OS Bonpocut arnomyasixoananua Ne 4 (1g) / 2015 Hayanoe nepwoanueckoe uaaanne Buxoaur 4 pasa sroa Yepeanrean m nanarery Poccuiicxaa axaxeuns myabixn uncennt Pecinntx Consererserao o perncrpauun IIH M ©C77:49575 or s6anpeaa sore, ataano Pockounaxsopont Pedaxyuonnvitcovem: BexoryponaJl.M. exaenii pedaxmop, xandudam ‘woxycomeosedenus, doyenm HmexruuaHl.A. — omeemcnsenniui pedaxmop AmGpaannwwoc P. —doxmop ucryccmeoeedenua, npogeccop Borprun HH. doumop wexycomeoeedenua, Twasposa HH. candudam ucxycemaoeedenus, HopororaE.A. — xandudam uenyccmeceedewun yTona M.A. xandudam ucryccmececdenus, npogeccop amen B.A. Boxmop ucrycemaoeedenua Ao6xosa IB. andudam ucrycemeoecdenua, doyenm Moprenurrepu ¥. — doxmop ucxycemeoseden npopeccp . Flamuna 0. Soemap enycemeosedn PyawnenxoT.C. — dexmop uceyeemeverdpag, npogecop Ausoin: A.Bacun Aocomun (uspusim Fruit Candy): M.Cassenno Bepemxa: B. Kyapauona Obpatomna vanocmpayut: B.Ecaxon Tloanncano » newar» 22.12.2015. Tlevars undponas. ®opuar 7oxi00 1/16. Yen, new. 2. 9,0. Tapax 1000 9x3, Ornevarano » OOO «Kaa6 Npunr> 127018, r. Mockea, $1 mpoeax Mapsunof Pou, 4.40, Kopn. 3 © Pocenficuan axagenn uyasixn uaenn FHecHnsse, 2015 ISSN 2304.5, Voprosy etnomuzykoznaniya (Problems of ethnomusicology) Sclentific periodical Published 4 tines a year Founder and publisher Russian Gnesin Academy of Music Registration certificate IH Ne ®Cr7-495r5 on April 26, zo1z Editorial board: Belogurova Larisa Nikitina Inessa Ambrazievigus Rytis Boyarkin Nikolay Gilyarova Natalia Dorokhova Ekaterina Engovatova Margarita Lapin Victor Lobkova Galina Morgenstern Ulrich Pashina Olga Rudichenko Tatiana Editorial address: Editor in chief, Pho, Associate Professor Executive editor PAD, Professor Doctor of Science, sor PAD, Professor PhD PAD, Professor Tloanuenoh una nee 10 Obnexninennen sMipecca Pocenyy. "” **7@20ry 1 800 y v3 SS COA EPKAHUE NAMATHBIE QATbI K 135-IETUIO CO QHA POKAEHUA K. B. KBUTKM (1880-1953) 6 Kaunenm Keumxa, Tlapnas daeiira. ThyGauxayua O. Topduenno PYCCKUM CBAQEBHbIN @ONbKNOP 54 Mapeapuma Enzosamosa Vannnauna xennxa B 3akaMcKoit cBagsoe 76 Jlapuca Beaoeyposa Cuporcxue necum cMONeHCKOM CBaAbOBI BapeabHOM Km0ue 88 —_- Hamansa Kysneyooa Moxeaupyiomas poms cBage6ubix KOHMENTOB B BepXHEOCKONBCKOH neceuuoii panna STUDIUM ANALYTICA 104 Exena Bepuununa «Tecnu 102kHIx yaMypTOB. Bum. 3» anronornn «Yamyprcknit oabKrop»: MpHHunnt cucremarusanHn o6paqonoro Marepuasa NONEBAA DONBKNOPUCTUKA 116 Taauna Tlobxoea, Aaaa TToasxoea, Enena Yepmenuna | Sxcneannun Canxr- Tlerep6ypreKoii KOHCepBaTopHn 2015 roma 3 Bepxnexamcknit vt @anéuckuii paitonst Kuposcxoii o6actu O530PbI, PEUEHSUN 136 Tamsana Koucmaumunoea Cepsesno 06 urponom 143 Hamm apropst 144 Annoranu SummaryNAMATHBIE DATbI a K 135-NETMWO CO QHA POXKAEHMA K. B. KBUTKH (1880-1953) 6 KMMEHT KBUTKA/ NAPHAS ONENTA Kaument Bacunbeams Kawrxa. 1928TIAPHAS OETA — es KaAMMEHT KBUTKA ot nyenuxatopa upeumyuyecrBenno noxemuyeckoro xapakTepa», «Hecymecrsennsie same- Heoxonsenuas crarsa «Ilapuan reli wanna nh Tonoay yerapesumx » Hacto- Ta» Gbita ony6nxosana B AByxToMHH- alee Bpemst paGor». Onuaxo, yayummp xe tpyaon K. B. Kaurxu, sbimegmem TakuM O6pasom KayecrBo Texcra, oH 9a a US TOAy HEB ABTOPCKOM UITOREHNM, HeROCTATKOM BpeMeHU He enor neve a.» penaxuuu cocrasurens nogauua, HO M3y4UTS aBTOpcKHe YepHOBUKH STO: 2THOMystixosena B. JI. Tomoncxoro'. paGorsi, xpanupumeca 8 MockoacKoit Tipu nosrorosxe craton x ny6anKa- Tocyaapcrsennoli oucepsaropun HM OH OcHOBaTeAbHO ce nepenenan: Mysce mysbixaabHoii xyastypn uMenit eeemegtaa bopmy, yerpaniia mHorue MH, Caunxn, u noToMy titan xoore CTMAMCTHYECKHE wepoxoBaTocTu, KHHCKMii TeKCT c MHOrOUNCeHHBIMH, cnearan «nanoxenne Gonee cxarsin norpemmocramu, ¥ bEInyxbiM>", ucrtpasua pax opdporpa- Hemaaywo vacte stux norpemno- usteckux u nynuryaunounsix ouu6ox, cre cooreonunie ophorpadayeckue MODAN HeHYaHELE, NO ero MieHHO, MODAN! — HcKaDKeHHA HasBaHHit Hace- parmenrer, «manonaxusie penakn ACHHBIX nyHKTOB, HeTOUHEIE HapomHELe : eaneeey TepMunsl, HeBepHBte uAMAHAAE UCTON- ‘Keunxa K. B. Wb pa Me pyAM: Ber. /Cocr, -HMtTeNeH H HpOCTO HempanHabHo Han 3.2, Fowoscent Migr, T-2.C. i650, canusie caoza, B uszainom Tomonckum : ny, Krome ona eraemuanre-TeKTe oKasauch u bakTonorHuecKHe Mom Tees nerounocra, » rom aucae HeKoppexr- 3 Kymopu » crarse Fowoscxnf onpanauinaa Pexaxruposau w nosroromseit x nevaTH caMit ‘FEM, WTO €e TexcT ene Guin OKOHWATEREHO OF anropome (Tau xe),Kaument Kaurea TarHAm @nEATA bie MepeBosb! HHORaBIUEBIX 6H6.HO- rpacH¥eckHX HCTOWHHKOB, ccbLIKa Ha HecyMecTByIOMIee HaqaHHe, HeTOUNDIE uurarst, OUMGOuHBIE CREHEHMA O KOH CTpykUWM HHCTPyMeHTOD H HX urpoBLIX BOIMOXKHOCTAX, B npeqmaraemom nepensqannn crarbH MCHpaaseHnb BbiABeHHBIe MO aB- ‘rorpacpam MorpeumocrH, Boccranoszen , psn KYMpoBaHHEIX cpparmenToss, pac- ulMpenia MamoctparuBHaa YacTs, ZonOs- nenHaa HenanannEimn dpotorpabusmn u noruposkamn (cm. TIpuxoxenne IV). MysbIKoBeqNecKoit mMTepatype napHolk breiroit HasbrBaetca HHCTpyMenT CaenyIomero BILTa (oro). Ou cocrour ua qayx tpaeitr HepasHoit ; ANMHBI, KaxkJlas U3 HUX MMeeT CBHCTKO- Boe yerpolicrao i «nanbiesbie> OTBEp-. crua (npu urpe To aaxpsipaiomueca NanbuaMn, To oTKpEIBaiomueca)®, Sayxu || WOBNEKAIOTCH U3 HUX HIM ORHOBpeMeH- Ho —TaK, 4To nomyyanoTca ABysByYH, — wan noposus. Tloapo6ie yerpolicrso , ., HucTpyMenta GyeT BEIACHEHO B CRASH ¢ KpHTHKoMt onucaHui ero H uMeIOMUXcA.