1A word order in questions questions with be and can Ae you hang? QU Ie there atk ear here? Cont ethers? What wen that noe? Where were you bom? + We make question withthe verb be and can by inverting the verb andthe subject She ia techer ~ la shea teacher? Ie ean cove ~ Can he cov? tnhich are generally ue of avays Rapper wt oe wa set sues ‘eononant sy et oh faites eter chsh olde geenldoen adder he he ane 1 A hat are you doing? B Im sending a message to Sarah 2 My brother doing two-month couse inthe UK. 3 ints picture the woman standing near a table + We use the present continu 1 forthngs nap 2 fortemporary hs 3 to desenbe wha + We use the present simple fr things we do every day week / yor oF 1+ We use don't/ doesnt in negative sentence, and do / doesn questions 4C present continuous: be + verb + -ing GRAMMAR BANK ‘questions with do / does / did in present simple and past simple Cueton word Aumiary Subject afin Ors Do you teeth your parents Bia Where does Wen aid wat did thy tallkabout?™ + You can use ASI Auniory, Subject, Infinitis) or QUASI (Question word ‘Aunlary, Subject, Infinite to remember word order in questions. UWohere’+ a preposition, we often pu tat the end of a question, #9 Whe do you Ie wth? 4B present simple adverbs and expressions of frequency yal we or uss | 1 Hestiomsecutontaaynine, | 6 ~ nye me ‘She doesn't usually study at weekends. a eaily werkt om My brother works in the city contre tmnever a Mypwertsdon'we reas bere dowsn'ften ain er Ho anny ate for war 1 Doyouspeat French? Deets me penmuiee 2 She gets ea eery Sor AD Yes, de. / No, i don't. Yes, he dows. No he doesn’t aerate 1 We often ure the pretent simple with adverbs tl frequency (alway, often, sometimes, usually arly over never + Adverbs of Frequency go betoce the main verb. + Adverbs of equency go ater be. Shes never ill NOT Shesd-noves 2 Expretsions of requency (every day, once a ‘nach, ete) usally go at the end of sentence present simple or present continuous? tae 1 A Whatde youd our 12 TF Monto anit company 2 A Whatare you doing? 8m checking my mextages 3 ke th parting, es beaut, 1 We use the present simple fr things that are generally te or ways happen 2 We us the present continuous for an action happening now, at hie momant 2 We normaly ute verbs which describe states or Feelings non-ation verb) eg, want, need ike, Inthe present simple, not continuous, ©, Vie Halon food. NOT Frehtme- taker food:2A past simple: regular and irregular verbs sen separ (3) Westayed ats otto sumer. Elect ty with enc Bid yousiaylr the webend? CD vente Wn) Where iyo sty? She did't goto France Did you go to Machi? Wir dd you go? + We us the past simple to talk abou finshed actions that happened ‘once or more than once inthe past, +The form of the past simple i the same fr al persons. + Tomake the pat simple of regu verbs add -e. See the spating ruesin the chart. “+ Many common verbs ar regular in pat simple. (09, go went s26-~ sam, Soe regular verbs p 164 2B past continuous: was / were + verb + -ing @2n ‘A, 8.45 lat Saturday wa walking in the pak The bide were singing. wasnt raining {A War traning when yeu got up? B No it wasnt [A wnat wore you daing at TI otlock last ght? 8 I was watching TV, O22 Iowan to Tukey twice ast yeor GRAMMAR BANK + We use cid + infinitive fr negatives and Dia. + subject + inne for questions, * Use AS! and QuASI c remember word order questions. See TA p 126, ‘peting ae for reg ats Intniive pst pling ta mat ae nd nd nabs ne pba yee ncomonant Itt ri in connor stop atpped foe corer dose oe ‘at eoreonnt ‘past simple or past continuous? Yer rebigintepuimrvten zi? ‘he took a photo of us. 7 My ste arin when was having hnch + W often use the past continuous and the past THe She wer werting, Yous They were wor a dee es simple tether nthe same sentence. We use ive /Sherh mmatwarking. You/We They werent weking the past continuous to talk about longer seton ane meting? tu bow /No, hewn thatwas happening inthe background when te on ortor poet emple action eppene (ZI ere tay worn? Rehearing 3, O7~ Pest tinple action opened. += We use the past contour to describe an action n guages ata spect moment in the past + We often ue the past continuous to describe the situation a the begining of estoy eg I 1972 Iwas ving London. 