THERMODYNAMICS

ASSIGNMENT

1. What is the dryness fraction (x) for saturated water, when water just starts boiling?
a. x = 0
b. x =1
c. x = 0.9
d. x = 0.5
2. The internal energy of an ideal gas is function of
a. Temperature alone
b. Temperature and volume
c. Pressure and volume
d. Pressure and temperature
3. According to the first law of thermodynamics?
a. Total internal energy of energy of a system during a process remains constant
b. Total energy remains constant
c. Work done by a system is equal to eat transferred by the system
d. Internal energy, enthalpy and entropy during a process remains constant
4. Why is the negative sign introduced in the equation of Fourier's law of heat conduction q = – kA (dT /
dx)
a. Because heat transfer rate is inversely proportional to temperature gradient
b. Because value of thermal conductivity k is negative
c. Because heat is transferred from higher temperature to lower temperature
d. None of the above
5. The amount of radiation mainly depends upon
a. Nature of the body
b. Temperature of the body
c. Type of surface of the body
d. All of these

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6. The equation of state is a functional relationship between
a. Pressure
b. Molar or specific volume
c. Temperature
d. All of the mentioned
7. An isolated system is one in which?
a. Mass crosses the boundary but not energy
b. Both mass and energy crosses the boundary of the system
c. Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
d. Energy crosses the boundary but not mass
8. Characteristic gas constant of any perfect gas
a. Is a function of pressure and temperature
b. Is constant
c. Increases with increase temperature
d. Increases with increase pressure
9. Work done by a system is taken to be
a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Zero
d. Varies according to situation
10. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another is referred
from?
a. Second law of thermodynamics
b. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
c. Basic law of thermodynamics
d. First law of thermodynamics
11. First law of thermodynamics furnishes the relations between?
a. Heat and internal energy
b. Various properties of the system
c. Heat and work
d. Heat, work and properties of the system
12. The process or system that do not involve heat are called
a. Isothermal process
b. Rigid system
c. Isolated system
d. Adiabatic system
13. The amount of heat flow through a body by conduction is
a. Directly proportional to the surface area of the body
b. Directly proportional to the temperature difference on the two faces
c. Dependent upon the material of the body
d. All of the above

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 14. For the same T1 and T2, COP increases with ____ in temperature difference.
a. 1ncrease
b. Decrease
c. No change
d. None of the mentioned
15. An isothermal process is one during which
a. Volume remains constant
b. Temperature remains constant
c. Pressure remains constant
d. Volume remains constant
16. What is the state, at which saturated liquid line with respect to vaporisation and saturated vapour line on
p-v diagram of pure substance, meet called?
a. Saturation State
b. Critical State
c. Vaporisation State
d. Superheated Vapour State
17. Quality indicates the
a. Mass fraction of liquid in a liquid vapour mixture
b. Mass fraction of vapour in a liquid vapour mixture
c. Both of the mentioned
d. None of the mentioned
18. The amount of radiation mainly depends upon
a. Nature of the body
b. Temperature of the body
c. Type of surface of the body
d. All of these
19. Extensive property of a system is one whose value
a. Does not depend on the mass of the system
b. Is always constant
c. Depends on the mass of the system like volume
d. Depends on the mass of the system like Temperature
20. Which of the following is a property of a system?
a. Density and Pressure
b. Temperature and Volume
c. Pressure and Temperature
d. All of the above
21. How does the thermal conductivity of a material change with respect to change in temperature of the
same material?
a. Thermal conductivity of a material increases with increase in its temperature
b. Thermal conductivity of a material decreases with increase in its temperature
c. Thermal conductivity of a material remains same with change in its temperature
d. Unpredictable

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22. Heat transfer takes place as per
a. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
b. First law of thermodynamics
c. Second law of thermodynamics
d. Kirchoffs law
23. Which is a state of a substance from which a phase change occurs without a change of pressure or
temperature?
a. Pure state
b. Phase state
c. Saturation state
d. Critical state
24. A thermos flask is an example of_______
a. Isolated system
b. Closed system
c. Open system
d. Heterogeneous system
25. At critical point, value of Vg − Vf is
a. Two
b. Zero
c. One
d. Infinity
26. Which of the following is a path function
a. Temperature
b. Volume
c. Work
d. Enthalpy
27. Entropy is a
a. Path Function, Intensive Property
b. Path Function, Extensive Property
c. Point Function, Extensive Property
d. Point Function, Intensive Property
28. In a heat engine cycle, which of the following process occurs?
a. Heat is transferred from furnace to boiler
b. Work is produced in turbine rotor
c. Steam is condensed in condenser
d. All of the mentioned
29. The enthalpy of a substance(denoted by h), is defined as
a. h= u-pv
b. h= -u+pv
c. h= u+pv
d. h= -u-pv