* B aMTepatype u306paxennit, Tlapnyto aettry cxenyer onmuuars orapycrsonsHolt aeiirot Tana, sazoxy- MeHTHpopanHoit y pycckux » Bpaxicxom Patione Gime Opnoscxort ryGepunn, arakxe oT aBycTBONBHOH daeiiret C am6yunopHima npucnoco6renus- Mu, cymtecraytomeit B npegenax CCCP Yauropues (Hs0GpaxeHne cM. B KHHTE 4 Camaie xpymunie ua nix auinecenat » TIpi ‘OMenHe, OcTanbHMe NoMeMeHL BTeKeT HAN Toxerpounsie npumevania, Cusro rpaduueckoe prizenenne HexoTopbix BHeceHHBIx TouroncKum B lepBoe uaqanne crarbu HcrpaB- AeHnik, HOCKOABKY OHO He ABIRETCA akaqemuueckoit ny6anKauneit Texcra Keureu. Mo Toit xe npuunne npasKa TexcTa He OTMeyeHa HB npeqnaraemoiit PenaKunn, omnaKo Bce 3acayxuBaio- MMe BHMMaHMs HcnpasxeHua oropa- PuBawTca B KOMMeHTapuax’, Takum 06pasom, Hacrosmee uananue crareu K. B. Kaurxn senaetca ucnpaszen- HBIM 1 ONOTHEHHEIM. O. Topduenxo Napwan dneitta ©. B. Bapanona ua a. My. ~ KMHWun Kpachunckoro p-wa CmonencKol ©6n. Konnexuwa HUHM MEK. Crpenku ykasbleaot Mectononoxenne TpeTbero Wrposoro orsepctus Ha npornsononox- HoH cropone craona (Conia wa xommenrapan, nomeuentite nocne craroat K. B. Katxn 4 nprzoxennfl, xa1ore Toayaupnsia mpHdprom ¢ noxvep xi Mpunes ped.3HOM ko- 3yKH eH- 4, — BO 3M (axca Tb oky- ‘om un, re Ipu- ter Man G.L OpoUenKo Napnaa dneitta ©. B. Bapanosa 3 a. Jly- kunwun Kpacuuuckoro p-Ha CmoneHcKoh o6n. Konnexyna HUHM MIK. Crpenku yKa3bIBaloT MecTononoxeHne TpeTbero “rpoBoro oTBepCcTHuA Ha npoTuBononox- HOW CTOpoHe cTBoNa Ccpiakn Ha KOMMECHTApHH, momenleHHpie mocse craton K. B. Kautkn u npuroxennit, maioTca NoryAUpHLIM MIpPHdToM c NoAYepKUBaHHeM. —TamaruMe ath 9. Taiicra® up KomnuaaTHBHol cratbe B. Aroama’) Pemawouiee orauune napHoit paeiirst or cbaeiir, uMenyemntx npycTBonBHDIMH, COcTONT B TOM, ¥TO B napHoit ¢patelire cymectayior Goxopnie oTRepcTust. B o6eux ayaxax w306paxennoit anech pyccxoit napHoil ¢belira: ume- woTca NpucnocoGreHHa 214 BayBaHHa, Haanane stax npucnoco6aennit 2 CBUCTRKOBOM ycTpoiicTBe HeO6a3a- TEABHO, ORHAKO KAK ETA THMO- Aormueckaa — 9TO MpusHaK UMeHHO pyccnoii® mapHoit aeiirst. Crsoms paciire: Mana cxpenamorca napas- AeABHO; pyccKam Ke NapHas dbaciira AepRUTCH MPH Urpe TAK, YTO HUKHHE Konnut pacxogatcs. Stor ornuaHTenb- Bait pusuax He aBAKeTCA O6MUM AIA Bcex Bugos napHolt dbaciirs1. Hao6o- POT, m0 caogxe, cnenannoii K. 3axcom, ® pasuux cTpanax natu uacreii crera cymectayior «n10THO napastersHO caazanusie napst dbaeiir» (Engparallel verbundene Flétenpaare), u on, cyaa Mo soit cBoaKe, pacnpoctpanenst Goabme, vem pacxogamuecs?. Tipucsoenne wassanua «napHas> uH- CTpyMenry, cocroameny ua aByx dbaeiir €Troxocopsimu oTBepcTHAMM, H NPHCBO- euMe Haspanua «qBycTBOAbHAA» Mpo- crefimeti us daetir Mana —en0 uncro yenonuoe. Takoe cnonoynorpe6nenne 6 Geist. Antikes und modernes im Litaulschen volkslied, Kaunas, 1940, 8.4 7 Aanun B. Mysuixa » npuGantuticxnx pecny6ane wax // Conereran uyauixa, 1940, 4 9,C. 78, 8 (Carona, suigenenusie » opnrviansnon rexcre (¢raren paapaaxol, »AunvoA nyGaNxauinn or- ewenni noxwepaavannen, — Mpuner. ped. 9 Herounne K. Kuwraof yraaan nnwe (em. €.14 act, Wax). Heeren » auay: Sachs C. Gelst und Werden der Musikinstrumente, Berlin, gag, 5.26.~ pune. B, Powoecxore YeraHopusOcy BANTepaType, H HeT npy. MMH ero HaMeHATD. Ma mecrusix pyccxux naspanuii uy. Ctpymewra nauGoxee xapaxtepunim ap- JWETCH Haspanne «poiuaTKa». XoTA ono Mano pacnpocrpanenio, npegcrapaserca YAOGUBIM 4 Yerecoo6pasusim BBecTH €ro B aMTepatypy B KayecTse HayyHoro Tepmuna. 1. SKSEMMMAPBINAPHOA OnEATEI, XPAHALIMECA MAM XPAHMBLIMECA B FOCYAAPCTBEHHBIX Y4PEXAEHHAX CCCP B uaganu Bcecowssoro goa napor- Horo Taopyectsa umenn H. K. Kpyn- cKoit «Ilepsas Bcecowsnas sbicrasxa MYSBIKAAbHBIX MHCTPyMeHTOB Hapoqo CCCP: Nyresogurean» (M., 1938)" 1a ¢. 39 B rpynne «Benopyccxue uncrpy- Meurst» nog Ne 2 sHayarcs «yak — napnaa cpuctKonas ¢aciita> (un. Ni 62) una c. 42 B rpynne «Pyccxue wucTpyMentor mon Nb 23 1 Ne 24— «dlyaxu — napnas cpucrkonaa ¢preitra» (uit. N 31 Ne 209)". B KaGunere napoanoit myabixit Mocxoscxoit rocyzapcrnennoit xoucep- saropuu! xpaarca TpH skseMnispa napHoit cpelirsr 13 CMoneHcKoit o6212- CTH, MMenHo: 10 ‘Buicranxa Guiza yerpoewa nox pyxosoacTsoM ‘mpodeccopa B. M. Bennena, u Tockossny co6panniie aan sicranen wt expynenru soanpauten oxcnonerran te Sutan, wx nepeaaan Mysew uysuiraasnoh Kyautypu npn Mockoscnoh rocysaperaet NOW koweepuaropun (unine~ Lewrpast tui uyaeM uysuinanauon xyasrypu nn. Ml Prise, ~ B:7)-0 napnon rere uiaa waeaewa enpanva no autran wy>eh Wonaaeaocn, ro nox N Or auauieTen He ‘apwas, oxnounan ayaxa,Kanment KaurKa TarHas @nEHTA 1. Sksemnaap, sanucanusrit p uuneH- rapnywo kuury KaGunera og N? 26-a. Dro equHcTBeHHbIit aKsemnAAp Ho ‘Tpex, HaxonMBUIHiica B ynoTpeGae- HMM Tleped TEM, Kax Obi MpHoGperen ans HayaHelx ueselt, MsroTosit ero vw urpas Ha Hem Yanan A6pamos 13 anepesun AGoronse JyxonmuncKoro paitona (poro 2). 