2C time sequencers ‘On theft date they went wo aestaurant ‘ter that they started meting every day. Cn Thursday hada agurert with my Boss ‘he nort doy decided Yolook for 8 roms Wiest downto et Two minutos ater my phone ran, When are ov of the cb he was mang forme ‘The acedert happened when war ong the oad. + We use time sequoncers to sy when orin what order things happen + We use when ‘etone Vas watching TY Joned ey when [Di aw ae connectors: because, so, but, although because and s0 O21 ‘Sho os dining at because she wasn hry she wat ina try £0 she was driving fat + We use hecause to expres 1 We uso 500 express a result ‘but and although ‘he tied to stop the ey, but he it thera Although she edt stop the cr, she tthe man ‘She was very ted, but she could sleep She coud sleep although she was very Sed + We use but and although to show a contrast. + Although can ga at the bagining onthe mide of 213 3A be going to (plans and predictions) 1 tm going to gv aah at a conference Oss HES going to meet meat he arport 2 timsute England are gong tse tomeoron Wageng ' you! wel thoy arene We Yepningte Sho “Hgengte gheata She teangeng te gino, 3B present continuous (future arrangements) tm seeing no ied right oon Ste ernning ot lunch lste un tntng el They en cong © nt we you doing ts Nha mood un theron cotinuous with a future mearing, especialy rangement e for planswe have mode ata fixed tie ‘or place inthe future Dorit use the present simple fr ths Nor # Wg relative clauses with who, which, where Oa rary as yea, 1 Thats the woman who won the [chal a apersn who cooks 2. Acocks something which tl the ime {Sita the book which won an portent pie? 2. Apoat offices place whore you can buy stamps. Thats the restorer where ad done lest wes = We use defining relative clauses to explain what a person, ‘thing or place sor does. 1 Ure who fr» person © 2 Use ich fora tag 3 Use mhorefor «pace 1 The verb aftr where naeds a subject, 9. you * We can slo use which to tak abouts place ©, A portotfce is place which sell stamps GRAMMAR BANK 1 We ute be going t + infinitive to tall about future plans orintentions 2 We ao use be going to + Infinitive to make TIprediction when we know or can see thet Semething fs going t happen. 6.3 Is winter there 20 going to be cold Look ot that cot’ going to crash [1D be going tor present contiuovs? ‘tneoing, 29 im going fo zee Anna on Thosday OR Fim seeing Anna on Tuesdey | Wisvery common to ue the present contouous | twine exprestonefongh tomorow. his weekend, etc andwith verb deserbng travel Srangerents 09.90 cone lve, ve Tm leaving on Mery mare common than | __Fmgeing te leave on Mond [Dome Wi conve tinea of who o which She the gl who that wrk wath my brothar thing which’ that connec two Eomputers4A present perfect 1 ve dened the gets nent ou Hehave' done the making up. Con youhelp me doit? ‘The concer stars soon hare youtured your phone? 