Topic 3 - Chinese Architecture-Merged

LPU PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS
Lord of light and wisdom, Grant us bright intellect, a

sound judgment and retentive memory. Help us to
study patiently, orderly and diligently. To develop
our gifts and make good uise of them accordingly to
your will, as we commit ourselves to Veritas et
Foritudo, Pro Deo et Patria.
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Amen

CHINESE
ARCHITECTURE
Chinese architecture demonstrates an architectural
style that developed over millennia in China, before
spreading out to influence architecture throughout
East Asia. Since the solidification of the style in the
early imperial period, the structural principles of
Chinese architecture have remained largely
unchanged, the main changes being only the
decorative details.
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHTECTURE 3
AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
Chinese Architecture
The indigenous architecture of vast country in eastern Asia whose

civilization has continually evolved and survived longer than any
nation in the world.
Despite the marked diversity in the architecture of various region
caused by differences in geographic and climatic conditions, a
unique system of wood frame construction gradually took shape
over several millenia of innovation and synthesis and extended a
profound influence over the architecture of Korea, Japan and Asia.
.
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3
INFLUENCES
HIS TORY
Only anc ient ci viliza ti on that has co ntinued u p to thi s day.
Succe ss ion of empe rors an d dyn asties and w ar r i ng states
1750 BC, a k ingd om emerged in the mid dle r eaches o f the Yellow Ri ver i n
China, ru l ed by S hang Dynasty
Lasted 100 0 years but bro ke u p into man y smaller ki ngdoms.
INFLUENCES
HIS TORY
221 BC, Shi Huangd i of Chin too k contr o l
and b ec ame t he first empero r o f China
Ru led with armies and officials
Organiz ed h ug e number o f labor ers to w or k
for him
Buil t the Great W all of Ch in a to r epel
norther n e nem ies
Ter ra-c otta army of 60 00 life-size so ldi ers,
hor se s and chari ot s was buried with the
emper or
Shi Hu angdi d ied i n 210 BC, Chin dyn asty
was re pla ced by Ha n and western J in
dynastie s
INFLUENCES
SOCIE TY
Forei gn tr ad e by l an d a nd sea
Theor is ts , sch ools of philoso phy
Co nf u cius , L ao-Tzu
Writin g, cal endar and money
Art s, p aint in g, callig ra phy, architecture
INFLUENCES
C LI MAT E OF CHI NA
The cent ral zone has a g en erally temper ate cli mate.
The sout hern zone ha s a generally subtropi cal cli mate.
The n or thern zone ha s a climate with winter s o f Ar cti c severi ty
R ELI GI ON
Confucia ni sm - code of so ci al conduct an d phil oso ph y of li fe,
fam ily and ancestor worsh ip.
Taoi sm - univ ersal love as a so lutio n t o so ci al di sor der.
Buddhis m - Gods and Bud dhas
INFLUENCES
CONF UCIA NISM
Confucianis m is one of the most in fl u enti al
religious p hilosophies in t he histo ry of China, an d
it has exis ted for ov er 2,500 years. It is co n cer ned
with inner v irtue, moralit y, and respect fo r the
commu nity and i ts values.
Confucianis m i s an anc ient C hin ese belief system,

which f ocu ses on t he impo rtance o f per so nal
et hics and m oral ity. Whether it is o nly o r a
phil osophy or also a relig ion is debated. M enci u s
(or Meng K e who liv e d from 372 to 289 B .C.E.) i s
the be st- known Confucian philoso pher after
Confuciu s himself.
INFLUENCES
TAO ISM
Taoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that instructs believers on how to
exist in harmony with the universe.
Taoism (also spelled Daoism) is a religion and a philosophy from ancient China that has
influenced folk and national belief. Taoism has been connected to the philosopher Lao
Tzu, who around 500 B.C.E. wrote the main book of Taoism, the Tao Te Ching. Taoism
holds that humans and animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe.
Taoists believe in spiritual immortality, where the spirit of the body joins the universe
after death.
One of the main ideas of Taoism is the belief in balancing forces, or

yin and yang. These ideas represent matching pairs, such as light
and dark, hot and cold, action and inaction, which work together
toward a universal whole. Yin and yang show that everything in the
universe is connected and that nothing makes sense by itself.
INFLUENCES
TAO ISM
Mount Laojun
Mount Laojun in Luoyan, Henan

