» 2 2 a » ® 2 » 5) 9 7 Unit Conversion Dilutions Percent Strength, Ratio Strength Calculation Of Doses Reconstitution of Dosage Forms Displacement Volumes Dose equivaleney Injectable Flow Rates Calculate the amount of parent drug in a dosage form containing a drug salt or other derivative Determine drug concentration using analy Reducing and entarging formulas Calculations in Contemporary Compounding, I data, Questions Paracetamol, in amounts greater than 4 g per day, has been assoaciated with liver toxicity. What is the maximum number of 500 mg tables of paracetamol that a person tay take daily nd not reach the tonic evel? {A liquid oral concentrate of morphine sulphate contains 2.4 g of morphine sulphate in 41120 mL bot. Caeulate the concenation of morphine on an mg/mL bass. ZO mg ‘A vial containing $00 mg methylprednisolone (as sodium suecinate) powder for reconsitutios is reconstituted with sterile water for injection. What isthe displacement value for methylprednisolone given that 7.8 mL of sterile water is added tothe powder 10 produce 8 mL of solution? 0.05 mL/g 025 mLig 04 mLig 0.5 1OmLg Methyl salicylate has a density of 1.18 g/mL. Caleulte the weight of 45 ml. of methyl salicylate and caleulate the volume occupied by 69 gof meth! salicylate 53.) and So. 6s mee 25 g of rachis oil are quired to be incorporated into 25 ‘weight per mililite of arachis ol is 0.917 g, how many mi be equivalent 0258? 24.76 mL Liguid paraffin has density of 0.91 gL, Whats the weight of ives? Express your aoveringansondidoeams. (3'20 andl [4620 Kq A pharmacist is required to provide 75 mL of glycerol. A suitable measure is not available. What weight of glycerin is equivalent to 75 mL? Assume that the density of fhe 125 yl. 9 3 454 of ointment base. Ifthe tres of arachis oil would8) % 10) 1) 12) 13) 1) a ») ° d 15) 16) Drug Z has a negligible displacement volume in water. If 10 mL. of water is added to 50 mg of drug Z, what wil be the final volume of the solution? J 4.) [A pharmacist adds 75 mL of water to 35 g ofa soluble drug powder and the volume of the final solution is 115 mL. Calculate the displacement volume ofthe drug powder. 1. [4 ml Ampicillin powder for reconstitution into an injttion has a displacement volume of 0.8 mLig. If 10 mL of water is added to 500 mg of the powder, calculate the total volume ofthe solution. What would be the concentration expressed asmwimL? 9 9) “g. oe a A prescriber requires an injection solution containing vancomycin $0 mg in 1 mL; $00 mg of vancomycin powder for reconstitution into an injection is available in a vial. The 9 bette, ‘A pharmacist combines the contents ofa 30-g tube ofa 0.5% ointment and a 90-g tube of a 1.5% ointment of the same active ingredient. What isthe concentration of the mixture? |, ,05°/, 1f60 g of a combination gel of hydrocortisone acetate, 1% w/w, and pramoxine, 1% ‘wh, is mixed with 12.5 g of a gel containing hydrocortisone acetate, 2.5% wi, and pramoxine, 1% w/w, calculate the percentage strength of each of the two drugs inthe mine. "|, 267, ana (7 ryryn dorky « How many milligrams ofa 1:10 wlw powdered dilution of colchicine should be used by @ manufacturing pharmacist in preparing 100 capsules fora clinical drug study if ‘each capsule isto contain 0.5 mg of colchicine? boo Dy)45) ») 2 a ° 46) 49) patents prescribed a reducing orl dose of prednisolone as follows Day 1:10 mg Day 2:8 mg, Day 3:6 mg Day 4:4 mg Day 5:3 mg Day 6:2.mg Day 7: 1 mg Prednisolone is supplied as S mg and 1 mg tablets, Prednisolone tablets eannot be split Therefore, the patient needs to take a numberof whoe tablets. How many ofeach tablet, strength would it be most appropriate to supply? Four 5 mg tablets and fourteen | mg tablets Fourteen $ mg tablets and four | mg tablets Five S mg tablets and fifteen 1 mg tablets Fifteen $ mg tablets and five I mg tablets One 5 mg tablet and twenty 1 mg tablet ‘You have in your pharmacy a cream containing 0.5% wiw hydrocortisone. You have beeen requested to use this cream as a base and to add in sufficient calamine such that the final concentration of ealamine in the new cream will be 10.0% whw, What is the concentration of hydrocortisone in the new cream? 