8 Yes Ihave 2 Maryshad er baby) prc has are for you 1 We often use the present perfect to talk about the recent pst and ts relationship withthe prs ve cleaned {he fdge, 20 now t looks new We don't say exactly when ‘things happened, e.g ve leaned the fidge. NOT I've aed the fg om mates 290 2 We often use the present perfec to give recent news Gata eoen aa pes particle rerSerane NeiSiee Nearer ep Thayne Theyve— Theyhovent ave youtnished he ec? Yeu ve /Na have’. athe donothehomenen? Yeu be han No he han 4B present perfect or past simple? (1) present perfect experiances and uninshed te a9 {ve never et Rin’ husband Heteoen tat fim wee + Wie often use the present perfect to tak about post bout the recent past when we ‘drt speiy a ime. In questions and negatives we ‘often ute evar (at any time in your Me) and never 4C something, anything, nothing, etc. [Fl Somebody Someone ha taken my pal 422 eit speak oamjbody /anpone all weekend. (2) Ddanybody/enyone phone? {No nobody noone Nobody No one phoned Gt howgt semething for de. Elche do anything ate weekend. [iether anything inthe fig? [BINo, nothing. There's nothing nthe fdge Let's go somenhere this weekend things GRAMMAR BANK + For regular vet the pat participle ithe same asthe past ‘Simpl (+ ed For uregula verbs the past partcple s ‘scmetine tho tame ve the past simple eg. buy, Bought, bough) and sometimes diferent fg do, a, dom) See regular verbs p 16, yet, just, alroady 1A Have you tisha your homework yet? Na naryet Ihave’ finshed yet. 2 Mysistersjust started anew job. 3 A Doyouwanttosee thiatin? 1B No. Tve already sen three ues + We often use yet, jst, rd aad wth he present perfect 1 louse yet the present prlect in and nntences {basil somethng hos happened ooo haart happened We put yt at th se anton 2 Wows sn eentances ty tat omsthing happened very econ. We put a fae tho main er 3 ese easy lentances ay that someting happened blre noo eae the npc We put steady bso the main verb pretont perfect or past simple? ‘Have you ever been to Manic? B Yes, Ihave, [A\When did you go hare? B | wont lat ye ‘A Jac's broken leg.” B Ohnat Whon did that happen? 1 Yesterday. He broke paying fotbal 420 *+ Conversations about experiences et the rocent past often begin Inthe present perfect (ith »gorerl question or ome reward then change tthe past simple to ask lor ar give specific deals, 09, when, what, where who with ee PD been and gore Compare the presen perect of be and oo Micha bean to Ps. = He wont to Pant ord care back Mis has gone o Pas. = Hein Pas now + We use somebody / somecne, something, somewhere. wih 2 vero when you don't say exactly who, what, or where. * We use any! anyone, anything. anywhere in questions and negatives, We can also use somethingin a request or olfer, 9 Can you buy some rik? Would you ike something to erin? Td’ do anything lst ight. NOT tired nothing * We use nobody / noone, nothing, nowhere in short answers orn aentence wth ave. | Yovcan came syd = ses mater whic dy you come Ary can come oe pay = Xd atte oes | tednsiep anyaere = doeert mater where sleep | Toveonbeganynng.=téoesrtmacer wit yeuting |5 5A comparatives adjectives 1m bsla tha Poop se more 2 Fimloss 3. The serve mths restaurants a8 good anit was. tmpaient today than nthe past + To compare two people, paces, or things we ws: 23 (not a acectne + 25 comparative adjectives thot are ne bie or one pb adectnes ring hed mre = eectve ry two pabl adecties ring a eld good better for father wor merits mae + cece regina 5B superlatives 1 Tokyo thecleanestcaptalctyintheworld— @SA2 Spun isene ofthe mest popular hobdoy destinations. Comping the lee expensive way to go on haley. 