Themes: P.I.E.C.E.S. Culture(s)/Civilization(s): European second wave civilizations. Time Period: 600. B.C.

E
OBJECTIVE: Learn how European second wave civilizations thrived ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did the technological advancements made
during the time they were alive. by early European civilizations help them?

POLITICAL (GOV) ● The first leader of Persia was Cyrus the Great (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
• Political Structures & Forms ○ Persia had a strong centralized government. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
of Governance ■ This allowed Persia to become very successful when it came to trading, and they were very
• Empires politically stable
• Nations & Nationalism ○ To Expand Persia’s government Cyrus had conquered Mesopotamia. (CCWH#5 1:22)
• War, revolts and ○ Cyrus’ son had later expanded the Persian Empire across the Indus valley and North Egypt.
revolutions • Courts, Laws, ● There was no slavery in the Persian empire due to their religion. (CCWH#5 2:37)
Treaties ● The Greeks had introduced the first modern policy of democracy. ((CCWH#5 3:09)
• Regional, Transregional, ○ Democracy was the government that was used in Athens. (CCWH#5 3:16)
Global Structures & ● Greek city-states had forms of slavery within them
Organizations ● In 490 - 480 B.C.E, Persia had gone to war with Greece. (CCWH#5 5:46)
○ The War had started because Greeks who had lived in Persia, decided to rebel against the Persian
government.
■ The Atheniens alone could not win the war, so they asked for the help of all the residents of
Greece and eventually they became unified. (CCWH#5 6,14)
● The Spartans had created a well developed military system in Greece. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
● The Romans had a court and they created some of the first modern laws. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
○ Innocent until proven guilty.
● The Romans, much like the Greeks, had relied on slavery (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
● The Romans publicly displayed their laws called “The Twelve Tables”, across the city
○ This meant that it could be noted if the government was making an effort to abuse its power. (Prologue:
History before 1200 p.7)
● The Romans also had a very male dominant society, however, women had much more rights than what they
were given in Greece. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.8).
○ They gave the citizens the right to divorce.
■ Rome had a strong central government that was very wealthy and powerful. (Prologue: History
before 1200 p.8)
● Roman leaders had pushed the military too far, and as a result the Roman empire suffered.
● Rome had been invaded by the Huns and for the first time in history, the Romans had elected a non-roman
emperor.
○ Eventually the Roman empire became too weak to stand. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.8)
● The Athenienss had avoided the peloponnesian war, which in turn, greatly weakened the Greek city states.
● All three forms of government were found to be United in Rome.
○ They had developed their own senate who would choose the new Chief executives of rome. (CCWH#10