2, Sxsemntap uns. Ne 26-6, caenau- unit qa KaGuueta 8 aprycte 1940 roza a nepenne JIyxunuun KpacuuncKoro paiiona Tamommum urpenom ®. B. Ba- paHoBsim. 3. Sxsemnasp unp. Ne 26-3, kynren- nutii p Cmouencke wa Saqvenposcxom PHIHKe y KHTENs TOM Ke AepeBAH Ilneena Bacuana Oununnonisa unc mpanzenntit B Toi Ke epeBHe yroms- nyrbim BapaHopbim 8 IpHcyTcTsum oTna B. ®, Ilueesa— ©. I. lueena. Ha nocrosnHoii seicrapKe npukaay- Horo M JeKopaTuBHoro HcKyccTBa mp CmonencKom o6s1acTHoM mysce (B onHOMt yeamb6e c xyOKECTBEHHEIM OTAEIOM 2TOFO Myses) B 1940 TORY MMETHCE 9K3EM~ Mappt «napHerx caupexeit». IcKM3, BbI- 2xuraHne H pocnHce xyqoxHnxa A. TI. 31 Hopbesa (oKox0 1912 ropa). B CmonencKom mysee xynoxkecraen- Hit MpOMBIMIEHHOCTH B 1940 Tony, KOT ero OcmMarpunan, Haxonuanch 6oraTo opHaMmenTHpopaHHble 9ksemnApst ampoiinerx cpreitr, Harnyxo cKpenicHHBIe MeTanAMNeCKHMM OpHAaMeHTasIbHEIMH cKpenamu co crapHHHbIMH MoHeTaMH Ha cpeaMHe cKpenbi; H Ha aTHKETKAX ToweMy-To He ObL10 O6BACHEHO, 4TO HH- CTPYMeHTBI 9TH HSFOTOBAATUCS C HUCTO aekopaTuHolt WerBI0 H He MpeaHasHaya- amc ana urpst. O6 aToM cneayeT npeny- Mpegur Ha caysait, ecau nogo6uie SKSEMMAPbI KOMY-HUGyAb NOMapyTcA. 2 Tlapnan dneiira* ¥.A. AGpamona (1873 r, p.) wa a. AGonowbe Ayxoauynn- ‘ckoro p-Ha CMoneHcKoi o6n. KonneKunn HUHM MIK. Crpenkn ykasbisatot MecTo- nonoxeHMe TpeTbero urposore oTsepcTHA Ha npotHBononoxHod cropone creona TlogoSnuitt unerpymen ¢ wepuensin xopnycom — «epunte ayaowxu (no nape ceupeneft)» — yno- huutaerea » «Peacrpe» Merpa I, cocrasnennom Bimgr. xcnaab6e H. M. 3orosa.10 —_<—<—<—= NamatHME QATH 2. WCTOPMA W3Y4EHHA PYCCKOA NAPHOM ONEATEI (qgonyatKn) Hackoasxo mue uapectio, nepaoe 10- cToBepHoe coo6mjenMe o pyccKoii map- Hoit paeiire, ucxoqupuiee OT MecTHOTO 2KUTETA H MMeBUICce TOUNO yKagaHHDLi anpec, conepaurca B pa6ore: C. Pasymu- xun. Cexo Bo6ponxu 1 oxpyxuntit ero oxoxoTor, Tsepcxoit ry6epuun Paxes- Koro yeana". Coo6menne sto cammxom KpatKoe. Topasqo Gone o6croatenbusie caenenun 06 sToM MHCTpyMeHTe HaxomaTCa B 6Onb- wow tpyze: H. H. Tpusanos. Mysnixans- Mle AYXOBBIC MACTPyMeHTEI pyccKoro napoga. U. 2: Caucramme nucrpymentst. Ta. XP. Caeayer npusuars omuGounnin cya: Aenne [pusazona, 4r0 «nepssim Hacto- amMM onucaTexem ABoiiHDIX reli Ha Pycu apaserca <...> zoKTop M. rorpu, Romectusuiuit 4 pucyuKu HACTpymeHTa 3 cpoeit “Diss sur Da) rs ‘Stuorpadpuvecxnd eGopunx, Bun. .CI6,, 1858. C. 269, s Samncun Oraexenua pyecKoh n caanancKon speeoxornn Huneparopenoro PyecKoro apxeonormvecxoro o6utecrea, T. VILL, Buin, CM6.,1909. C. a42 waanee, “ Matthew Guthrie (Meru Fézpu) 6ua mormanaeu, mean, cocromus nt pycexon cayabe a Merepoypre, Bccuuntan ue nee Pabory a pyccxon nnreparype mepanh ox ont XIX nena dannannorn heperocnre cx ae Tyrpu wan ferpn, Bono pee Mpsunassnon anreparype cro paren aus Fert, u Componente pce Myouteoneaulnporsnocer eee yatpenn ta te — Ta, nae cca Out on Carn opus, Mpowexoanr ra omnéna, vena an Toro, sro renepee saraaauiouors coy ene as rmteotaacien, wo ont ant eat Taina nepenesena (ne abvopow raya aan) 8 Gpanuyacant saute, Ooo Guthrie mo-pycenn ea nanpowanouennnce nepeow enores les ant de Russie”, S 1795 r.»'82 Mao6paxenna us xuuru M. Darpis, nocnpousnegenusie B rpyze [puzanong Gea Bcaxoit xpuruxu, He NOATBEpKAaIoT ‘Toro, wo Tarpu 6n12 «wacroamum onm carenem». Ou cyenanei rpasepom api He ¢ HaTyps1, ano ykaganuam Parpu, (Hexoropsie xecoo6pasnocru uso6parxe- unit y Tarpu 6pocaworca B raasa qaxe 6e3 CAMMEHMA C CyWIECTBYIOMMMH B Hactos- mee Bpema pycckumu qBoiiuarKamn.) To omHomy u3 aTHx Hs06paxeHHit, ronoco- Bole (itHa¥e HasbInaemBie masBi{eBbIMH) orsepcrus mpogenbipanuce Ha Gone AaMHHOl cropoHe AyAKM — xuHeBOH; nO Apyromy uso6paxenuio, 97H orsepcrus Mpoyexbipanuce c npoTuBonoOKHOH cropoust — TsrnbHOI. Menaypa ¢reiir Ha Tom uso6paxe- HMM, Te UX Aep»UT urpaioulAii oHoMa, AbHO He cooTBeTcTBYeT Mensype drei, u306paxeHHBIx B OTRETBHOCTH, 6e3 urpena. TIpu camuenun xe ns06paxennit 3 xuure Tarpy c nosqnedimMmu 130- Gpaxenuamu B Tpyze IIpunanona uc 9x SeMIApaMH, JOGEITEIMA B 1940 Tony ¥ xpanauamuca a Ka6unere naponuoit Myobixn MockopcKoii rocynapcraeHHoit koHcepsaropuu, o6HapyxuBaioTca cxe- aAyioume Hecoorsercraua: 1. B npeacrapnenusix y Tarp u20- Spamennax orsepcrua qa saypanua conepmienHo oTKpsITEI; B us06parkeHHaX 5 Mpweasoe H. H. Myssxaasume ayxonuie ni tpywenrat pyecKoro uapora. 