2 feathe mest beaut ety Ive over been te tthe bet fm ve sen the oor We use tho + superative adjectives say which the biggest ete In group. [After superativs we use in names of pees or singular ‘word or groups of people a Ie the noes ty in thewone Anns te oldest in tho cos. We can 00 use the aaa adjatv, «the feast fexpensve OR the ghaapest, 5¢ quantifiers too much too many, t20 4 myer sessed today Ihave too much work SIT Ny bow tas tow much 2 Myce is unbeaity 2at 00 many cakes and sects 3 don't want ogo ou tonight. mooted + We ute too much, too many toot say ‘more than is good: 41 Use too much + uncounable noun fog colle, tne) or her wre 2 Use too mary + courtable roun e.g, cates, people) 3 Use toa + a adjective NOT tn-toomuc od GRAMMAR BANK adverbs 1 People math more gui than th post 2. She dona dive a fast as her brother + To compare two actions we ue: comparative odverbs, 3 (not a adverts + as. comparative adverbs quily ere aay vet ening ny more + adverb fant fete hed ardor lute eter ‘gar [Ane comparative + anc ax atwe ue an cect pronoun le ree} ors sbject pronoun» aunry ve, os rot as eligot x her He's not ar ntaligert as she 2 We often use the + suparative with the present perfect + sdecve heathy haber bend — ere bentl good ater a reo erate he timest ie (not) enough 1 Doyouest enough vegetables? Font crn enough mate 2 Jone doosrt sleep enough. She's always ied 3 Our niger ng enough fora amy fe dont goto bed esly enough during the week. + Use enough blots # noun to mean ll tha 2 Use enough ate verb with no abject. 2 Use enough afte an adjective or adverb, necessarySi este ek wre To & ve desnes sino 2nmes lye 4 Adv fre + Verbs} [Sib + Vero mbe + Adv. Free | Aw: CSempre) Uscetty Cusuatmenre ) ene Cenerstmune) _| Normally Cnormimerre) OFrea ( A ends) Frequently (€recucaremere ) Someries Alps wus) | Oceasionuy Cocesvorzimer Seldon (Ree vez) Rarety C rarameare) Werdty everCcasi nunca) | Never (ounce) e we /detome de) ) in Frow of ( iN ane comer (ents es 9 Are mi Ate OF (on a mndoe) Nexs 0 Car 00) on. ate Wer OF C2 to izeneda) | Under |Gury Condobes) =? Ups Miss ce pee Good _twatine (~ ) Nie (parr personoudea) 2zy (Pere zo: pte) Shy ( tim Funny Cgieass0) henvet e Gene rors C gen xtroverr Cexy int Cemrdw) herd Woe Quiet Ctospato) Mean C2@A0} ST Cestupds) 9 emigelat ) UN hing _( NO amesTO tosh 2F rer (aurea 204) 2 Casrrse) Qeariemn (Cryin) (mayer & nepocos) BNnt mine Moe. o Comore Seven Cm Nope TL (esperar) fins (ope Capt qo) CQuznres ) \qufend2) ci prcsie Cano)pride Foggy Er nied Crome, ~ Nueredo % nm (rcvur ¢ a cal « (rrdvar por io cal: = Envir & Blpywr Be Your Numb w wm Somveoty + quite of ~ Tew esier auidoPast Simple (Accows en pres Compern > Fartads) Roger vers 9D Dex sys weP aHypVere + ee 4 Aver. Gdn2 Cdn 3 id sine Vere? (1 Soya dd a The yer ver > Sy) + Covle +verd = Sv) & Correni 4vero A Su) Sere (Zn) P Corey su) Awe © Was / were e *+S+ Was fore +2, | SA aps fers + Uers 8 S Xylses h fa rent 4 ver’ geri (ux oo xc + S + vei “ing no SKE Uda Nce.ch On Proyesa CN UN ESLER monn Gr P72? Rare corr eh Sets A var siweaos i 2 pus Seta OY SE momere) PA Bur tn PPs2dd Grolmerce er MV MEMS (ecm ow acces wer on Pax VIER PRT HALnee @ Vocabuase Aicporss (Reropuerns) Keawats CAcevos) (Passa pact seams, Core ce pep Rag drop C Desqacrw d gage?) Lewurry areal Co Baggage Cdain Crewo de op¢% Termaal (err Trley Cano ce Cheats Cusroms ( Rcanad) os ( Sawea de aviones) Gaon (Reservar) Depa: Deparue Lourpet Sala ch espea) wore gate Weds 2k Chere) rgort (Recopue To mi Hain Tip Cua) Eswpowr(e Flont( Vuelo) Liga ( Vou : S.C Zona de Cam) Gaara eee CAL Con Coma a (os viag. ana) | @ “rave \ nes Law Ley) As got as (im (wero AS g Gas Clean ane Floor Climpiar ¢l piss) do te rong (Plenerer) do tre Snagpag Ge ce compres) She vakcwuming (Aspuer) cons y ay JHU Guasnng Cray a ve ( Laver tos pies) nitwre (Secrw e QAO 2 los mass) Sime cs: dust ane pr Comer) lay tre Tree (Rone: Ws prow lore Ane dishwaste: C rg. eves tos Mere loam ( preprer © winds) Poh UE ety clones C Levene bo rap? Suc!— A gi@ dy] : guea)gece (oerrer ) | Polen ieteecue A | Consoware ty => ier CAsomanw Vvow\ _corsoren _ Slowlyiy gins eters (Sopaitenwes) Gd 2 Lopes, ms corse [More floss 4 eaves + then wp) AS + Advers + 25 _