Assignment: SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

TO Prof. Shahzad Liaqat

NAME: HAMAD AHMAD
Roll no. 23783
BSCS 5th Semester Batch 18-A
 ANSWER NO.1
FACTORS:
 Main Factor which causes the increase in cost is to
giving extra benefits to other 80% employees from
the given budget of the project.
 These 80% employees have no concern with that
project so they wouldn’t deserve benefits from the
budget of Project.
 Obviously, there was a management team of the
factory who gave extra benefits to other 80%
employees, so they were at wrong point of
management.
 Management team did not analyze about the given
budget before giving extra benefits to other 80%
employees that is why the project was more than
the estimated cost.
MEASURES:
 Only the 20% Employees deserve benefits (or extra
benefits) because only they had concern with
project.
  Other 80% employees should get benefits from
factory’s other budgets, they are not concerned with
the project, they are not working on.
 Factory’s management team should give benefits to
only the team which is working on the project
related to the benefits.
 Management team should analyze the budget
estimate before giving any type of extra benefits to
other employees.
 Moreover, Management should give extra benefits
to other 80% employees after the completion of
project or from the profit of the project.

ANSWER NO. 2

Spiral model is better choice to do apply for the given

scenario by the project management team.
Reason:
Spiral Model is a combination of a waterfall model and
iterative model. Each phase in spiral model begins with a
design goal and ends with the client reviewing the
progress. In this regard the project management team
may go for more iteration before finalizing the project.
The development team in Spiral-SDLC model starts with a
small set of requirements and goes through each
development phase for those set of requirements. The
software engineering team adds functionality for the
additional requirement in every-increasing spirals until
the application is ready for the production phase.
The main reason why we use spiral mode is that:

 For medium to high-risk projects

 When requirements are unclear and complex
 When changes may require at any time
In Spiral Model:
 Additional functionality or changes can be done at a
later stage.
 Continuous or repeated development helps in risk
management.
 There is always a space for customer feedback.

This is why spiral model is best for that project.

Answer no. 3
Abstraction: is a technique for arranging complexity of
computer systems. It works by establishing a level of
simplicity on which a person interacts with the system,
suppressing the more complex details below the current
level.
Encapsulation: is one of the fundamental concepts in
object-oriented programming (OOP). It describes the
idea of bundling data and methods that work on that
data within one unit, e.g., a class in Java. This concept is
also often used to hide the internal representation, or
state, of an object from the outside.
Binding time: It defines the latest time during the
software life cycle when something flexible becomes
decided and fixed. This heavily impacts the flexibility of a
software design and the resulting application. A
terminology for describe binding time is established and
an analysis is carried out in form of side-by-side
comparisons for patterns and mechanisms from the
creational, structural, and behavioral domains.