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Unit 1

1. IELTS test
Positive backwash: students learn and practice both receptive and productive skills
Negative backwash: the speaking section is restricted to monologue or one-way conversation; no dialogue or
discussion. This restricts student’s ability to engage in two-way communication.
2. The IELTS test has been tested across multiple countries with a panel of experts. Therefore, it is safe to assume
that the test generally give accurate information.
3. Principle 2 might prove to be a problem as it is not always possible to hide a test taker’s identity before their
test is scored.
4. JUST DO IT!
Unit 3
Language test: IELTS
1. Test purpose: to accurately assess a candidate’s English proficiency.
2. The tests involves direct testing.
3. Items are integrative.
4. All items for the Reading and Listening components are objective. Those from the Speaking and Writing
components are subjective.
5. The test is criterion-referenced.
6. The test covers four skills, making it valid and reliable as a tool to measure communicative abilities.
Unit 4
Test: National English University Entrance Exam in 2023
Content validity: the test specifications and the test items are aligned.
Face validity: the test looks like a test and adheres to the format of the reference test.
Unit 5

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