Province, China is a sacred site
for Taoists. Hundreds of Taoists
embark on pilgrimages every
year along with tourists from
around the world to see this
spectacular site.
Source:
https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/photos/198/032/94fbb008-
e279-41ae-a087-5acd8ffd0826.jpg
INFLUENCES
BU DDHI SM
Buddhism is one of the world’s largest religions and originated
2,500 years ago in India. Buddhists believe that the human life is
one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor,
and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or
nirvana.
Buddhism is one of the world’s major religions. It originated in
India in 563–483 B.C.E. with Siddhartha Gautama.
Buddhists believe that human life is a cycle of suffering and
rebirth, but that if one achieves a state of enlightenment
(nirvana), it is possible to escape this cycle forever.
Siddhartha Gautama was the first person to reach this state of
enlightenment and was, and is still today, known as the Buddha.
Buddhists do not believe in any kind of deity or god, although
there are supernatural figures who can help or hinder people on
the path towards enlightenment.

INFLUENCES
BU DDHI SM

INFLUENCES
BU DDHI SM
The Buddha taught about Four Noble Truths.
The first truth is called “Suffering (dukkha),” which teaches that

everyone in life is suffering in some way.
The second truth is “Origin of suffering (samudāya).” This states
that all suffering comes from desire (tanhā).
The third truth is “Cessation of suffering (nirodha),” and it says
that it is possible to stop suffering and achieve enlightenment.
The fourth truth, “Path to the cessation of suffering (magga)” is
about the Middle Way, which are the steps to achieve
enlightenment.

THE ELEMENTS OF CHINESE ARCHITECTURE
I. AR CHI TECTU RAL BI LATERAL
SYM MET RY
Em phasi s on art iculati on

and b il ateral symm etr y ,
whi ch s ig nifies balanc e.
In con trast t o the b ui l dings,
Chines e g ardens are a
notabl e e xc epti on which
tends to be asymm etric al. SIHEYUAN
A h istorical type of
residence that was
comm only found
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269966756/figure/fig18/AS:3914
30758518790@1470335773132/Siheyuan-entrance-showing-windows-on- through out Ch ina , m ost
wall-8_Q640.jpg
famo us ly in Beij ing .

II: ENCLOS URE
B uildi ngs or bui ldi ng complexes take up

an entire property but encloses o pen
s paces within it sel f. Two types o f
enclosed spac es:
- Courtyards
- Skywe ll
Serve i n tem perature r egulatio n

and i n vent ing t he bu ilding co mplexes.
II: ENCLOS URE
- Nort he rn co ur t ya rd s a r e t ypi ca ll y ope n a nd f aci ng

the sout h t o all o w t h e ma ximum ex po sure of the
bu il din g w in d ows an d wa ll s to the s un whil e
keep ing t he cold n or t h er n win ds out.
- Sou t he rn sk y wel ls a r e re lati vel y sma ll a nd ser v es
to c ol l e ct r a in w at er fr om t he roo f to ps whil e
r es trict in g t he amoun t o f sul ight that en ters the
bu il din g.
- Sky we ll s a lso s er ve a s ve nts f o r r isin g hot ai r ,
whi ch d ra ws co o l air fr o m t he lo wers sto rir e s o f the
house an d a llows for e xch a nge o f co ll a ir wi th the
outs io de .
III: HIERARCHI AL
Buildings with doors facing the front of the property are considered more
important than those facing the sides.
Building facing away from the front of the property are the least important.
Building in the rear and more private parts of the property are held in higher
esteem and reserve for elder members of the family or ancestral plaques
than buildings near the front which are typically for servants and hired help.
Front facing buildings in the back of properties are used particularly for
rooms of celebratory rites and for the placement of ancestral halls and
plaques.
In multiple courtyard complexes, central courtyard and their buildings are
cosidered more important than peripheral once, the latter which are
typically used as storage or servnats rooms and kitchen.
IV: HORIZO NTAL EMP HASIS
Buildings especially those of the wealthy are built with an emphasis on

