Official Records (See, 46) Lao v, Standard Insurance, Inc., GR. No. 140023, August 14,2003 Sabili v. COMELEC. G.R. No. 193261, April 24, 2012 Standard Lnsurance Co., Inc. v. Cuacesma, G.R. No. 200055, September 10,2014 People v. Corpuz. 856 SCRA 610, 10. Commercial Lists and the like (See. 47) MERALCO v. Quisumbing, GR. No. 127598, February 22,2000 11, Lesied Treatises (See. 48) 12, Testimony or Deposition at a Former Proceeding (Sec. 49) People v. Ortiz:Miyake, GR. Nos, 115538-39, September 16,1997 Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152375, Dee. 13, 2011 Go-y, People, G.R, No, 185527, July 18, 2012 PCGG v. Gutiesez. G-R.No, 194159, October 21.201513, Residual Exception (See. 50) 14, Child Witness Rule People v. Ibanez, 706 SCRA Peopley, Esugon, 759 li, Opinion Rule 1, Expert Witness People v. Abriol, G-R. No. 123137, October 17. 2001 Bautista v, Court of Appeals, G.R, No. 158015, August 11, 2004 Avelino y, People, G.R. No. 181444, Tuly 17,2013, CCasurnpang v. Cosi G.R.INo. 171127, Masch |, 2015 Lavarez v, Guevara, 822 SCRA 130 2, Ordinnry Witness People v, Duran, G 8, No, 134074-75, January 16,2001 ii, Character Evidence People v, Deopita,436 SCRA 794 V. Rule 131; Burden of Proof, Burden of Evidence, and Presumptions 1, Burden of Proof v. Burden of Evidence Far East Bank Trust Company v. Chante, G.R. No, 170898, October 9, 2013 Republic v, Mupas, G.R, No, 191892, September 8, 2015 XXX y. People, G.R. No. 250219, March 1, 2023 2. Conclusive Presumprions Iban Rural Bank, Inc. v, Coust of Appeals, G.R. No. 123817, December 17, 1999 Alcaraz v, Alcaraz, G.R. No; 128568, April 9, 2003 Midsray Martine end Technological Foundation V, Castro, G.R. No. 189061, August 6, 2014 University of Mindanao v. PSP, 778 SCRA, January 11, 2016 3. Disputable Presumptions Rosarogo v, Soria, G.R. No. 194846, June 19, 2013 Heirs of Trazona v, Heirs of Canada, G.R No, 175874, December 11,2013 Diez v, People, G.R. No, 208113, December 2, 2015 Celedonio v. People, G.R. No. 209137, July 1, 2015 People v. ZZZ, G.R No. 229209, February 12, 2020 Georfo v. Republic. GR. No. 246933, March 6, 2023,‘Uy. Lacsamana, 167 SCRA © suppression of testimoay People v. Padriyone. 382 SCRA Metrobank vs. CA, 333 SCRA = official duty ‘De los Santos v. COA, 703 SCRA People v. Barte, 819 SCRA People v. Candidia, 707 SCRA = cohebitation People v. Edualino, 271 SCRA = survivorship: absence 4, Legitimacy or illegitimacy SSS v, Aguas, GR. No. 165546, February 27, 2006. 5. Presumptions in civil actions and proceedings 6, Presumption ageinst an accused in criminal cases Bursting babble approach Peaple v. Godoy, G.R. Nos, 115908-09, December 6, 1995 ‘VI-Rule 13%: Presentation of Evidence 1. Rights and Obligations ofa Witness Lee, Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010 2, Direct Examinstion and Cross-Examination a. Scope-of- Direct Rule v. Wide Open Rule b. Order of Presentation People v Fabre. 