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30. Which of the following represents the specific volume during phase transition
a. Vg − Vf
b. Vf − Vg
c. Vg + Vf
d. none of the mentioned
31. The universal gas constant (or molar constant) of a gas is the product of
a. Atomic mass of the gas and the gas constant
b. Molecular mass of the gas and the specific heat at constant pressure
c. Molecular mass of the gas and the gas constant
d. Molecular mass of the gas and the specific heat at constant volume
32. Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 80 MW. If the rate of waste heat rejection
to a nearby river is 50 MW, determine the thermal efficiency for this heat engine.
a. 47.5 %
b. 27.5 %
c. 39.5 %
d. None of the mentioned
33. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The value of x varies between 0 and 1
b. For saturated water, x=0
c. For saturated vapour, x=1
d. All of the mentioned
34. Intensive properties of a system is one whose value?
a. Does not depend on the mass of the system
b. Is always constant
c. Depends on the mass of the system like volume
d. Depends on the mass of the system like Temperature
35. Which of the following is not a property of a system?
a. Heat
b. Pressure
c. Temperature
d. None of the above
36. Superheated gas behaves
a. Exactly as gas
b. Approximately as gas
c. As steam
d. As ordinary vapour
37. When the expansion or compression takes place according to the law pvn = C, the process is known as
a. Isothermal process
b. Polytropic process
c. Adiabatic process
d. Hyperbolic process

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38. An open system is one in which
a. Mass crosses the boundary but not energy
b. Both energy and mass crosses the boundary of the system
c. Mass does not cross the boundaries of the system, though energy may do so
d. Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
39. The basis for measuring thermodynamic property of temperature is given by?
a. Avogadro’s hypothesis
b. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
c. First law of thermodynamics
d. Third law of thermodynamics
40. The condition for the reversibility of a cycle is
a. The pressure and temperature of the working substance must not differ, appreciably, from those
of the surroundings at any stage in the process.
b. All the processes, taking place in the cycle of operation must be extremely slow
c. The working part of the engine must be friction free
d. All of the above

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 SECTION B
ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
Determine the missing properties in the following table for water
T(℃) P(bar) u(kJ/kg) h(kJ/kg) Quality(x) v(𝑚3/𝑘𝑔)
a 52 0.9
b 349.8 0.00748
c 320 20
(a) (13 Marks)
(b) (7 Marks)
(c) (10 Marks)

QUESTION 2
A quantity of fluid occupies 0.85 m3 at 1bar. After compression which follows 𝐏𝐕 𝐧 = 𝐂, the pressure and
volume are 6 bar and 0.30 m3 respectively.

i. Calculate the value of the index ‘n’ and the work energy transfer. (10 Marks)
ii. If the internal energy of the fluid increases by 85 kJ during the process, calculate the heat energy
transfer. (5 Marks)

QUESTION 3
A mild steel tank of wall thickness 12 mm contains water at 110 ℃ when the atmospheric temperature is
30 ℃. The thermal conductivity of cast iron is 50 W/mK, and the heat transfer coefficient for the inside and
outside of the tank are 1800 and 200 W/𝑚2𝐾 respectively calculate;
a. The rate of heat loss per unit area of tank surface (10 Marks)
b. The temperature of the outside surface of the tank (5 Marks)

QUESTION 4
A cylinder contains 0.014 𝑚3 of a fluid at 7 bar having a specific enthalpy of 695 kJ/kg and a specific
volume of 0.00125 𝑚3/𝑘𝑔. Heat energy is supplied until the volume of the fluid becomes 0.28 𝑚3, with the
pressure remaining at 7 bar. If the final specific internal energy of the fluid is 885 kJ/kg, calculate;
a. The mass of fluid (3 Marks)
b. The final specific volume (3 Marks)
c. The heat energy supplied (5 Marks)
d. The work energy transferred (4 Marks)
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QUESTION 1
Determine the missing properties in the following table for water
T(℃) P(bar) u(kJ/kg) h(kJ/kg) Quality(x) v(𝑚3/𝑘𝑔)
a 37 0.76
b 220.5 0.00748
c 490 20
(a) (13 Marks)
(b) (7 Marks)
(c) (10 Marks)

QUESTION 2

A quantity of fluid occupies 0.85 m3 at 1bar. After compression which follows 𝐏𝐕𝐧 = 𝐂,
the pressure and volume are 6 bar and 0.30 m3 respectively.
a. Calculate the value of the index ‘n’ and the work energy transfer.
(10 Marks)
b. If the internal energy of the fluid increases by 85 kJ during the process, calculate
the heat energy transfer. (5 Marks)

QUESTION 3
A mild steel tank of wall thickness 12 mm contains water at 110 ℃ when the
atmospheric temperature is 30 ℃. The thermal conductivity of cast iron is 50 W/mK,
and the heat transfer coefficient for the inside and outside of the tank are 1800 and 200
W/𝑚2𝐾 respectively calculate;

a. The rate of heat loss per unit area of tank surface (10 Marks)
b. The temperature of the outside surface of the tank (5 Marks)

QUESTION 4
A cylinder contains 0.014 𝑚3 of a fluid at 7 bar having a specific enthalpy of 695 kJ/kg
and a specific volume of 0.00125 𝑚3/𝑘𝑔. Heat energy is supplied until the volume of the
fluid becomes 0.28 𝑚3, with the pressure remaining at 7 bar. If the final specific internal
energy of the fluid is 885 kJ/kg, calculate;
a. The mass of fluid (3 Marks)
b. The final specific volume (3 Marks)
c. The heat energy supplied (5 Marks)
d. The work energy transferred (4 Marks)