breadth and less on height, with close heavy platform and large roof that
floats over this base, with the vertical walls not well emphasized.
Chinese architecture stresses the visual impact of the width of the buildings.
V. MYTHI CAL CO NCEPTS
Concepts from feng shui geomancy and mythic elements of Daoism are
usually present in the construction and layout of Chinese architecture.
- Screen walls to face the main entrance of the house, which stems from the
belief that evil things travel on straight lines.
Talismans and fortuitous imagery:
- Door gods displayed on doorways to ward evil and encourage the flow of
good fortune.
- Three anthropomorphic figures representing Fu Lu Shou stars are
prominently displayed, sometimes with the proclamation " The 3 stars are
present.
- Animals and fruits that symbolizes good fortune and prosperity, such as
bats and pomegranates, respectively.
V. MYTHI CAL CO NCEPTS
Orienting the structure with its back to elevated landscape and ensuirnf that
there is water in the front. Considerations are also made such that the
generally windowless back of the structure faces the north, where the wind
is coldest in the winter
ponds, pools, wells and other water sources are usually built into the
structure.
PLANS
BU DDHI ST TEMPL ES
Resembles those of India

Consist of successive open courts
and porticoes with kitchens,
refectories and sleeping cell for
priests.
The normal type consists of 3 lofty
pavillions of one storey, with
parallel open timber roofs,
approached by broad flights of
steps, gateways and bridges.
Faces South direction.
PLANS
PAGODA ( TA'I )
A Buddhist temple
Square or polygonal in plan
3-15 storey
The most important structure
in temple enclosure
Source:
Source: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/daminggong/images/attachement/j
h t t p s : / / w w w . c h i n a d a i l y . c o m . c n / m / d a m i n g g o n g / i m a g e s / a t t a c h e m e n t / j p ge/ 1s/i2t0 1 0 0 6 0 8 / 0 0 2 3 a e 9 e 1 5 6 7 0 d 7 7 f c 3 d 0 4 . j p g
e1/20100608/0023ae9e15670d77fc3d04.jpg
Iron Pagoda, Kaifeng, AD 1049
Li Hue Pagoda, Hangzhou, AD 1165
Gian Wild Goose

Pagoda, XIAN, 652
Source:https://img.static-kl.com/images/media/C7946C19-51FA-4F4D-B7C7E8AB60DBF010?
aspect_ratio=1:1&min_width=912

PLANS
HOU SES
Faces South
Front door opens into a
courtyard with rooms on either
side or a hall at the end,
followed by another and often
by a third or women's court
with garden beyond.
https://i.pinimg.com/564x/3f/f8/83/3ff883c2d1b28750828461c5f7
7e9caa--china-art-beijing-china.jpg

WALLS
Stone: employed in important edifices.

Bricks and timber: ordinary building materials
- Bricks sometimes have a glazed colored surface and walls are
also faced with glazed tiles or majolica.
Most wooden buildings are raised on a stone or brick platform as a
protection against damp.
Walls are often constructed hollow.
- Saves materials
- More equable temperature inside the house.

OPENINGS
Doorways: s quare- headed
Varied in outline by fretted pendants

from the horizontal timbers.
Win dow : sq uare-headed
Suiting the rectangular framing of