4.x: CancrauMe uctpywentat // Sanuckn Orgenenua pyccKoll .caanaucKon apxeoxornn HuneparopeKoro Pycexoro apxeonorveckoro o6ujecrsa. T. VIIL Bun, 2. CII6., 1909. C. 246, 6 Guthrie M, Dissertations sur les antiquités de Russie. Saint-Petersbourg, 1795. Cu 8 nan ETPaTHBKON npuroentn K KuMTe Ha nep2Om *Tperien mexaamuix anerax picyHnit§H20-W —_—_———— Kawment Kura TAPHAR @REATA axe u3 pa6orst Ipupaxona (kak 4 B cospe- MeHHBIX SKSEMMIApax) SaslenaHbI «NyH- TOM» c OCTaBJIEHHEM y3Kolt wesTH. 2. Kpupoit cpea nepxnux KoHuOB o6e- ux aeiit, wMeoumxca B KaGunere, cre- Jali TaK, 4TO OT NepponayambHoro cpega (nepnenauxyzapHoro ocH HAM caesaHt HOTO NOM TOpasyo MEHbUIHM YF10M K OCH) OcTaBAACTCA YACTS, COOTBETCTBYIONIAR npuGausHTenbHO ORHOH TpeTH — oRHOI ueTBepTH OKpy>xKHOCTH. Meany Tem, 10 Tarpu, Kpusoii cpes mpujaer BepxHemy KOHILY AVAKM OCTPOKOHEUHy!O bopmy. Ha pucyuxe y Tarpu o6e zyaKu caaga- HbI MCKAY BEPXHUM KOHIOM M TasibyeBBI- mu orsepcTHamn. B aeiicrauTenbHocTn. OHM CBABBIBAIOTCH OBOBHO MHHBIM mHypoM y HWKHUX KOHNOB. [yp TaKoit JUIMEBI, 4TO MaKCHMaJIbHOe pasyBHKe- HH€ HWKHMX KOHUOB OKOJIO 21 CM. 3. Uucxo ronoconerx orseperuit Ha PUCyHKe — no TpH Ha Kax oH AyAKe, ¢ mepeaneit croportr; B relicTBUTERBHO- i cru xe — no apa. 4- Ha nporusononoxHoit cropone (xax noxasbinawor u na06paxkenne y TIpu- Basloba, M KOHCTPyKIMM BCEX BHJJCHHBIX MHOW qBOlvaTOK, BKMOWAR XpAaHAMMecs 3 Ka6unere) umeetca no onnomy oT- BepcTMNO, Ha HIO6paxeHUAX rKe BKHTE Tarpu TbiabHoro orpepcrua He BUAHO Bonce. Tax xax Tpu us06paxenua xnoituar- xuy Tarpu ne coorsercrayior apyr Apyry, MpaBHsbHee OTBEPrHyTb JOKYMeHTANb- Hoe sHaeHne 9THx H306paxKenuit BoRce, eM NpeAnonaraTb, YTO KOHCTPyKTMBHBIC IpHHUMMBI B TeveHHe cToneTHA, IpO- meamero oT spemenu pa6orsi Tarp 0 apemenu paGorst IIpunavona, MaMeHH- auc, Tarpu ne ykasan B Poccum mect- Hoctelt, re Gprropaaa gpoituarKa.! On nasbipas napHyto dpaeiiry «gelaika» (ove- BUAHO, HCKArKEHME CORA oKaseliKa»), Zo cux nop we noxrnepxnaerca, 70- 601 rne-HnGyqb KkaneiiKolt HasbIBanace aeoituarka, CymectBylot AByCTBOAbHBIC sKazeihKn, 4, BePOATHO, OTCIONA LpoH30- uLI0 Henopaaymenne. Hexoropsie cneaenns 0 anoituarke Mbi HaxOnMM B pa6ore H. unzelisena «Ouepku mo ucropun myabixn B Poccun c apesneiimx spemen zo konua XVIII nexa»”, Tog uso6paxennem qsoiiuarKit ua xuurn Tarp aptop noanucan «xa- aelika» w 6e3 ronopku 3aMeTHA, TO «Gonee mpaBusrbHoe HaMMeHoBaHne... ycranosua H. H. Tipmpaon» (c. 205) Dro HeynauHas dopmysupoBKa, 13 KO- Topoit UHTATEMb MOXET 3AKMOINTS, YTO «oxaseiika» — Tooke MpaBytbHoe HasBa- Hwe qBoiiuaTKH 1 4TO B Hapoze TaKoe ee HaspaHue cymectBopazo. B ynomanytom tpyae H. IIpupazosa Wa c. 250 (puc. 139) #306paxeH 9K3eM- Tap ABoiiuaTKM, BbIBeSeHHBIiK B 60-x TO- nax XIX nexa 13 Cmonexcxa. B onmcannn conepxurcs Taxoe Meco: «lyptte 65110 CkomleHo, H BTymKa BCTABNANACE BOT- KOMOTY}O Nlo AAMHE men, Gyay4H NOTOM nepenasana (nlomepex crBona) HUTKOW. Tak kak o6e cpupeau yxxe nopaz04H0 PACKOAOAHCe M0 AIHHE, TO OHM TAKKE 651M MepenasaHet HUTKOI B HECKOABKHX MecTax», 970 omMcaHHe HescHO M HaBo- ANT Ha Mic, ¥TO 3ecb HemOpaayMeHHe. Tog sryaxoit cnexopaso 651 nompasy- MenaTs MpoGky B HaKOHeUHMKe, BCTaB Jenny! cormacHo KoucTpyxTuBHOMy Mpunuuny A18 ynpomenna asyKonsBne- MeHMA, a He KycoueK nepepa, BcTaBIEH- Hbiit cxywaiino B mopaake pemonta. Ha ” @undeisen H, &, Ovepraeno neropun nyaiien Poccun ¢ apeanefiuinx apemen 0 KoNua XVITI nexa, TI. Buin. 1. Ms JI. 1998, C, 205-206.12 —$$—————— Tamatahms qaTM u306paxkeHuH BUNA H BTyJIKa (B CO6- cTBeHHOM cMBICne cnoBa) — KpHBasi (Ha Gonee KoporKoii tpaciire), u npamoyrons- Hott Kycouek, BcTaBreHHBtit (ONeBHAHO, B NOpayKe peMOHTAa) B BepxHHit KOHELL Gonee anuHHoii u3 apyx dbrelir. [epe- BA3AH HMTKOI Nonepexk CTBOMa HMEHHO 3TOT Kycouex", onHAKO HacToRmas BTya- ka" HUTKOit He Mepesagana. Taxum o6pasom, B pa6ory Tpu- BanOBa BKpanacb Bpeaaa nyTanuua. Tipuxoautea comasers, 70 akseumaap, w306paxeunuiit y [IpHpanosa, — pemon- Tuposannniii u cHa6xeH KoMMeHTapHeM, B pesyaurare KoToporo y uuTareneit MOMET CHOMUTECH IpeACTaBeHHe o cay- ‘aitHoli zomeuxe Kak 0 HeoTBeMseMoit ‘4acTH KOHCTpyKNMH — BaumOMel u Ha SBYKOBEIC BOSMOXHOCTH HHCTpyMeHTa, Apyroe uso6paxeune (puc. 141) ne Meer HeqocTaTKa, KaKHM CTpagaeT mpe- AbULyMee, Ho OHO NpeaCTaBaKeT pasyKpa- MeHHBIe AYAKM He TOATHHHO HapoqHOrO Mponcxoxsenus. Tpuzanos nponasogusa cBoe uccreno- Banue B Ilerep6ypre, ne spieaxaa B CMo- AeHcKyI0 OGnacTs. Bmecte c H3BeCTHEIM Opranusatopom opKectpos HapomHBIx uuctpymentos B. B. Augpeepsim «itaua- 2M HaBOAHTD CIIpaBKu... depes KHATHHIO M.K. Tentumeny, umesmyio 6rua r, Cmo- AeucKa Gonbmyio ycann6y Taxamxnno, TAC 9TOW UIBECTHOI MetIeHATKONO... Ovina orxptira Gecnaarian Hapoquan XYAOKECTBEHHO-NPoMBIIAeHHAK MIKO 2a. aaa nereh xpectbau CuoneucKoit Ty6epuue™. Hocae cnpasox IIpupanosa * To ecrscayvafinas wacrs otnoro sxseunanpa, ‘ombwauianca nocne ero nopinn 9 Kax cymecrsenuan u o6naarensian wact», cio BAHAR ua N206paxenun Gonce xopornoll paetiri, 20 ‘Mpweasoa H. H. Yuas.co4.C. 49 wv Angpeesa ona «He Mora He O6parun, BHMMAHMA Ha Takol xonKuit TOBap xycrapeli, xax ceupenu: 2 cBoeit mxone OHA YKPaCHW1a Hx BAHbETKOIO B pyccKoy CTHAe, OTHACTH PaspucoBaB... 