385 SCRA 3. Leading and Misleading Questions People v. Perez, GR. No, 142556, February 5, 2003, Pevple v. Tlogon, GR. No. 206294, June 29, 2016 4 Iinpeachment of Adverse Party's Witness Gaw v, Chua, G.R. No, 160855, April 16, 2008,People v. Castillano, G-R. No, 139412, April 2, 2003, 5. Impeachment by evidence of conviction or crime 6. Relerence toa Memorandum People v. Plasencia, G.R, No. 90198, November 7, 1995 Cangue v. Court of Appeals, GR No. 96202, April 13, 1999 7. Present Memory Revived People v. Plasencia, 248 SCRA B. Past Recollection Recorded Cangue v. CA, 305 SCRA Nowe: Former Section 14 sranspased 10 Setion 54 of 130 9. Authentication and Proof of Documents a. Classes of Documents |. Private v, Public wasawa v. Gangat, G.R, No. 204169, September 11, 2013 Asian Teimsinals, Ine. v; Philam Insuranee, Ine,, GR, No. 181163, July 24, 2013, Caybouell v. Carbonell-Mendes, G.R. No, 205681, July 1, 2015 ‘Nedlloyd Lijnen B.. Rotterdam v. Glow Laka Enterprises. Ld. GR. No, 156330. November 19,2014 Vicente T. Guerrero v. Pil, Phoenix Suvety & Insurance, Ine., GR. No, 223178, December 9, 2020 Republic v, Unebia, 0.8, No, 213346, February 11, 2019 b. Proof of Lack of Record Abbas ¥. Abbas. GR. No, 183896, January 30, 2013 8. Offer and Objection a. Striking out an answer b, Tender of Excluded Evidence ‘Westmont Investment Corp. v. Francie, G.. No, 194128, December 7. 2011 Aludos v, Suerie, G.R. No, 165285, June 18, 2012 Heies of Paseg v. Sps. Perocha, G.R. No, 155483, April 27, 2097 Catuira v, Court of Appeals, G-R. No. 105813, September 12, 1994 Bangayan v. People, G.R. No, 235610, September 16, 2020 Fortune Tabacco Corp. v. Com of Int, Rey.,.761 SCRA 173, 0Amoquis ¥. Ballado, 878 SCRA, August 20, 2018 VIL Rule 133: Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence 1. Overwhelming Evidence 2. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt People v. Patentes, G.R_ No. 190178, February 12.2014 People v. Caliso, G.R. No. 183830, October 19, 2011 People v. Arcenal, 821 SCRA $49 People v. Alboka, 856 SCRA 252 3. Cleur end Convincing Evidence Supreme Court v; Delgado, A.M, No, 2011-07-8C, October 4, 2011 Government of Hong Kong v. Olalia, G.R, No, 153675, April 19. 2007 People v. Fontanills, 664.SCRA People v. Cabiles, 827 SCRA Tan-andal 4, Peeponderance of Evidence Republic v. Mupas, G.R, No. 181892, September 8, 2015 Philippine Commercial Intemational Bank v. Balmaceda, G.R. No. 158143 September 21, 2011 De la Liana v. Biong, 711 SCRA Candao v. People, GR. Nos. 186659-710, October 19, 201! equipoise doctrine) 5. Substantial Evidence Punongba yan & Araullo v. Lepon, G.R. No, 174115. November 9, 2015 Ombudsman v. Reyes. G:R. No. 170512, October 5. 2011 ‘Ramos, BPI Family Savings Bank, GR. No, 203186, December 4, 2013, 6. Prima Facie Evidence ‘Lucas ¥, Lucas, GR. No, 190710, June 6, 2017 Estate of Marcos v, Republic 814 SCRA 600 ‘Marcos v. Cabrera-Faller ~ 815 SCRA 285 7. Probable Cause PNB ¥. Tela, G.R, No, 193250, Apeil 25, 2012 ‘Del Castillo v, People, GR, No. 185128, Jamuary 30, 2012 8. Circumstantial EvidenceFranco v, People, G.R. No. 191185, February 1, 2016 Monulat, Irv, People, G.R. No, 190892, August 17, 2015 People v. Anticamara, G.R. No. 178771, June 8. 2011 People v. Alolod, G.R. No, 185212, February 15, 2012 ‘Banag v. People. G.R. No, 201782, June 28. 2021 People vs. Deocampo, 666 SCRA Celedonio v. People, 761 SCRA 363 Bacetra v, People, 828 SCRA 525 Soverces 1. Seotion 6, Rule 7 of the Rules of Court. as amended by A.M, No, 19-08-15-8C 2, Rules 128-133 of the Rules of Court. as amended by A.M. No, 19-08-15-SC 3, Case lave 4, Insights on Bvidence (2020 Bidirion) by Chief Justice Diosdado M. Peralta and Associare Justice Eduardo B. Peralta B