timber posts or lashing together of
bamboos.
Frequently filled in with the lining of
the oyster shell.
Rice papers were also used.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/04/17/26/04172663ffecc1f1c
079e6f555b.jpg
ROOFS
Principal feature of Chinese buildings
Laden with elaborate ornamental cresting and the up-tilted angles
are finished off with fantastic dragons and grotesque ornaments.
- A sign of dignity to place roofs one over the other.
- Protect the interior from extreme weather.
https://as2.ftcdn.net/v2/jpg/00/31/39/65/1000_F_31396574_zOotT
pHO1zjz8r9d3elbHyP2SMrw67ww.jpg
ROOFS
DOU GONG (TOU- KONG )
A bracket system used i traditional
Chinese construction.
- Supports the roof beams
- Projects eaves outward
- Support the interior ceiling
The absence of a triangular tied
frame in Chinses architecture made
it necessary to multiply the number
of supports under the rafter.
in order to reduce the number of
pillars this would normally require
the area of support afforded by
each pillar increased by the
Dougoung https://as2.ftcdn.net/v2/jpg/00/31/39/65/1000_F_31396574_zOotT
pHO1zjz8r9d3elbHyP2SMrw67ww.jpg
ROOFS
DOU GONG (TOU- KONG )
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chenwei-Wu-
8/publication/339945931/figure/fig1/AS:869533204103168@1584324279137/Elevation-of-traditional-
Chinese-timber-frame-structure.png

COLUMNS
Before the raising of the columns and framing the superstructure

upon them, the framework of the roof and that determined the
positions of the columns.
No capitals, bound direct to the roof-beams of the rectangular-
framed roof which preass vertically down on them.
Col umns and r oofs ar e t he chie f fe ature d o f t he T' in g t ype of

buildi ngs, in which th e w alls ar e o f no co n st r uct ive va lue.

MOLDINGS
Played a small part in decoration
Appeared in bronze of timber
pillars, in compound brackets
supporting roof timbers.
ORNAMENTS
Expresses national
characteristics.
Rich colors applied symbolically
in almost all building elements.
https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/medi
umlarge/1/forbidden-city-roof-vm-vassolo.jpg
Highest possible status imperial roof decoration -

man riding bird, nine beasts, immortal figure, and
dragon at the Forbidden City.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
1. PAGODA
2. PALACES and VILLAS
3. TEMPLES AND SHRINES
4. GATEWAYS
5. BRIDGES
6. GARDENS

BUILDING EXAMPLES
6 TYPES OF CHINES PAGODAS:
PAGODA (TA'I)
1.PAGODAS WITH CLOSELY LAYERED
A Buddhist temple in EAVES.
form of tower, usually
polygonal with
elaborately ornamented
roofs projecting from
each of its many storeys.
Evolved from the stupa
form Indian
subcontinent.
Pagoda of Tianning 9Haven of Peace, Beijing,

Henan, 520
https://www.chinabeijingprivatetour.com/upload/ueditor/image
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 /20171206/6364815718911376574549491.jpg
BUILDING EXAMPLES 3.VASE-SHAPED PAGODAS
Evolved directly from Stupas.
First built in the late Tang
2. THE STOREYED PAGODA - dynasty but became popular
combination of Chinese only after the Yuan dynasty.
and indian stupa
Liaodi Pagoda, Kaiyuan

Monastery Dingzhou
The White Pahoda,

Temple of Miaoying,
Beijing 1271
https://l450v.alamy.com/450v/jy5dh9/dingzh-dingzh-china-18th-
aug-2017-dingzhou-china-editorial-use-only-jy5dh9.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8
/Beijing_Baitasi_%282017%29_C.jpg/360px-
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Beijing_Baitasi_%282017%29_C.jpg
BUILDING EXAMPLES 5. SINGLE-STOREY PAGODAS
Built s tombs for monks and
nuns.
4. GROUPS OF PAGODAS HONORING
BUDDHA'S WARRIORS ATTENDANTS
Zin Gang Bao Zou Pagoda,
Zhneg-jue Temple, Beijing
Four Gates Pagoda built in 611

https://learnodo-newtonic.com/wp-
https://dynamic-media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo- content/uploads/2016/12/Four-Gates-Pagoda-in-Shandong-
o/10/06/56/fa/caption.jpg?w=1200&h=-1&s=1 which-was-built-during-the-Sui-dynasty.jpg