1aCTBIO Ke BbLKHas NO CrBOAY AUCTDAC ReTBAMH; 3 TaKOM nue ona nycTHLIa uHCTpymens BXOA, Kax O6pasen Ana Kycrapelin™, Esqusune p Cmonencx snaKxompie Tipusasona npuo6pean Tam 8 menkux na- BOUKAX My PasHOCuHKoB MHCTpyMeHTss, MSTOTOBAeHHBIe KyYCTapaMH H «yKpamen- HBIe NO MoqeaH KH. TeHMueBOii». Taxol oKSeMIAp u H306paxKeH B Tpyze [pana ona. Tlo KoucTpykunu 9TOT axaemnzap CoBeputeHHo cxoqeH CO BCeMH BHCHHBI- MU MHOW. Onnaxo neasaa yrsepagars, To KOHCTpyKua pyccKoit ABoiuaTKH BCerna H Beane Onina equHoo6paana. Ecan camTarb Bowe AOcTOBepHEIM ONMCaHHE C. Pasymuxuna™, cyuecrsopan u zpyroii Tun ApoituarKu. Ipunegy sto onucanne nloaHocTBio: «Caupeap ecrs neGomsmoit cauctox, uMelouni pug yuAMHApa, B ANHHY Oxov10 2x YeTBepreit, a B TOAMIMHY OKOTO MoayTopa Bepurka. Ox mpocsepausa- TCH HacKBOSb, BepxHee oTBepcTHE SaqeabinaeTcs HEGOMbIIHM KyCOuKOM Aepena, m ocrasaseTca TOKO ManeHb- koe ornepcTue 21a BayBaHHs B NHAMHAp BOSAYXa; HHAKHEE Ke OTBEPCTHE COBCEM Sanensipaetca. Torom, Ha Toit cropone, so HH. Yeas cow... Bxnnre ®, Ha na06paxenmn mpenctasnena sums ona aynka. Bepximit konen ee (c mpucnoco6rennem ana aayBaHHs) Me et He TaKy1o popMy, Kakas McK MOWMTEND- Ho rocnogcTayeT B HEIHe O6cAeTORAHHBIX paiionax Cmonentcxoit o6actu. FIpene- Operatb sTHMM OTAMYMAMH HeAb3s, 110 ckonbKy PasyMHXMH, HECOMHEHHO, 2H Mpogo/-kHTesbHOE BpeMa B MECTHOCTH, 0 Koropoit nan cpenenua, Hc MHTepecoM na6monan Hapomeprti 61 Jt B neGoapurot pa6ore o HapomHEIx My- abikanbHBIX MHCTpyMenTax Bexopyccuu H. [pwsasos aaa rump coxpamenHoe vanoxenue Tex cpeneHnik o mBoitvarKe, KaKHe MMCIOTCA B BbILIeyTIOMAHYTOM mpeariem ero Tpyne™. Hs06paxenne He ykpauienoro cMoneHcKoro aksemmaapa BOCPOMIBEMEHO H 3€Cb, HO TOABKO B Te PeBePHyTOM BAC, H BBIMLIO OHO OvEHS HeaCHO; LOMeYKH, BeTaBsIeHHO! NpH PeMOHTe, 31€Cb He BHAHO BORCE, HB TCK- 23 Pasyxuxun. C. Yas. cow. C. 269. 4 Ipweanas H. Haponnun wyawanin incrpywaweru Bexapyci // Sanicni aaxseny rywantrapnbrx wanyx Inersrryra Genapyexae xynwrypul. Ku. 4. Mpauss xaraapss stuorpacii. TL. Cun.1, Mentex, 1928. C.1-39. cre Her ynommuanus o BTyaKe, nepeps- aaHHOk HUTKOIO; NepeDasH xe BHAHBI, HO Ho MX HloBoAY HeT HUKaKUX O6baCHEHM, W970, KOHEHO, LOWKHO BEIBATh HERO YMeHHe y 4nraTens, He aHaKOMOTO ¢ Tpy- 20M Tipupanona «Myanikanbusie ayxopsie MHCTpyMeHTBI pyccKoro Haponar. Honoe n aroit pa6ore Tipusaxopa — AMillb CBEAEHME, TOMEMIeHHOE B *, B pelicrsutexsuoctH Avolinas daetira — He To xe, aro karen. xa. Jleronucsio yroctonepaerca cymie- cTBoBaHHe B 1038 rogy Kakoro-To uH- TPyMenta, KoTopsitt neTonucen HasBan CBUPEALIO; HO TO, ¥TO 9To Guiza ABOliNaN $preiira, nusem ne soKaauisaerca, B noe. ” ‘Sachs C. Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente, Berlin, 19 part i MSc hat non tetinrene $.386 (viriel)§" Cu. raxoce exona sDoppel thee Rotate, ‘8 sHandbuchs (c. 299), : npousnenenuom y TIpupaosa dparyey, Te neTonMcH 06 uuCTpyMeHTe Anno, Baba HOKTA HUHETO He ToBOpHTCH; aro ompegenenve AnMHBI OTHOCHTCA K HH. Ctpymenry, ynomanaemomy B uuTupye- Moix [Tpupasopsim marepwanax «1a Hoy, Aacra», Mepesoasux H6x-Jacra naspay cBMpeabI0 KaKoii-ro uucTpymeHT, Ho kak OH HasbiBaca B HO_AMHHUKe — 4 Tipusasopy, uu 3axcy He 6110 ussecr- HO. Muenue IIpunaxona, wo H6u-Jlact BHAA UMeHHO ABOlHYI cbacitry, ne TOABKO He 1OKa3aHO, Ho naxKe MpoTupo- peunr npusoxHMomy uM repesogy. Ecan Oui uMenacb B Buay qolinan haeiira, cocrommaa He u3 AByx nzoTHO cABHuy- ‘Teix napamtensisix baci, a u3 nByx Heoquuaxonoit 2aMHBI, KoTOpsie mpH MrPe Repxar Tak, YTO HWKHHE KOHIH pasqpunyrel (ro ecTs ecm Ont HMenace » BHAY ABOliHas (baeiira cospemenuoro Pyccxoro Tuna, umexHo Ta, Kaxyio IIpu- Baop Hasbipan cBupeabi0), — BuIpaxKe- HME «11MHOW B Ba AOKTH» HE UMENO OI cMbicaa; Toraa 68174 OI ykasana AHH kaxkaOit tbaeiirEr B oTAeABHOCTH. Bapyroit xaure K. 3axca*® » napa- Tpade «Doppelfléte» ropopurca mums © snapax nzoTHo cassanuutx napannens- HbIx cpaeitt», Ho He o pacxonamnuxca; Mexkay Tem Ha cHuMKe Nb 221 — B ra6auye 3} (xTaficxne uuctpymentsi) — us06pa- 2keH Mrpaiouyuit Ha nape pacxonamuxca aeitr, u hororpadus nognucana: ", spisbiBaloT HeOyMeHMe CrenyiomMe NYHKTSI: a) «Pocus» — co cesiaKoik Ha «Mo- cKoBcKuit myseit HapogoneneHist», HO Ges ykagaHvs HOMepa B KaTaore WH B OM cau. Jo cHx nop, HacKombKo MHe 13- BECTHO, HH Ha pyCckOi STHHMECKOI Tep- putopuu, Hu B Poccum xax rocynapcrse (8 mpexxHem, mIMpoKOM cMbIcne) TaKne ¢paeitrst ne saperncrpupopani. TLioTHo Mpuaeraiome onHH k ApyrOMy CTBOMBL MMeer pyccKas xazeliKa, Ho aneihKa y Bakca yxxe sanmMaeT Haqnexamee Me- CTO cpemM «BOiHBIX KIApHETOB»™, 6) «Crapaa Homma» — co ccpimkoit Ha Tipupasoza. Y Ipupanopa xe (ta c. 248, a He Ha LMTMpoBaHHolt 3aKcom) MBI BHAHM CCbLTKY Ha CoBMHCKOrO; OnHAKO caenyet yuecrb, 470 KHura CoBHHcKOro, osarnapzennas «[ombckne u cstapait- CKHE My3bIkaHTBP, XOTS H He IPUBOLMT JAHHBIX 0 MYSbIKE CHABAHCKHX HapOnoB, He BXONMBUIMX B COCTaB MCTOpH¥ECKOH Tloxpum, He orpanwunpaerca co6craeH- HO MOABCKHM MaTepHazoM, a conepaKHT CBEJeHMA 0 NECHAX M MySbIKANDHBIX MHCTpyMenrax H ykpannuten (k HHCTPy- MeHTaM KOTOPBIX OTHECEHBI HE TOTBKO Ganiaypa, Top6ax, nHMGanbI, HOH ABYX- saniuxonnie uncrpymenta.dlen0 a Tom, #70 pantnme woxno Guin0 werperirrs onpexenenne saawraxonnie baetirat (wanpumep, & paGorax Sernea, a Myauanuon stuweaonesn Menaean~ Peticwana). JIuurn » noneftmee pena cranw muicennars Taxoe onpexenenne. (Capyroft cropon, x gneftram npwncanior wnyeron opex c ornepernen) 3). Sachs C, Geist und Werden der Musikinstru- mente. 