03% wiw 0.45% wav 0.5% wi 0.05% ww 0.045% wi ‘An ampoule contains 12.5% wiv of active ingredient. The ampoules are supplied as T0mL volume. How many ampoules are needed to produce a | lite bag of final concentration 0.5% wiv active ingredient? 0.5 ampoules 4 ampoules 65 ampoules 8.25 ampoules 10 ampoules {A Patients prescribed Prednisolone as a descending dose course, The patient ist tke ‘80mg OD reducing by 10mg every 2 days until a dose of 10mg is reached. She is then totake 10mg for 7 days end Smg for7 days and then stop, How many Smg tablets would be need to be supplied. What is the totl dose of Prednisolone taken ? a) 725mg b) 755mg 0) 75mg © 805mg ©) 825mg ‘A Patient receives Diamorphine infusion over 24 hours. They currently receive a dose cof 240mg over @ 24 hour period using a syringe pump that is calibrated to 48mm / 24 Hours (some syringe pumps are calibrated in mh). You increase the rate of infusion to Tamm /24 hours. What dosage will they now receive?8) 264mg per 24 hours by 300mg per 24 hours © 360mg per 24 hours 4) 480 mg per 24 hours e) 720mg per 24 hours 50) The recommended dose of drug A is 25mg/kg/day in divided doses. On admission, Mrs X says she ison thee 250mg eapsules twice dey. [the dose is correct, what is Mrs X approximate weight? a) S0kg b) S5kg © 60kz 4) 65k, ©) 70kg 51) Drug Histo be given as $00mg in 1 Litre of sodium chloride 0.9% over 10 hours. Calculate the drip rate ifthe deug is administered using a Burette set where Iml = 60 ops 2) 60 drops / minute +) 70 drops / minute ©) 80 drops / minute 4) 90 drops / minute 100 drops / minute 52) The reading on a syringe driver administering drug C is 35mlshhr. The additive label says ‘500mg. in 100ml’ and the patient's weight is 60kg. What dose of drug C is the patient receiving in meg/kg/min? (@ 50 micrograms ') 100 micrograms ©) 150 micrograms 4) 200 micrograms ¢) 250 micrograms 53) A Patient is admited to casualty having taken an overdose of soluble Paracetamol 500mg. The half ite ofParcctamol i 2 hours Thee blood levels show a concentration ‘of 80mg / Litre It is estimated that their Total Volume of distribution is equivalent to 40 Litres andthe patient claims itis exactly 6 hours exactly since they ingested the Paracetamol Ifthe amount absorbed is 40% othe total amount taken how many ables did they take ? (Ignore any delay between the taking and absorption) 2) 156 tablets O 128 tbies ¢) 112 tablets 4) 96 tablets ¢) 84 tablets: 54) A patient has been prescribed Epil? intravenous (sodium valproate) 800mg to be reconstituted to 10m! with WFI. The displacement volume is 0:35ml400mg. WI ‘volume of water for injection (WI shouldbe added tothe powder fr reconstitution? a) 65mL. @ 93mL9 3%) 0 55) » 2 a 2 a) » 3 2 a) a 2 3) 2 ®) 9 59) a 9.65 mL 9.83 mL 10mL [A patient isto be administered 450mg fosphenytoin sodium by intravenous infusion ‘Tis drug is avilable a5 210ml vial of fosphenytoin sodium at @ concentration of 5mgml (Pro-Epanutin™), which isto be diluted to 25mg/ml strength using glucose ‘5% before it ean be administered to a patient. How much fosphenytoin sodium and 52% ‘lucose nced to be used to administer the correct dose to this patent? ‘6m Pro-Epanutin made up to 18ml with 5% glucose ‘6m Pro-Epanutin and 18ml $% glucose 10m! Pro-Epanutin made up to 18ml with 5% glucose 10m Pro-Epanutin and 18m 5% glucose {ml Pro-Epanutin made upto 4m with 3% glucose [A patient isto be administered 225mg cilosporin by intavenous infusion. This drug ‘vailable asa Sm vial of cielosporin at a concentration of Smg/m, which is to be diluted to [mg/ml using glucose 5% before it can be administered tothe patient. How much ciclosporin and 5% glucose need to be used to administer the correct dose to this, patient? ‘0,45mlciclosporin and 225ml 5% glucose ‘045ml ciclosporin made up to 225ml with 5% glucose 4ml cielosporin and 225ml 5% glucose 45m eielosporin made up to 225ml with 5% glucose 4.5ml cilosporin made up to 500ml with 5% glucose ‘An infusion contains 2mg/m! lidocaine hydrochloride in $00ml $% glucose solution ‘The patient isto receive 3mg/min for 90min, followed by 2mg/min for 90 min, then I mg/min to end of bag. How long before a replacement infusion bag will be required? 