BUILDING EXAMPLES
6. WOODEN TOWER PAGODAS
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/c0/3d/42/c03d426a4bd063c1d4d2
ab285cbcf114.jpg
Pagoda of Fogong Temple , 1056

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
CHINES IMPERIAL BUILDINGS
The emperors of China controlled a vast workforce and were able to
build on large scale. One grand imperial project was the GREAT
WALL OF CHINA , by first emperor in about 214 BC. Later emperors
built fine capital cities. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
chonse Peking now Beijing as their capital. It was the last and most
important of the imperial cities.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
THE FORBIDDEN CITY, BEIJING
Construction begun 1406.
As a capital, Peking was
design in zones. The inner
area, the imperial court was
called off from the rest of
city. The imperial court
contained the emperor's
quarters and building such
as temples workshops and
stables.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
Only the imperial households and those on imperial business were

allowed into the court. As the result, it was known as the
"Forbidden City".
Built by Ming and Qing dynasties.
The world largest temple complex with an area of 74ha (180 acres).
Battlemented perimeter wall: 760m from east to west and 960M
from north to south.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
BUILD ING S
- Ar ra nge d i n 2 row s o n either side of a
north-so uth ax is w hich stretches for
8k m an d divides Beijin g into its
eastern and w est er ns halves in lo ng.
- The ax is: The M er idian Li ne , passes
throug h 1 3 bui ld ing s symmetr ically
arranged on eit her si de of the complex.
- Bu ildin gs are in lon g , low facade.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
M AIN HALLS
Taihedian ( Ha ll o f Su pr eme H ar mo ny)
-The l argest of all i nt er io r halls; 27m
high, 64m wi de 3 7m deep.
- The locatio n wher e Min g Dynasty an d
Qing Dynasty Em pero rs hosted their
enthronem ent an d we dding
ceremoni es.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
M AIN HALLS
Zh ongedian ( Hall of Middle /Ce ntral H ar mo ny)
-Use by the Em peror t o pr epare and
rest be fore and dur ing cer emon ies.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
M AIN HALLS
Baohedi an (Hall of P rotective /Pr es er ved Har mon y)
-U se for r ehearsi ng c e remonies and

was al so the si te of th e final stage o f
the I mper ial Examination.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
M AIN HALLS
Wenhuad ian (Ha ll of Lite rary Glo ry)
-Serv ed a s a study for t he crow n prince.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
M AIN HALLS
Wuyingdi an (Hall o f M art ial V al or )
-Place for t he Em peror to r eceive his

minister s.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
O th er Struct ure s
Q inagg ing gong ( P alace of Ce le stial Purit y
Kunni nggong (P al ace o f Te rr es rial Unio n)
Dongl iugong (Si x East er n Cour tyar ds ) & Xillugo ng (Six Western
Courtya rd s
- Inhabite d by the concubine s and maids .

TI ANANMEN
- The mai n ga te t o the Imperial City

BUILDING EXAMPLES
PALACES AND VILLAS
O th er Struct ure s
Wume n (M er idi an Ga te)
- The mai n entrance o f the Fo rbidden City itself.

- The center arc h was formerly r eserved for the Emper o r alo ne;th e
exceptions were t he Empress, wjo co uld enter i t o nce on th e day o f her
wedd ing and the topr t hree scholars of the tr i enni al ci vi l servi ce
examinati ons who left t he exmas thro ugh the cen tr al arch .
- A ll other offici als and servan ts had to use the fo u r si de arch es.
ASSIGNMENT
Continuation of the discussion for Chinese

Architecture Building Examples.
Expect the group discussion via MS Teams Break
out Rooms after all the discussion.
See you next meeting!