8.26.8 s {Seeks C Reab Lexikon der Musikinstrumente, 3 Sowinshi A. Les musiciens polonaise et slaves. Paris, 1857.16 ——— TamaTHMe QATH erpynnas Ganaaiixa; cm. c. 26, 46, 48, 49). H aMToByes (xoTA NOCHEMHHe H HE caaBAHe; CM. C. 27). Tlostomy, ecam axe MpHcoenH- HMTbCA K TOAKOBaHMIO [IpuBanona, YTO ynommuaemas y CopuncKoro cypMa 6puia napHoit dbaeitroit, ocraerca MenaBecT HIM, y KAKOTO MMeHHO Haposa, O6MTAB- mero Ha H3MeHABUIelica TeppHTOPHH ucropuyecroit [omsuim, ona 6bia B yno- ‘TpeGrenuu; 970 Mom 6BITb H NOAKH, M AMTOBUBI, M YKPAMHUBI, H Be1Opyca! — yRoropsix (a McrucaapabcKom paiione Moruzescxoii o6nacTH) ona 6s1ToOBara eme 0 negasuero spemenm. Jlanee, cam Tipusanos saxmouna Ha ocHopaHHH xuuru CopuicKoro, To cypMa 6x1 A3BI'KOBLIM HHCTpyMcHTOM. CooGpazke- ame [pupazopa, #70 8 Hoabuie «aani4Kn x eitram Havann npugensisars n03- 2Ke>, He OCHOBaHO Ha yGequTeTBHBIX aH- unix. Coo6menne CosuHicKoro 0 cypme mepeaano IIpusazossim Hesepuo. CosiH- cxuii, npeacge Bcero, ue ygocTosepan, S70 Taxoli HHCTpyMenT «cymectsosax 3 Mozeme 3 napogom ynorpe6renun>. Cypma, no ero coo6menmio, ynorpe- Gasaact » pocuuoit mysbixe. Tax Kax BAPyrom Mecte Kuru 06 uHcTpymenTe sSztort» cka3aHo, 470 OH «cocraBasa ac K BOeHHOMi MyabiKe>, MomHO NOragaTBCa, ‘To Cosuncxnit umen B Buay KaKoli-To POA HH sapogsim BoeHHOrO opKectpa, Yaureipas 970, MbI MorxKeM HHave, He ‘ax, ka IIpuanos, ucronkonate czopa Cosunicxoro 0 cypme: «lly en avait de deux espéces, l'une pour la main gauche, avec une seule ouverture dont le son était grave; l'autre pour la main droite, a deux ouvertures, dont le son était plus gai» (c. 53)¥.4 [pupazos ato BbickasbiBaHne “ ‘Yrownenssil nepesox: «Cywecrsonano 40a ‘suxai Onn, abyx KoTOporo Gua HNSKHLA, — wavaraer Tax: «A, Copmuckni: TOBOpuy O MY3bIKaJIbHOM OpyAMM... NON Ha3pa- uueM cypma, mpanas detira xotoporo Meer Ba FOAOCOBBIX OTBEPCTHS, a ne. BAM — TOJBKO OHO, H 31aeT TOH HUxe npanoii, 7. €, umeeT, ONeBHAHO, GOnbiuy CpaBHHTenbHO c Hew AAMHY>S, Ognaxo, 6s1Tb Moxer, Ha o6eux PasHOBMAHOCTAX cypMBI Hrpas He OHH H TOT 2Ke MySbIKAHT; OBITS Moxer, y TOTO, KoTopbtit Hrpan Ha pasHosuaHo- CTH «14 AeROi pykH», MpaBan Zon%- Ha Oia ocranaTsca cRO6OAHOH ANA KakuxHHOyab Manunyasinit. Bonomaua © cpeqrienexonoit sanaguoesponeli- ckolt mpaxtHxe arpatb ognoit pyKoit Ha AYXOBOM HHCTpyMente (sanpuMep, Ha nposancanscxom «galoubet»)!, a apyroit pyKoit na GapaGane; 1a ns06paxenun XIII sexa urparouuait gepaxur zyxozoii MHCTPYMeHT HMeHHO B1eROH PyKe, a 6a- paGax — p npanoii®®, SL ormox» He co6upaiocs npona- TaHqMposars AaHHOe MpeqTonOKeHHE M BBIABHHY- ETO AMM AAR TOTO, YTOGB! HeltTpanHa0naTb BosMoxHoe BAAAHHE mpentonoxexns [Ipupanona, o60cHo- BaHHOTo HHYYTS He Kpenue. Bameuy emie, sro npupogumnte Co- BHHCKUM CBegeHHs 06 ynoTpebxeHH CYPMBI B BOCHHOIL MyauIKe COrmacyloTca CO sHaveHHem nogo6Horo c1oBa B crapom ykpanucxom Gprry. BnpoueM, BbicKasbr Bas CBOM BOSpaxeHUs, A HaseIoc, YTO Copunckuit uaaaex us uHTHpyembIx uM HCTOMHMXOB Bce cymecTBeHHOE; CaM 2Ke AHE MOF H3YYHTb 9TH TpyAHOAOCTYNHBIC € oan orneperwen (11a aen0f py pyro yx roroporo Guia Gone auiconnh~ ‘Anya orneperunnin (aan panon pyhe)» ‘Mpuoasoe H, H, Yuas.con.C.248. Sacks C. Handbuch der Musikinstrumenter” unde. 8, Se7 ———— KawMent KBWTKA TAPAS OAEHTA NOWSCKHE HCTOUHHKH, HO B HUX, To- BUAMMOMy, He 3arnaqbipas 1 TIpupanos. B aanneix K. 3axca o pacnpocrpa- nenuu napnoit dbaediret s Asn yxa- aano «Sarten» (captsi), co ccbiaKOi xa ero ae «Real-Lexikon» (c. 231), re kK HamleMy MpeaMeTy OTHOCHTCA Hb cxono «kosnay», TomKyemoe Kax «Schilf- Doppelflate> ( OTMEYeHDI Ba SKSEMMARPA ABEIYKOBOTO ayxonoro mucTpymenta. K. 3axc mor 641 caM 3aMeTHTS 9TY HecoOGpasHOCTS, HO, BHAMMO, He OGpaTHx Ha Hee BHUMAHHa. B pesynsrare oumm6xa 97a skpasach yxero #8 «Real-Lexikon», u B CcbimKy Ha «Real-Lexikon» » pasgeze «Doppelflite» xaurn «Geist und Werden». B. M. Benses ye OTMETHII B KHHTe «MysbiKkanbHbIe wucrpymenrst Ya6exucraHa» kak BBIIIe~ Hassannyw omm6xy SaxcaY®, Tax M He- ‘TOUHOCTS B ONNCaHMM KoMIHas B KHHTE H. Mupontosa «Myantxa ys6exox», rae cxasano: «Iucrpyment aTOT 110 cBoeMy BHEMIHeMy BHAY HanloMMHaeT PyCcKy10 xaneiixy>®, B, M. Beasen ykagan wa To onmHune, 470 «pycckue KapHeTBI OBI.” Ho MMeoT pactpy6 #3 BONOBBETO pora, KoTOporo y KourHast HET». Teiicrautersuo, us06paxenuamn KoulHas, AMCIOMLAMHCA B KHUTe Mupo- ” Sachs C. Geist und Werden der Musikinstru- mente. 8. 26. 