Código em MATLAB

function main

% Number of Monte Carlo simulations

num_simulations = 100000;

% Beam span (m)

L = 5;

% Partial safety factors for ULS

gamma_g = 1.4;

gamma_q = 1.4;

% Exposure times in minutes

exposure_times = [20, 30, 60, 90, 120];

% Cases and their corresponding parameters: [As (cm^2), rho (%), d' (cm), c1 (cm)]

cases = {

[32, 0.032, 45, 40];

[32, 0.032, 35, 30];

[50, 0.050, 45, 39];

[50, 0.050, 35, 29];

[80, 0.080, 45, 37];

[80, 0.080, 35, 27];

[94.5, 0.095, 45, 35];

[94.5, 0.095, 35, 25]

};

% Load ratios
load_ratios = [0.25, 0.5, 0.75];

% Thermal diffusivity ratio values for standard fire

alpha_r_standard = [

27, 241, 53, 45, 195, 212, 165, 845;

285, 225, 39, 29, 235, 217, 186, 56;

178, 12, 19, 125, 185, 121, 13, 185;

115, 0735, 1148, 075, 1215, 076, 09, 096;

081, 0515, 08, 0511, 0861, 0525, 0675, 062

];

% Thermal diffusivity ratio values for parametric fire

alpha_r_parametric = [

162, 115, 153, 112, 192, 21, 162, 8;

88, 58, 8, 54, 235, 215, 187, 58;

196, 201, 178, 178, 21, 25, 152, 208;

1067, 1096, 1052, 1085, 83, 104, 59, 1185;

717, 732, 709, 725, 65, 745, 515, 81

];

% Compartment characteristics for parametric fire

compartment = struct();

compartment.floor_width = 10; % m

compartment.floor_length = 15; % m

compartment.floor_area = 150; % m^2

compartment.ceiling_area = 150; % m^2

compartment.wall_area = [60, 60, 40, 40]; % m^2 for each wall

compartment.num_doors = 2;

compartment.door_width = 1; % m

compartment.num_windows = 12;

compartment.window_width = 15; % m
 compartment.thermal_inertia_floor_ceiling = 2034; % J/m^2Ks^0.5

compartment.thermal_inertia_walls = 1521; % J/m^2Ks^0.5

% Initialize arrays for results

reliability_indices = zeros(length(exposure_times), length(cases), length(load_ratios), 2); %

Last dimension for fire types (1: standard, 2: parametric)

probabilities_of_failure = zeros(length(exposure_times), length(cases), length(load_ratios),

2); % Last dimension for fire types

% Loop over exposure times, cases, and load ratios

for t = 1:length(exposure_times)

for c = 1:length(cases)

for r = 1:length(load_ratios)

% Perform Monte Carlo simulation for standard fire

[reliability_index_std, probability_of_failure_std] =
monte_carlo_simulation(num_simulations, exposure_times(t), cases{c}, load_ratios(r),
'standard', alpha_r_standard(t, c), compartment, L, gamma_g, gamma_q);

reliability_indices(t, c, r, 1) = reliability_index_std;

probabilities_of_failure(t, c, r, 1) = probability_of_failure_std;

% Perform Monte Carlo simulation for parametric fire

[reliability_index_param, probability_of_failure_param] =
monte_carlo_simulation(num_simulations, exposure_times(t), cases{c}, load_ratios(r),
'parametric', alpha_r_parametric(t, c), compartment, L, gamma_g, gamma_q);

reliability_indices(t, c, r, 2) = reliability_index_param;

probabilities_of_failure(t, c, r, 2) = probability_of_failure_param;

end

end

end

% Plot results

for c = 1:length(cases)

for r = 1:length(load_ratios)
 for f = 1:2 % Fire types

fire_type = 'Standard';

if f == 2

fire_type = 'Parametric';

end

figure;

subplot(2, 1, 1);

plot(exposure_times, squeeze(reliability_indices(:, c, r, f)));

title(['Reliability Index for Case ' num2str(c) ', Load Ratio ' num2str(load_ratios(r)) ', '
fire_type ' Fire']);

xlabel('Exposure Time (min)');

ylabel('Reliability Index');

subplot(2, 1, 2);

plot(exposure_times, squeeze(probabilities_of_failure(:, c, r, f)));

title(['Probability of Failure for Case ' num2str(c) ', Load Ratio ' num2str(load_ratios(r))
', ' fire_type ' Fire']);

xlabel('Exposure Time (min)');

ylabel('Probability of Failure');

end

end

end

end

function [reliability_index, probability_of_failure] = monte_carlo_simulation(num_simulations,

exposure_time, case_params, load_ratio, fire_type, alpha_r, compartment, L, gamma_g,
gamma_q)