1000 min 730 min 620 min 550 min 450 min ‘A female adult patient (weight 65kg) has been prescribed tacrolimus by intravenous infsion following renal transplantation. The intial presribed dose is 2SOmegkaay. “Tacrolimus concentrate is avilable as a Iml ampoule (Smp/ml), Directions for use: “The required quantity of taerolimus concentrates to be added toa IL infusion bag of sodium chloride 0.9% for infusion over 24 hous. What rate of infusion in minin should be used? 0.14mLinin 07 mL/min 14mLxin 3.1 mln 710 mLmin Codeine linctus 0.3%w!v can be used as a suppressant for unproductive cough. How ‘many mg of codeine ae contained ina Sml dose? 0.015 mg») 9 60) on 2) a » °) 63) a) » 9 a 4) a ° 2 65) a) » 9 4) 03 mg 3mg Smg 15mg [Naloxone hydrochloride injection is available as a 0.04%w/v solution, What quantity ‘of naloxone hydrochloride is present in a Iml ampoule? (Gyn You have been asked to prepare 200g of a steroid cream containing 0.02%w/w alelometasone dipropionate. The cream must be prepared by diluting « commercially available preparation containing 0.05%w/w —alelometasone dipropionate (Modrasone™), What i the eorect quantity of Modrasone™ cream to be used? go ‘A vial containing 200 mg hydrocortisone sodium succinate povider for injection is 10 be reconstituted to produce 4 ml. of injection, Which ofthe following is the amount of Water for Injections, BP that should be added to the powder? The displacement volume of hydrocortisone sodium succinate is 0.05 mL/100 mg. 20mL 25 mL 35mL. 3.9 mL. 4.0 mL You are requested to supply 250 g of a 1 in 4 dilution of Eumovate (0.05% w/w clobetasone butyrate cream in aqueous cream. Which ofthe following are the correct “amounts ofthe two ereams that you would need? 1255 g Eumovate plus 112.5 g aqueous cream. 75 @ Eumovate plus 175 g aqueous cream 50 g Eumovate plus 200 g aqueous cream 100 g Eumovate plus 150 g aqueous cream 62.5 g Eumovate plus 187.5 g aqueous cream. Which ofthe following is the correct number of allopurinol 300 mg tablets required ‘when preparing the following prescription fora gout pat urrently unable to swallow tablets? Allopurinol 50 mg/mL Cherry syrup ad 150 mL. Signa (Label) 10 mL. inthe morning ater food 0 25 10 15 40 Which ofthe following ae the correct amounts of diclofenac sodium and misoprostol required to prepare 25 tablets according to the formula for an individual tablet given below? Dit sun 8g Moral 0 sino Pwd (sufficient quantity 1250 mg diclofenac sodium and SO mg misoprostol 1250 mg diclofenac sodium and 0.5 mg misoprostol 250 mg diclofenac sodium and 5 mg misoprostol 125 mg dilofenae sodium and 0.5 mg misoprostol@ _1250:meg diclofenac sodium and 5 mg misoprostol 66) Which of the following is the amount of codeine hydrochloride (solubility in 20 of water) that will dissolve in 150 mL water? a) 1858 b) 858 @ 758 a 55g 2) 43g 67) Whatis the amount of hydrocortisone cream 1% w/w required to be added toa suitable Given ream to prepare 20 g of 03% wiw hydrocorisone cream?) Gy 68) You have been asked to prepare 250g of a steroid cream containing 0,0SY%wiw rmometasone furoate. The cream must be prepared by diluting a commercially available preparation containing 0.1%w/w mometasone furoate (Elocon™). What is the correct unity (othe nearest whole number) of Elocon™ cream tobe used? {2 69) A 100ml dextrose infusion isto be administered over 8 hours. The giving set available delivers 20 drops per illite. How many drops per minute should be administered? a) 2.1drops/min b)— 4.2drops/min ©) 6.25 drops/min d) 33.3 drops/min @ — 42drops/min 70) Which of the following isthe amount of Codeine Linctus, BP (codeine phosphate 15 rmg/S mL) required to be added toa suitable diluent to prepare 75 ml. Codeine Linctu, Pacdiatric, BP (codeine phosphate 3 mg/5 mL)? a) 20mL @ ism 2 10mL 9 mb ©) mL 71) Which of the following is the volume of a 4 mg/mL. suspension of drug G that you ‘would prepare fora patent who required 14 mg twice daily for 7 days? 2) mL b) 28mL 3) 50mL 