LPU PRAYER AFTER THE CLASS
Lord, thank you for giving us the opportunity to

learn and capacity to understand. Let our
knowledge be of service not only for the attainment
of our goals but also for the benefit of others.
Amen
LPU PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS
Lord of light and wisdom, Grant us bright intellect, a

sound judgment and retentive memory. Help us to
study patiently, orderly and diligently. To develop
our gifts and make good use of them accordingly to
your will, as we commit ourselves to Veritas et
Foritudo, Pro Deo et Patria.
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Amen

BUILDING EXAMPLES
1. PAGODA
2. PALACES and VILLAS
3. TEMPLES AND SHRINES
4. GATEWAYS
5. BRIDGES
6. GARDENS

BUILDING EXAMPLES
TEMPLES AND SHRINES
TIANTIAN SHRINE, BEIJING
The most sacred shrine in China where the Emperor made

sacrifices to ancestors and famous personages, as well as
to the gods.
Area: 280ha (690 acres) and was built for the emperors of
Ming and Qing dynasties.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
TEMPLES AND SHRINES
THE TEMPLE OF HEAVEN (QINIANDIAN),
INSIDE TIANTIAN SHRINE,(1420, REBUILT 18C)
A circular triple marble
platform temple with triple
roof of blue tiles in south of
the Forbidden City.
For prayers of good harvest.
The Temple of Heaven, inside the Tiantian Shrine

https://res.cloudinary.com/dk-find-
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 out/image/upload/q_80,w_1920,f_auto/A-
dreamstime_25249319_ss2m3i.jpg
BUILDING EXAMPLES
TEMPLES AND SHRINES
The Grand and Mystical Architecture of
the Temple of Heaven
The design of the Temple of Heaven
complex, true to its sacred purpose,
reflects the mystical cosmological laws
believed to be central to the workings of
the universe.
Both the overall arrangement and the

buildings themselves reflect the
perceived relationship between Heaven
and Earth, the core of Chinese cosmology
at that time. Much numerology,
https://images.chinahighlights.com/allpicture/2021/08/a62b5ba
symbolizing Chinese beliefs and religion,
c6c8947569fd420ae.webp operates within the Temple of Heaven’s
design.
BUILDING EXAMPLES
TEMPLES AND SHRINES
THE ALTAR OF HEAVEN (HUANGUITAN),
NEAR THE TEMPLE OF HEAVEN
The most sacred of all Chinese
religious structures for the
worship of heaven.
A mound of 3 concentric
marble terraces in white
marble.
The Emperor gave offerings to
nature deities revered by
Confucian state.
The Altar of Heaven, near the Temple of Heaven
https://images.chinahighlights.com/allpicture/2021/08/2b703bc9b52
4428d9ca4df51.webp
BUILDING EXAMPLES
TEMPLES AND SHRINES
THE IMPERIAL VAULT OF HEAVEN
The Imperial Vault of Heaven (‘Imperial
Dome-Room’) was dedicated to housing
‘God’s Tablets’ — stone tablets used in the
harvest prayer ceremony. It is located
between the Hall of Prayer for Good
Harvests and the Circular Mound Altar.
Thanks to its excellent design, the Imperial
Vault of Heaven is a wooden structure that
https://images.chinahighlights.com/allpicture/2014/08/33428027
didn’t need any nails. There are no beams 3_cut_750x400_238.webp
inside the hall. The vast dome is supported

by 16 wooden pillars and numerous
brackets.
https://www.chinahighlights.com/beijing/attraction/temple-of-heaven.htm

BUILDING EXAMPLES
TEMPLES AND SHRINES

THE PALACE OF PURIFICATION, EAST OF THE TEMPLE OF HEAVEN
An exquisite blue-roofed moated retreat where the Emperor

fasted in preparation for the ritual.
The Altar of Heaven, near the Temple of Heaven

https://www.chine-culture.com/images/voyage/beijing/tiantan-
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 yuanqiu.jpg
BUILDING EXAMPLES
GATEWAYS
PAILOU
Ceremonial entrances of
temples or tombs, or
occasionally spanning a street
with 1-5 arched openings
derived from Indian Torana.
https://floridagators80.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/dsc_0131.jp
g