% Initialize variables for Monte Carlo simulation

failure_count = 0;

% Design resistant moment (M_Rd) for each case (kNm)

M_Rd = [
 156.4;

152.4;

239.4;

233.2;

377.1;

367.4;

435.3;

424.2

];

% Loop over the number of simulations

for i = 1:num_simulations

% Generate random samples for the random variables

As = normrnd(case_params(1), case_params(1) * 0.02); % Reinforcement area

fy = lognrnd(log(1.16 * 500) - 0.5 * (0.07)^2, 0.07); % Steel yield stress

d = normrnd(50, 50 * 0.004); % Beam height

fc = lognrnd(log(1.23 * 25) - 0.5 * (0.15)^2, 0.15); % Concrete strength

alpha = normrnd(0.417e-6, 0.417e-6 * 0.06); % Thermal diffusivity

b = normrnd(20, 20 * 0.004); % Beam width

d_prime = lognrnd(log(case_params(3)) - 0.5 * (0.1)^2, 0.1); % Cover

theta_R = lognrnd(log(1.10) - 0.5 * (0.1)^2, 0.1); % Uncertainty in resistance model

% Calculate the temperature of the steel reinforcement (Tr) using Wickstrom's model

[Tr, Tc] = calculate_temperatures(exposure_time, alpha * alpha_r, fire_type, case_params,

compartment);

% Calculate the position of the 500 ºC isotherm (x500)

x500 = sqrt((alpha * alpha_r * exposure_time * 60) / exp(4.5 + 480 / (0.18 * (1 - 0.0616 *

(exposure_time * 60)^(-0.88)) * Tc)));

% Calculate the effective width of the compression block as a function of concrete

temperature (b(Tc))
 b_Tc = b - 2 * x500;

% Calculate the reduction factor for steel yield strength (r)

r = (720 - (Tr + 20)) / 470;

r = min(max(r, 0), 1);

% Calculate the reduced steel yield strength (fy(Tr))

fyTr = fy * r;

% Calculate the depth of the compressive stress block (a(Tc))

aTc = (As * fyTr) / (0.85 * fc * b_Tc);

% Calculate the resistance moment (Mn(T))

MnT = theta_R * As * fyTr * (d - d_prime) + (As * fyTr * (d - aTc / 2));

% Calculate the mean values of permanent and live loads

mu_LL = (8 / L^2) * M_Rd(i) / ((5 * (1 - load_ratio) / (load_ratio * gamma_g) + gamma_q /

0.2));

mu_PL = mu_LL * (5 * (1 - load_ratio) / (load_ratio));

% Calculate the solicitation moment (MS)

MPL = normrnd(mu_PL, mu_PL * 0.1); % Permanent load

MLL = gamrnd(2, 0.5 * mu_LL); % Live load

theta_S = lognrnd(0, 0.1); % Uncertainty in load model

MS = theta_S * (MPL + MLL);

% Evaluate the performance function

gX = MnT - MS;

% Check for failure

if gX <= 0
 failure_count = failure_count + 1;

end

end

% Calculate the probability of failure and reliability index

probability_of_failure = failure_count / num_simulations;

reliability_index = -norminv(probability_of_failure);

end

function [Tr, Tc] = calculate_temperatures(exposure_time, alpha, fire_type, case_params,

compartment)

% Convert exposure time to hours for the Wickstrom model

t = exposure_time / 60;

if strcmp(fire_type, 'standard')

% Standard fire curve (ISO 834)

Tg = 20 + 345 * log10(8 * t + 1);

else

% Parametric fire curve

Gamma = 0.04; % Time conversion factor

t_star = t * Gamma;

Tg = 20 + 1325 * (1 - 0.324 * exp(-0.2 * t_star) - 0.204 * exp(-0.17 * t_star) - 0.472 * exp(-

0.019 * t_star));

end

% Calculate the temperature of the steel reinforcement (Tr) using Wickstrom's model

s = case_params(3); % Distance from the steel bar axis to the concrete face (d')

nw = 1 - 0.0616 * t^(-0.88);

nss = 0.18 * log(alpha * t / s^2) - 0.81;

nx = ny = nss; % Assuming symmetrical heating

Tr = nw * (nx + ny - 2 * nx * ny) + nx * ny * Tg;

 % For demonstration purposes, assume concrete temperature (Tc) is the same as steel
temperature (Tr)

Tc = Tr;

end