49 mL 2) Sm 72) The manufacturer of ferous gluconate cannot supply due to a fire in the main manufacturing plant. Your patient normally takes two tablets once dey. They ae now being given Plesmet syrup as an alternative. They need to receive exactly the same ‘mount of iron, Which of the following would be an appropriate dose ofthis syrup? Ferrous gluconate tablets contain 35 mg ion per tablet Pesmet syrup contains 25 mg, iron mL. 8) Smb thre times daily>) 2 2 2B) 6 mL twice daily 7 mL once daily 7 mL twice daly mL once daily Ferrous gluconate tablets are out of stock and your patient normally takes two tablets nce daly, The GP has preseribed Galfer syrup as an alternative. The patient needs to feccive the same amount of iron, Which ofthe following would be an appropriate dose of Galfer syrup? Ferrous gluconate contains 35 mg iron. Galfer syrup contains 45 mg iron ml. 15,6 mL twice daily 7.8 mL once daily 7.8 mL twice daily 15.6 mL once daily 15.6 mL three times daily Given thatthe relative molecular mass (RMM) of sodium chloride is $8.5 g/mol, which of the following amounts of sodium chloride powder would be required to prepare 300 mL of a solution containing 50 mmoV/L? 0.878 g 0.585 ¢ 175g 1g Ise ‘A tablet labelled to contain 350 mg ibuprofen has acceptable limits of 90-110% of that ‘amount. Which ofthe following indicates the limits of content? 300-400 mg 310-390 mg 315-385 mg 320-380 mg 340-360 mg Ege eachot te living se pret rag io ron " ¢ On tote jars "3s Bye? a YP 1:250 ws raat ‘ rapesseatoftelovingssaraio ste os 0.6% 2 0.33% oe 0.5% Lo Express each of the following concentrations as a ratio strength:\e 2mg ot ative ingredient in2mL-ofsolatin J "| gig | BC 0.275 mg of active ingredient in § mL of solution \* {got active ingredient in 250 mL afsoluion |; 12.S T imgof ave ingredient in 0.5 ma of soluion | ; SCO) pose 79) You have the following prescription Ketorolac ophthalmic solution 0.5% Disp. S mL ‘Sig: One drop qi.d. pm allergic conjunctivitis How many milligrams of the active constituent would be present in each drop of the ‘ophthalmic solution ifthe dropper service delivers 20 drops per milliliter? @ 025mg b) 25mg ©) 0.025 mg 4) 125mg ©) 25mg 80) Calculate the percentage strength ofan injection that contains 2 mg of hydromorphone hydrochloride in each milliliter of injection. (3 “/. 81) Oxycodone hydrochloride orl concentrate solution contains 20 mg/mL. Ifa dose of 0.75 mL is added to 30 mL of juice prior to administration, calculate (a) the milligrams of oxycodone hydrochloride administered and (6) the percent concentration of xyeodone hyéroeloride inthe drink, assuming that volumes are adive. 1) 1579 by 0.0497. 82) Calculate the percent stength of morphine sulfate in an injectable solution with a concentration of 10 mg/mL. | “/, 83) Hydromorphone hydrochloride suppositories contain 3 mg of active ingredieng and ‘weigh approximately 2g each. What ste equivalent percentage strength? ©) .4.5"/. 84) A transdermal patch contains 6.2 mg of fentanyl and has a drug-release rate of 50 meghour. The patch is worn for 72 hours. Caleulate (a) the milligrams of fentanyl delivered daily, (b) the milligrams of fentanyl remaining in the patch when itis removed, and (6) the percentage of drug remaining inthe patch when itis removed. al te2mg / bl Z.6mq le) 447, 85) The dose of diclofenac sodium (VOLTAREN GEL), when applied tothe hands in the treatment of arthritic pain, is 2g four times a day. The gel contains diclofenac sodium 1% and is available in 100-g tubes. How many grams of the drug diclofenac sodium would be administered per day, and how many days of treatment would be avaiable per tube of gel? 4. Bg diclofenac sodium per day for 8 days b. 8 gdiclofenac sodium per day for 12.5 days £80 mg diclofenac sodium per day for 8 days © 0.08 gdictofenae sodium per day for 12.5 days 86) A physician ordered 20 mg of meperidine hydrochloride and 0.3 mg of atropine sulfate to be administered preoperatively to a patient by intravenous injection. Meperidine81) 88) 89) e@rce Labs. hydrochloride is avilable ina vial containing 25 mg/mL and atropine sulfate is ina vial eonaining 04 mg/mL. How many mililiters ofeach shouldbe used in filing the malieiononder! 