‘ QUT Ya Grammar: Conditionals 138 = Type 0 Conditional If + present simple 1 metal gets hot, IF you stand in the rain, If + prosent tense lor should + bare infinitive: more doubtful or polite) Type 1 Conditional If it rains, If you should see him, Type 2 Conditional f+ past tense | were you, Ithe were here, Type 3 Conditional It + past perfect If he had worked harder, Notes present simple it expands ‘you get wet. future imperative (instruction, advice) ‘ought fo {advice} | had better (advice) | infinitive should, must may, con we'll stay of home. give him my message. would could + should | infinitive might | would tell her the truth. advice) he could help me. [imaginary sitvation) would ‘could (abiity/ permission _|+ have + p.p. should (odvice) might (possibilty) he would have been promoted. (unfulfilled plan) © Future tense (will/would) with a future meaning is never used in ifclauses. However, will/would con be used to express polite requests or insistence. {f you will wait for «| moment, Ill wrap it for you. {reques!) JF you will go on chatting, I'll send you out of the classroom. {insistence} ah ET TY scientific facts general truths laws of nature. real situation (likely to hoppen inthe present or fuure} odvice or imaginary situation in the present or future (unreal or unlikely to happen} imoginary situation in the past (regrets, unfuliled plans, wishes impossible to fulfil, criticism) ‘© The ifclause con either precede or follow the main clause. When the ifclause precedes the main clause, we puta ‘comma after it. When the main clause comes first, no comma is used to separate the two clauses. It he is sill in Paris, he may visit us. (He may visit us ithe is still in Paris.) + unless {=if not) is used in first conditional sentences. Unless he gets a promotion, he'll resign * When referring to imaginary of unreal sitvations, suppose can be followed either by Simple Past or Post Perec for present or past situations respectively. Suppose, however, can be followed by Simple Present to express 0 situation which may happen in the future, or fo introduce suggestions. Suppose she had married the film star, do you think she'd be hoppy? Suppose she is on holiday, how shall we contact her?7a Grammar: Conditidhals, * In teported speech, the verb tenses of first conditional sentences change in the usual way, whereas those of second and third conditional do not follow the usual changes with the verb tenses remaining unchanged. “IF am back early, we'll go out for dinner,” he said. He said that if he were/was back early, we would go out for dinner “tf were you, | wouldn't say that,” he said. He said that if he were me, he wouldn't say that. “if he had been il, he wouldn't have come to work, "she said. ‘She said tha if he had been ill, he wouldn't have come/gone to work * Other expressions used in place of if ore the following: on condition that, even if, even though, when, provided (hat, providing (that, as long as, suppose, supposing, since, as, unless (if not), but for + gerund/noun, in case + Present (for the present} or Past (for the pas). the Mayor comes, we'll hold a meeting. (He may come or he may not.) When the Mayor comes, we'll hold a meeting. (He will definitely come.) Even if the Mayor doesn’t come, we'll hold a meeting. [Whether he comes or not doesn't affect the resul) Provided (hat) Providing (that) | the Mayor comes, we'll hold « meeting; (We'll only hold a meeting if he comes.) As long as Unless the Mayor comes, we won't hold a meeting. (We'll only hold a meeting if he comes.) Suppose the Mayor comes, we'll hold a meeting (itis unlikely that he will come, but if he does, we'll Supposing hold a meeting.) Since the Mayor can’t come, we won't hold a meeting. (the fact that he can’t come means that we As can't hold a meeting.) thease the Mayor comes, we'll prepare for a meeting. (tis unlikely that he will come, but we'd better be ready for the event as it’s not impossible that he will) INVERSION IN IF-CLAUSES ‘When there is should, were or had in the ifclause, the subject and the auxiliary verb can be inverted and if is omitted. Fhe should ring, tell him to come at 7.00. Should he ring, tell him to come at 7.00. Hl were you, | wouldn't say that Were I you, | wouldn't say that FF had known earlier, | wouldn't have done such a thing. Had | known earlier, ! wouldn’t have done such a thing. : MIXED CONDITIONALS nixed conditional sentence makes use of one type of f-clause and a different type of main clause. Keclause ‘Main Clause Type 1 If she is honest, she would have fold the truth Type 3 Type 2 If she knew the truth, she would have fold me. Type 3 Type 3 If she had accepted his proposal, she would be married now. Type 2 Type 2 If he missed the train, he will be late. Type 139\ 140 7a Grammar: Conditionals ~ 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. lit {be} you, | {not/listen) to his lies 2 ithe ... not/eai} that sandwich, he would not have suffered from food poisoning 3 Father Christmas won't bring you ony presents unless you (be) « good git! 4 As long os you (do) your best, no one will criticise you 5. He put the answerphone on in case anyone .. (want) fo leave him & message. & Supposing we (be/stop) by the police, what (we/say)? 7 ityou (toll me you were cold, Vs. (put) the fire on 8 What ... we do) if John hadn't helped us? 9 If she were rich, she {not/have) to work Go and see a doctor in case you (have) a serious illness. 11. You won't understand this unless you ... 10 (poy) attention 12. What ---- (you/give) me if | : (keep) your secret? 13 Even if he {beg} me | would not help him. 14 I this case {go} t0 tril, it will cause a national outcry. 