INNOVATION/
TECHNOLOGY (TEC)
• Record keeping/
Communication
• Math/Science/Medicine
• Transportation/Agriculture
• Weaponry
• Comfort/Convenience
HUMANS & ENVIRONMENT
& HUMANS (ENV)
• Physical (location, region,
climate, natural barriers)
• Demography and Disease
• Movement/Migration
• Patterns of Settlement
• Technology impact
1:31)
■ One of the Roman Chief executives would fight the wars and the other would go and conquer
land
● A strong military leader, Cinncinatus had led Rome to Victory and then retired and returned back to his farm.
(CCWH#10 2:46)
● Julius Caesar sought to dominate the Roman political system. (CCWH#10 3:37)
● The Romans had captured Spain in the Punic Wars. (CCWH#10 10:19)
● Greece had introduced many technological advancements that have helped us flourish in society today
○ They created literature, music , architecture, and many of the modern philosophical professions.
(CCWH#5 2:50)
■ Greece had some of the first poets, architects, mathematicians, etc. (CCWH#5 2:58)
○ The Greeks had given human’s much of their vocabulary and they wrote detailed stories on history.
● Greece made many innovations during their Golden age. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
● The Romans had created many laws and policies that have shaped future constitutions
● The Romans had built large cities, but they also had a good transportation system. (Prologue: History before 1200
p.8)
● The Greeks had built many pillar-like temples in Athens; the Romans had built a stadium. (Prologue: History before
1200 p.7,8)
● Ancient Greece was the first to use the horse as transportation and Rome followed along with them,
● The Persians improved roads and traveling.
● The First king, Cyrus, and his son, had expanded Persia into the Indus Valley and parts of Egypt.
● The Greeks had lived in city-states; these city-states were limited to males only. (CCWH#5 5:23)
○ Some cities were very democratic, while other cities were the complete opposite; this meant that there
was conflict across cities and people would only consider themselves of one city. (CCWH#5 5:32)
○ Greece had been divided up into over 1000 city states. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
● The main 2 cities in Greece were Athens and Sparta.
● Unlike Greece, Rome had expanded outwards a lot in order to expand their empire
○ The Roman empire at one point, had stretched all the way from Scotland to Northern Africa. (Prologue:
History before 1200 p.8)
● Both Persia and Rome had a well functioning trade system that stretched vastly across roads. (Prologue: History
before 1200 p.8)
● Julius Caesar had vastly expanded Rome throughout Europe, and he had conquered many nations and empires.
(CCWH#10 3:52)
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS
& INTERACTIONS (CDI)
• Religions
• Belief Systems, Philosophies,
and Ideologies
• Education
• Art, Music, Writing,
Literature, Architecture
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (ECN)
• Agricultural/Pastoral
Production • Labor Systems
• Industrialization
• Trade, Commerce
• Capital/Money
• Capitalism, Socialism,
Communism
SOCIAL INTERACTION
& ORGANIZATION
(SIO)
• Family & kinship
• Gender Roles and
Relations • Hierarchies
• Social and Economic
Classes
• Racial & Ethnic
Constructions
• Life Styles
● The Persians had embraced freedom of religion
○ They believed in Zoroastrianism which was claimed to be the first monostheistic religion. (CCWH#5 2:22)
■ The Persians way of religion helped introduce us to the good / evil type of religion.
● Despite there being hundreds of different city states in Ancient Greece, one thing they did share in common was
religion. Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
○ Settlers of Greece were polytheistic, and believed that each god had different human qualities. Prologue:
History before 1200 p.7)
● In around 300 B.C.E, Alexander the Great would spread his Greek culture into Egypt, Persia and India. (Prologue:
History before 1200 p.7)
● Rome culture had borrowed heavily from Greek culture
○ The Romans had believed in Greek Gods. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.7)
● Christianty was born in Israel. (CCWH#11)
○ Paul had declared that followers of Jesus did not have to be jews. (CCWH#11 8:54)
● In Persia, the king was known as the King of Kings because he had allowed for conquered kingdoms to keep their
kings as long as they paid taxes to the Persian king. (CCWH#5 1:53)
○ Taxes in Persia were not too high
○ The Persians used the tax to fund for better roads and infrastructure
● Both Rome and Persia fostered trade and valued their economic systems. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.8)
● Rome took part in many publicly funded projects; they built large stadiums, and were able to to transport
resources from city to city. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.8)
● Many Roman leaders had over extended the Roman military.
○ The result of this caused Rome to suffer economically. (Prologue: History before 1200 p.8)
■ This caused both trade, and the population to decline.
● The Government that Athens had put forth was very corrupt. (CCWH#5 9:47)
● Julius Caesar had received financial help in order to win the Roman election. (CCWH#10 3:14)
● Under a democratic rule by the Greeks, women were given almost no opportunity in society. (Prologue: History
before 1200 p.8)
● Greece and Rome both had many slaves.
● The Government of Greece had become very corrupt. (CCWH#5 9:47)
● Roman was divided into 2 broad social classes (CCWH#10 1:20)
○ The Higher class was the patricians - who were the wealthier and more politically dominant
○ The lower class was the plebeians.
● Julius Caesar was born as an upper class citizen in rome.
○ This allowed him to rise through the ranks and become the conqueror he was. (CCWH#10 3:09)