BUILDING EXAMPLES
BRIDGES
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA (CHANG CHENG; BUILT BETWEEN 7TH-
5TH C BCE)
6000km (3726 miles).
Wall: 7-8m hihg but strategic points it was 14m high; Thickness:
base 6-7m thick and at the top 5m.
A forified wall commenced under the Zhou dynasty.
Protected China against nomads from the north.
Served as a means of communications.
Various sections were built and completed until, during the Ming
Dynasty (1368-1644)

BUILDING EXAMPLES
https://images.chinahighlights.com/allpicture/2014/08/c1ce232a28f84fdab9caa999 https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/photos/3
_cut_800x500_349.jpg 10/436/e98bf54c-f84b-4a8c-81a6-ae66279cd62d.jpg

BUILDING EXAMPLES
GARDENS
CHINESE CLASSICAL GARDENS
A place for solitary or social contemplation of nature.
Created in the same way as combination of landscape and
paintings together with poems - this is was the so called "poetic
garden".
The design was to provide a spiritual utopia for one to connect
with nature, to come back to one's inner heart, to come back to
ancient idealism.
- Chinese gardens are a spiritual shelter for people, a place they
could be far away from their real social lives and close to ancient
way of life, their true selves and nature.

BUILDING EXAMPLES
They used plants as symbols.
- Bamboo was used in every traditional Chinese garden. This is because
bamboo represents a strong but resilient character.
- Often pine is used to represent longevity, persistence, tenacity and
dignity.
- The lotus is used to symbolized purity.
The flowering plum is one of the most important aspects of a Chinese
garden, it represents renewal and strenght of will.
- Flowering peaches are grown for spring color, and sweet olive as well.
- The chrysanthemum is use to symbolize splendor, luster and "the
courage to make sacrifices for a natural life".
Peonies symbolize wealth and banana trees are used simple for the
sound they make in the breeze.
BUILDING EXAMPLES
To beconsidered authentic, a garden must be built and planned
around seventeen essential elements:
Small Individual
Proximity to the home Small Walled
sections
Various types of
Asymmetrical Architecture Rocks
spatial connections
Water Trees Plants Sculpture
Jie jing (borrowed

Chimes Incense Burners Inscriptions
scenery)
Use of feng shui for

choosing site

BUILDING EXAMPLES
https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/architecture/features-
garden.htm

Group Discussion
Chinese Architecture
Group discussion via ms teams break out rooms.
Presentation to follow.
ASSIGNMENT
Prepare for a quiz:

Topic: Chinese Architecture
Advance reading/research on Korean

Architecture
See you next meeting!

LPU PRAYER AFTER THE CLASS
Lord, thank you for giving us the opportunity to

learn and capacity to understand. Let our
knowledge be of service not only for the attainment
of our goals but also for the benefit of others.
Amen

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LPU PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS

Lord of light and wisdom, Grant us bright intellect, a

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Amen

The indigenous architecture of vast country in eastern Asia whose

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Confucianis m i s an anc ient C hin ese belief system,

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

One of the main ideas of Taoism is the belief in balancing forces, or

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Mount Laojun in Luoyan, Henan

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

The first truth is called “Suffering (dukkha),” which teaches that

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Em phasi s on art iculati on

famo us ly in Beij ing .

B uildi ngs or bui ldi ng complexes take up

Serve i n tem perature r egulatio n

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

- Nort he rn co ur t ya rd s a r e t ypi ca ll y ope n a nd f aci ng

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Buildings especially those of the wealthy are built with an emphasis on

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Resembles those of India

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Gian Wild Goose

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Stone: employed in important edifices.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Varied in outline by fretted pendants

Win dow : sq uare-headed

Suiting the rectangular framing of

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Before the raising of the columns and framing the superstructure

Col umns and r oofs ar e t he chie f fe ature d o f t he T' in g t ype of

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Highest possible status imperial roof decoration -

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Pagoda of Tianning 9Haven of Peace, Beijing,

Liaodi Pagoda, Kaiyuan

The White Pahoda,

Four Gates Pagoda built in 611

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Only the imperial households and those on imperial business were

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

Baohedi an (Hall of P rotective /Pr es er ved Har mon y)

-U se for r ehearsi ng c e remonies and

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3