2 Land OES mL, nerjarc {A pediatric patient is prescribed 40 mg of prednisolone per day in two divided doses. How many divided doses are available in 6 floz. of oral solution containing prednisolone 20 mg/S mL dispensed tothis patient? 35 4 Joys - 36 dowy Tablets containing 50 mg cortisone acetate have been formulated. Which of the following isthe amount of steroid in each abet? (RMM: cortisone, CaHa1Os = 360.4 sotconbone seas CltsOenamsetmel dy, 14 mg Codeine phosphate oral solution contains 0.5% w/v codeine phosphate hemihydrate or ‘an equivalent concentration of codeine phosphate sesquihydrate. (RMM: codeine phosphate hemihydrate, CISH2INO3.H3PO4. 1/ 2H20 = 406.4 wmol; codeine phosphate sesquiydrate, C18H2INO3.H3PO4.11/ 2H20 = 424.4 g/mol.) Which ofthe following is the amount of codeine phosphate sesquihydrate required to prepare 500 rm codeine phosphate oral solution? 052g 522g 2508 2618 2958 ‘he relationship between the absorbance of ultraviolet light by a drug molecule in solution and its concentration in that solution is given by A = che, where A is the absorbance, es the molar absorptivity of the drug b the pathlength ofthe cell used for ‘measurement in a spectrometer and ¢ the concentration ofthe drug in solution. An experimental anxiolytic agent has a molar absorptivity of 0.56 mol Llem at 265 nm ‘when in aqueous solution. Ifthe pathlength ofthe cell used for measurement is em and the measured absorbance is 0.14, which ofthe following isthe concentration ofthe drug in solution? 5.00 moVL 0.05 moVL 0.25 moVL. 2.50 moVL, 0550 moWL. A.0.02 moV/L aqueous solution of a novel opioid compound has an absorbance of 0.5. Which ofthe following isthe molar absorptivity ofthis compound ifthe path length of the cell used for measurement is 1 em? 25 mol Liem 500 mol Liem 5 mol Liem 250 mol Liem 50 mol Liem96) ” solution ofan experimental Which ofthe following is the concentration ofan alcoholic 0f 0.25 mg/mL steroidifits absorbance at 285 nm is 0, given that an aleoholie sol has an absorbance of 0.5 at 285 nm? 0.5 mgimL 0.01 mg/mL. 0.05 mgim 0.10 mg/mL. 0.15 mgimt. Which of the following is the concentration of an aqueous solution of an experimental ‘opioid analogue if its absorbance at 230 nm is 0.25, given that an aqueous solution of ‘04 mg/mL has an absorbance of 0.1 at 230 nm? 0.05 mg/mL. 0.01 mgiml. 0.10 mg/mL. 0.15 mg/mL. 15 mg/mL. “The theoretical yield for a particular route to diclofenac synthesis is 25 g. If 18. g are produced, which of the following isthe percentage yield fortis synthetic route? 74.0% 14% 185% 25.0% 60.5% Calculate the quantity of cach ingredient needed to prepare 1S mL. ofthe following ophthalmic solution. ythromycin lactobionate some $9 4 Dexamethasone sodium phosphate 100mg 15 »4 Glycerin 25mL (0,5 ¢S AL Sterile water for injection, ad 100 mL. (Smal, ‘The fora for an analgesic ointment solos: Menthol mg ~ 240 0 Glimaltyinte 10g) S04 tua op = teq Lar Hg ~ 280 How many gam of x ngeo wold ke needa o prepara den 30-1 of cintment? 400.0454 The biotechnology product pegfilgrastim (NEULASTA) contains the following in 0.6 ml pre-filled syringes Pegflgasim 61mg Sorbitol 30mg x Polysorbate 20 002mg Water for injection, qs 0.6 mL.98) oD) 100) How much ofthe first three ingredients woud be needed to manufacture 100,000 such syringes? A pcscrntion for 240 mL of cough mixture all for 2 mg of hydrocodone bitte pet teaspoonful. How many tablets, each containing § mg of hydrocodone bitrate, Should Be used in preparing the cough mixture? 44, ¢) Given the prescription: Ketorolac tromethamine 7.5 mg!S ml. Suspension vehicle ad 120m. Sig. 1 tsp q6h How many 10 mg ketorolac tromethamine tablets may be used to prepare this mrcinion | Lalita ‘A physician prescribes 30 capsules, each containing 300 mg of buprfen, fora patient. The pharmacist has on hand 400-mg and 600-mg ibuprofen tablets. How ‘many each ofthese tablets could be used to obtain the amount of ibuprofen needed in preparing the prescription? J} 15 of the Omg P ee Hg a OO ap Dy Ge, YOOm] Mg + Foden ae Jt in wu