8 Beane B. M, Myauixanuunie nucTpyMentat Ya6exnerana. M., 1938. C. $7. 9 ‘Muponoe H. H. Myasixa ya6exos. Camapxanx, 1929. C. 20. nova «O6s0p MyabikanBHDIX KysIBTyp ys6eKos u apyrux Haponon BocroKa» pero xuure Ilecun epranst, Byxapst u Xupoi", ynocronepserca orcytcrane pacrpy6a. K coxanenio, Ha sTHx 130- Opaxkenuax He pugHBI xDIUKH. OTMeuae- Mole pasawana urnopupyer 4 A. Macaos, xorga » «Munocrpuponaniiom onuca- HMM» 0 KoumHae nog Ne 148 nmueT: «ITO MOUTH TO xe, 4TO pyccKHe KaneliKH»* Jas osnakomaenus crunamu nap- unix ¢puelir 3a npeneramu CCCP oven nonesHo Mpounrars rnapy 0 «nomMpoHH- MCCKUX AYXOBBIX HHCTPYMEHTAX» B KHH- re: A. Schaeffner. Origine des instruments de musique. Paris, 1936 (c. 289 u nae). Hiccaeonanue pyccxoit naproit dpeit- ‘TbI 6b1NI0 BKMOYEHO B nan KaGuneTa nO May4eHMI0 My3bIKaTBHOTO TBOPYECTBA Ha- ponon CCCP npu Mcropuxo-reoperuue- Kom (paxyarere MockoscKoit rocynap- cTBeHHoti KoHCeppaTopHH Ha 1940 ron. Tlo sromy naany axcrenunms c Mo- MM yuacTHeM Moria COCTOATBCA AMIN noaqHeit ocenpio. JleTom xe cTyneHT xoxcepsaropun H. HM. Topwoxos sprpasux akeqaHHe NpHHATS yYACTHE B NOTeBOI viccneqopatenbcKoit pabore Ka6unera W MpetoxKuA CopepurnTs NpexBapH- TenbHy10 noesaKy no yKasanmo Ka6une- Ta, Baio mpusHaHo Wenecoo6pasHEiM HampanuTs ero uMeHHO B CMoneHcKyI0 o6aacTs, riasHbim o6pasom ana yora- 0° ‘Muponoe H. H. O6sop mystaxanuinix xyaeTyp ya6exon apyrux wapoxon Boctora. Camap- ama, 1931. C. 27; Ow ee. Tecum @epranst, Byxaput u Xunut, Tamer, 1981. C. 5. 4. Macaoa A. J. Wamocrpuponanioe onncanne Myabixambutix HeTpymenTon, xpansamunxca 1 lamxonexom atnorpadnueckom mysee » Mo- expe. M.,1909. C. 47. ry KaGuuer uuine paSoraer npu Kacexpe napox on myauinn,18 —_—_——" TawaTH Me AATH 3 Mrpaer ©. B. Bapanos (1878 r. p.) 3 a. Slykunnun KpacnnucKoro p-Ha Cuonencrom o6n. Cuonenck. 1940 HOBACHMA NYHKTOR, re HBIHE KUBYT urparomue Ha napoli paeitre. Tax Kax B Teveune Goxce TpuquaTH net B Ha: yanoit auteparype ne 6bin0 cnegenuit © cymectsosanuu ucxyccTBa urpei Ha 9TOM crapHHHoM MicTpymenTe, MomHO Guino npeanonarars, uro urpenbt ye PeaKu, 1B npezcToamed moet noesaKe CAMMIKOM MatOTO BeMeHH H CHA yuLAO 6Bt Ha ux oTbicKanue (ca, Tpuaoxenne 1), B pesyawrare noesaxu H. H. Topronon npeacrapun KaGunery o6croatenbubiit nucsmennsti oruer, xxseMnaapst Asoltuatox (yromanyrsie Bbiuie), TeKcTEt Necen (Hanesut KoTOpsix ucnomaauch a uucrpymente) 18a bororpagy, eckHx cHmxa (Bocnpousnozatiec, uupxe). Cotman cae 14101 8 Cotoneyeg npocpeccnonanbusim hororpadon p 03, pykopogcrnom Topronopa. Ha onioy 3 ux H906paxeH KPecrEsuH pepe uu JIyxunuau Kpacuuncxoro pationa Cmosexcxoit o6acru ®. Bapanop, yxe 3 1933 romy nepecenupunusiics B CMoreicy u crapumnit pabounm (oro 3). 3. HAPOAHBIE HASBAHMA MHCTPYMEHTA Béasuas vacrb urpeyos, paccnpomex- nix H. H. Topiononsim 4 MHO1, Habre wor mapayy ¢paeliry mpocro «ayaKamn» Yawau AGpamon 13 nepeni AGononse Ayxosumucxoro paiiona waanipan 9T0T HHCTpyMenT «qpoiivaTKaMM> HH «qBOi garKoli>. Urpen ®. H, Torsapos » zepenne Cementxoso Mororonckoro ceasconera Cmoaeuckoro pationa nassisax napnyto qprettry «anodinu> wxu «napHatei. Taxwe HaspaHHs, no Moemy MHeHm, cnegovaso 651 BRecTH B Hayuntoe HH Boobue HTeparypxioe ynorpeGaenne. B Jlyxunuvax Kpacumucxoro paiiona onuHounbte dpreiire: HaaersaloT «onH HouKamu» (anpowen, celiuac Ha TaKoM ucrpymeHte Tam He urpaior), Bursumnit cropox Cmosenckoro ucropuyeckoro uysen J, T, Korxnu naasipaer napryio (pacity «campenxamn», B JIyxunnuax Lnees-oreu, oyenupas sayuanue skaem- Aaapa napoit daelirsr, caenannoro cor- Hom, ckagaa: «He paGoraer caupemuua, a umn», TTo o6nacHeni Topionona, Ou Hasna «cenpeauHoit» ony us daeiin, cocrapamomux smecte uncTpymext, 4H ynorpe6ua TaKoe Haspaxue uu pas.Kawwent Kank TAPHAR @AEATA Ormeuas, 470 2HuB Ba HHA BO spems noeanku Fopionosa ynorpe6un wHoe HasBaHHe, 4em O6wlenpunsToe «AYAKM™, HE CHENYET YNYCKATb M3 BHAY, uTo 9To 6biaH GuisMHit cropox HcropH- ueckoro My3es HOTEL MacTepa, m10- cToauuo c6utpasmero napuute dbaedirst 3 Cmonencke H MMeBulero CHOUIeHHe c myseeM (0 4eM CBAETENBCTBYCT He TOMBKO MSTOTORICHHBIE UM AK My3en 9KSEMILIAP C YKaSAHHEM HMEHH M3roTO- BUTEA, HO H COOGMeHHe BEIUeyTIOMs- nyToro cropoxka). He ucKm04eHo, 470 AMMa 9TH MOTI 32MMCTBOBAT Ha3sBa- HMe «CBHperb», O¥eHS HpaBameecs HH- TeAAMreHUMH, H IpHaTs emy HapomHy! opmy®. Tpwannser am Heyq06cTB0 70, 470 Ha3bIBalOT Kak MapHBIe baeiirsi, Tax 1 o_MHOUnDIE? TopioHoB yaocrosepser, aro » JIykuumuax, rae 2uByT Macrepa napubix dprelir, Ha OAMHOUHBIX He HrpaloT, HC HasBaHMs- ou weysa30x ner. Ho 1 B qepeBHsax, rae 6srropann 06a Busa cpaeiir, cxoncTBO HX HaMMenoBaHnit HMKOMy, Kak MHE Tosopuau, He Memano. B zepesue Ba6orxu 6srpurero To- peventcxoro yeana (Hume JJemugoscKoro pationa Cmonencxott o6nacTH), 10 c10- Bam ypoxenua aToit nepesuu Mpanona (abIHe HouHOrO cTopoxKa B CmoneH- cxe), 6bi1M B Xoay M NapHBie dpachTst, M OAMHOUNDIE — MOcTeAHHE C MeCTbIO FOAOCOBLIMM OTBEPCTHAMH M WINYHTOM Borpeperun ana