15. Supposing no one {invent} the silicon chip, {things/be) different now? 2 Write the correct conditional for the following sentences, 1 He hasn't got a free weekend. He would have visited us, then. 2. He has made o lot of friends. He isn’t lonely now. 10 u 12 You are soaked. Why didn't you bring an umbrela with you? He can't be in trouble. He would have called by now. He has lost his security pass. He won't be ollowed to enter the building, eee They can't have caught the ferry. Otherwise hey would be here by now. He must eat meat. He asked for a steck. She isn't reliable. She would never have let you down, They didn’t ban hunting, The figer is endangered. Aren't you sure? Why did you agree to it then? My father loves Shirley Bassey. He bought all her records. He is a pessimist. He always looks on the black side3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do fof change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. STRUCTURAL CONVERSION ~<. Ifyou don't drive carefully, you'll have an accident. Unless you drive carefully, you'll have an accident You won't have an accident provided that you drive carefully. As long as you drive carefully, you won't have an accident. Drive carefully or else you'll have an accident. You had better take his advice. Fl were you, I'd take his advice. Were | you, I'd take his advice. You should take his advice. Should she come, tell her to wait for me. If she should come, tell her to wait for me. AAs he couldn't afford a holiday, he stayed at home. He couldn't afford a holiday, so he stayed at home. lf he had been able to afford a holiday, he wouldn’t have stayed at home. He stayed at home because he couldn't afford a holiday. Since he doesn’t have any qualifications, he can’t find 2 jb. Fhe had qualifications, he could find a job. As he doesn’t have any qualifications, he can’t find a job. 6 Hithadn’t been for my mother’s generosity, | wouldn't have my car now. But for my mother’s generosity | wouldn’t have my car row. 7 Suppose he phoned you, what would you tell him? {the phoned you, what would you tell him? What would you tell him if he phoned you? 1 If were him, | would not be late for the interview. better He the interview. 2. You won't be punished provided you admit it was your mistake. long You won't be Z to your mistake 3 Since he is an only child, his parents have spoiled him. not i his parents wouldn't have spoiled him 10 nN 12 13 15 16 7 18 4 5 6 7a Grammar: Conditiohals, IFyou help me, Ill help you. i {help you provided (that) you help me. i Suppose he marries her? : What if he marries her? : ‘Suppose the teacher cought you cheating in the test?! What would you do if the teacher caught you cheating | inthe test? ; {the had been on fime, we wouldn't have missed the bus Had he been on time, we wouldn't have missed the } bus Ifyou won the lottery, what would you do? ‘Should you win the lottery, what would you do? IF you were fo win the lotery, what would you do? IF she were rich, she would buy a villa, Were she rich, she would buy a vill If had been you, | wouldn't have accepted his offer. | had been in your shoes, | wouldn't have accepted his offer. {F1 had been in your position, | wouldn't have accepted his offer. I'm not rich, so can’t afford a long holiday abroad. IF 1 were rich, | could afford a long holiday abroad. I didn’t go out because | had a lot of work to do. JF hadn't had @ lot of work to do, | would have gone out ‘She must be out since she didn’t answer the phone IF she were in, she would have answered the phone. She must have lived in France because she has © perfect French accent. IF she hadn't lived in France, she wouldn't have a perfect French accent. IFT had been you, | would have punished him shoes if have punished him, IF you revise all your notes, you'll pass the exam, provided You'll pass all your notes. IF it wasn’ for the good pay, | wouldn't stay in this job. but | wouldn't Pay. 141\ 142 7a ,Grammar: Conditionals 7. IFyou don't get to work on time, you'll be given the sock punctual Unless. astth s the sack 8 As you've got a high temperature, you'd beter go to the doctor's were fl . esses seseeeee .. about your high temperature. 9 As couldn't answer any of the questions, | walked out of the Maths exam © I couldn't out of the Maths exam. But for his help, | wouldn't be in my current job. got IFithadn'.... 10 my current job, 11 If Mary were feeling well, she would have come to Tom's party. since a ce "10 Tom's party IF someone gave you a free airline ticket, where would you travel to? 12 , where would you travel to? CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR A. Choose the correct item. 1. "Should | eat that?” “fl you, | wouldn't.” A would have been C were B would be D had been 2 "Thank God we came across that policeman!" “Oh, yes! What ....... done if you hadn't?” ‘A would you have Chad you B were you to have will you have 3. "So, are you going to buy it or not?” “nit 0 expensive, | would.” A were hadn't been B weren't D isn’t 10 u 12 13 4 15 “Why do you have to get « toxi to work?” “Well, if | didn’t live so for away, | to" A. wouldn't have C wouldn't have had B hadn't had D didn’t have .-- Poy attention in class, you won't pass the te A Ifyou didn’t Ifyou don’t B Unless you don't Unless you wouldn't “Why don’t we ask Martin to chair the meeting?” “Well, suppose 0 ask him, do you think he would accept?” A were we C we had been B we were D had we been Ithe 1s honest as you believe, he wouldnt have done that A were would have been B would be D have been “What would you do in my place?” “Were treated like that, I'd complain to the monoger.” A Ito be C | hove been B to hod been D tolbe What would you do i you rich? A hove been C would be B were D would have been What would you buy, provided ........ the money? A had you C have you B you had D you would have you go on talking, he'll ask you to leave. A Unless ‘ When B if D_ Suppose “Why are you screaming?” “if you burn yoursel, it you know!” ‘A would have hurt have hurt B hurts D hurt | been informed, I'd have attended the meeting. A Should © Hod B Were D Would you were ill, we wouldn't have come.” “Don't be silly! | always enjoy your company.” ‘A Were we lo know Should we have known B Had we known Had we to know cat home, what shall we do? C hadn't been D won't be Suppose they A aren't B weren't