Baysanus. Mapran oaelira Hasbipanace «qpowuarKH~, OnH- Hounaa — «nacsupeaka». Tacsupenka “s Tpesyer nponepkn « uaznanne «conperu> y Paaymuxiwa (eu. ¢.12-1g HacT. HaA.): Bo- epobix, noTOMy, WTO OM He npHNanTeKan K xpecrbancxofl cpexe, Bo-BTOPHIX, nOTOMy, NTO MHCTPyMeNT 9TOT MM ONMICAM HexOCTaTON- genaeTca «1eTBepTH ABE — LAMHHAS, aa6upaior unynt>, H. M4. TIpuazony napuyt dpaeiiry Haabast «coMperamn» onmH yporeren, Cwonencxoit ry6epunu, paGorapumit na TlyraoucKom sanoze. Moxo6Hoe nuTex- AMreHTCKOe HasBaHue ator pabountii Mor ycnoute B Tletep6ypre, no xpaiineit Mepe, ynorpeGxsTb ero B pasronope c 06- pasonannbim seonexom. Ecan 6x1 1 py- Toit ypoxkeren CmonericKoit rySepaun, ocpeqomspunis Tipupanosa, pocnonb- aopascs AaHHbIM Haspannem, Ipupaop, KOHeuHO, He MpemuHyx 6x1 yrromantyT» 06 atom, Ho nockombKy Taxoro coobmenua Her, MbI BIpape npegmionarars, 470 3TOT cMonenen HasBan MuCTpyMeHT npocTo sayaKamn». Tipu onpocax sbiacuunoce, "ro cymte- cTByIOT M ApyrHe MecTHBIe HasBaHa map- noit (baeiirst: «caucrymbKu» (Coruesckuii nm Anapeencxnit paitonst CmonencKoii o6aactu); «cauctynkn» (KomMcKHit pation Beanxoayxcxoit o6nactu!), «npo- caupéab» wm «ceapémsr (Toponenxnit paiion Toit xe o6nacru®).2 Oguo a MectHntx pyCcKHX HaponuBIx Haspanmit, mo MoeMy MHeHINo, creayeT BBecTH B HaywnBIit O6HXOR B KaYecTRE Tepmuna. Jaa naysnoro ynorpebu1e- HMA Heygo6Hl HasBAHMA «AYAKU> H BCE Nponsnogusle oT rnarona «cBucTeTb», “ Koraa nenpocwa, camiuian an Hanis cnon0 «car en» wnaaninantice aM napmate guxetiret «canpe- ARMs, of, Gyxy4H BOOSIE OveNS cNOKOMHTN We ‘RONeKOM, HOBOMAHO paaaparenno oTRETHA: «51 Ke ‘aM Cka3AA, Kak OHM HaabiRANHch,— RROfiwaTRH (Carona «cnnpens» Hsanon ue a1ia1 nonce. B Mctucaanascrom paitone, kak Gxix0 asime ynomanyro, anoliuas ayaKa waabinaeTcA «110- ebanenuern, To coo6meno H. K. 3aanoamva, a ero poxmne, 0a, Ceneu Bpecrexol o6actn, “smocavicréamite (20 muoxectaentioM wHcAe) MaabinaioT oaMHoNHyo ayaKy TaKOMt xe ¢popMss, ax Gonee xpyntan us anoftwsixayaox Cmonen kot o6nacTH, c TaxiM xe npucnoco6aenHeM a nepevien xoutue,TamatHwe qatan ‘TaK Kak OHH HE OTpaxawT Toro, 4TO co6cTBeHHo xapaxrepusyeT HapomHy10 (paeitry u ormmuaer ee or apyrax qyXo- BLIX HHCTpyMeHTos. M13 HasBaHnit, KOTO- pple ynorpe6a1 Tonyapos, «1poun» MeHee yf06Ho, 4em «1BoitYaTKH», TAK Kak CAMINKOM 6M3KO 1OrOCaBCKOMY Hae 3BaHHMW «ABOiHMYE», O6O3HAYaIOMEMY wuoii unctpyment. Hs Haspannit «qpoit- Marka» (urpen A6pamos) 4 «apoliuaTKH» (urpeu Hsanos) oraaqum npearioure- HME TepBOMy, TAK KaK OHO MOET HMeTb TIpu3HakH M EAMHCTBEHHOTO, H MHOXKE- cTennoro uncaa, Tupexrop Cmonencxoit o62actHoit 6uGanotexu Meanos, ypoxenen cera Cwonencxoit o62acTH, yepsui Mexia, 4TO wa ero poauue napuyio ¢paeiiry Haant- BavOT «IYCAAMM>; [pH 3TOM OH XOpOMIO BHA, KAKMe MHCTPYMeHTEI Ha3EIBAIOT srycaamut> » antepatype. Buiz0 6s1 upes- BuI4aiiHO BaxKHO NPOBEpHTe TO COobmIe- ue, Tax Kax B Caysae ero noaTBepx,e- uua ynoMuuane o rycaax y Kapaa ‘Typoscxoro u » apyrux namaTHHKax auTeparypsi noTepser culy JoKasa- TeabcTea cymecTBOBaHMa BCOOTBET- crayiomux mectHoctax rycacit B cMBICTe ¢Tpyunoro uucrpymenta.2 Aoituarxa y pyccxux 4 6enopycon ana eC MHCTPYMeHTOM HapoAHbIM, OAHAKO He bina pacnpoctpatienia no sceit sTHu- \eckolt TeppHTopun pyccKoro H Beno- pyccKoro Hapora, Ho npeumymectaen- Ho —» Cuonenicxoit o6aactu, coceanux ¢ new paiionax Kaayncxoii n Beauxonyx- cxoii o6nactett, » Kanunnucxoit o6.21a- cri u B BocTouHolt actu Mormaenckoit o6aacTu Beaopycckort CCP#, Ona ne ‘ABAAETCH WHCTPYMEHTOM MACCORLIN;g. Tomy mpeacrapaserca Nerecoospaiy, nepeuncuenne urpeyos. Tlepeuncaenue yMepmix urpenos MEET CMBICII, BO-TepBbIX, Korga, no BOCHOMHHaHHAM, yMepuInit 6x11 a. CTOABKO BbIAAIONLMMCA MACTepOM Hp, TO CHeAyeT COXPaHHTS NaMATS O Hen MMCHHO BBHAY ero 4pesBbI4alinoro uc. KYCCTBa M BOSMeHCTBUA, KaKOe OH OKaay Ha My3bIKabHOe pasBUTHe MAC, 1, Bo- BTOPEIX, Kora B JaHHOM MecTHOCTH HeT KMBBIX Mrpeyos M perucTpanus YMepUINX AONIOMHAET AaHHBIC ANA Usyue- Hus oGnacTu pacnpocrpaneHua MHCTpy- Menta B npomltom. Caeqyer nprrareca co6par caeenns 06 ocoGennocrax MHCTpyMeHTOB, Ha KOTOpBIX HrpamH noKolinbie, 06 OcoGeHHOCTAX Hx UTpBI, 0 6n1ToBo#t O6cTaHoBKe, pu KoTOpolt OHM mpuo6peraau 4 npospxaau cBoe uc xyccrso. Ecau oGuapyxupaiorca Kaxue- To MHTepecuBie YepTsI, yOMHHaTs 06 YMepmInx CneayeT H HesaBUcHMO OT ykaganunix puite ycnoputit. H Topwnos x « casnman B CMonen- cke BocnoMMHaHMs 0 SaMevaTenBHOM urpene Ha napHoii dpaelire Crparoue Tlerposuye Eropone (xeuem 6113 cena Tanamxuno nox CmonencKom). Mopecrusiit s Cmonenckom paitone Hapogusuii cxpunay H. A. Mecbonos ropopua mye: «Crparou 6111 Tako MyabikanT, 4TO ayUIe He 6B110, He 6yneT 4H GuiTb He MoxeT». To mueHMI0 Meboro- Ba, TABHOe, B YeM NPORBAATACb MySBI- kaaibHas onapennocts Crparoua, — aTo cmoco6Hocts cpasy cxsarsipars H BOC: MPOHSBOANTS MOGyI0 HeHaBECTHYI eMy “6 Oraexsuo crow ynommuanne o napnoft reine y ypamscrnx xanaxon (om: Hpuae- 400 H. H. Yeas, cox, C251, pie).