10/3/2011

Class Objectives
CE 211 – SURVEYING ENGINEERING
CLASS 17: TRAVERSE COMPUTATION-4
Ahmed Abdel-Rahim, Ph.D, P.E.
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering
• Adjust angular misclosure for closed traverses.
• Compute departure and latitudes for traverse courses
using the link’s length and its bearing/azimuth
• Define traverse misclosure error and determine the
relative accuracy of the field measurements
• Adjust departures and latitudes using the compass and
transit methods
• Compute the coordinates of the traverse stations using
the adjusted latitudes and longitudes

HW Assignment TRAVERSE AREA COMPUTATIONS

• Using Coordinates
• Chapter 7 problems: • Using Offsets Method
– 5, 7, 13, 15, 21, 23, 27, 31
• Common shapes
– Due Friday 10/7/2011
– Solutions posted on the class website

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Area By coordinates Example

• Find the area of the closed traverse ABCDE in
acres

• Nodes listed in counterclockwise path

– Sum the products of diagonal terms upward to the right
“northeast” (1)
– Sum the products of diagonal terms downwards to the right
“southeast” (2)
– Take the difference between the two sums and divide by 2
• Area = 0.5 [sum (1) – sum (2)]
– If the nodes are listed clockwise – then the northeast sum
must be subtracted from the southeast sum

Example Area by Offsets

• Find the area of the closed traverse ABCDE in
acres

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Example TRAVERSE AREA COMPUTATIONS

 R2
segment area  R 2  sin 
360 2

 3.5  3.2  5 * 3.5 5 * 3.2

Area  5  7.2  9.7  12.4  16.7  13.5  7.9  
 2  2 2

Area  370m 2

100  200   41.4 (200) 2 

area   (100)    (200) 2  sin 41.4
 2   360 2 

TRAVERSE COMPUTATIONS Bearing-Bearing intersection computations

Referencing a Point to traverse stations Given: Coordinates of Stations
A and B
• Side Shots
Measured- Angles: ABC and
• Intersection BAC
– Bearing–Bearing Intersection Find: Coordinates C
– Distance–Distance Intersection Solution Approach:
• Find the length and azimuth of AB
• Coordinate Geometry • Find the azimuths and bearings of BC ad AC
– Lines and Circles/Coordinate Form • Find angle C = 180 – A - B
• Using the law of sign find the length of BC and AC
• Using the lengths and azimuths, find the departures and
latitudes for BC and AC
• Using the coordinates of B and departure and latitude of BC,
determine the coordinates of C
• Verify the results using the coordinates of A and the departure
and latitude of AC

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Distance-distance intersection computations

SIDE SHOTS COMPUTATIONS Given: Coordinates of Stations
Given: Coordinates of Station F A and B
and Azimuth of FE
Measured- Distances BC and
Measured- Side shots to P1 AC
and P2
Distances FP1 and FP2 Find: Coordinates C
Angles: EFP1 and EFP2 Solution Approach:
• Find the length and azimuth of AB
Find: Coordinates of P1 and P2 • Find the length of the sides AB, BC, and CA find the interior
angles (law of cosin)
Solution Approach: • Find the azimuths of BC and AC
• Find Azimuth of FP1 and FP2 • Using the lengths and azimuths, find the departures and
• Use the azimuth and length to determine the departures latitudes for BC and AC
and latitudes for FP1 and FP2 • Using the coordinates of B and departure and latitude of BC,
determine the coordinates of C
• Using the coordinates of F and the departures and latitudes
• Verify the results using the coordinates of A and the departure
for FP1 and FP2– determine the coordinates of P1 and P2 and latitude of AC

Finding the Intersection of Two Lines Finding the Intersection of Two Lines

700  1000 N S  1000 N S  650

m AB   Cot 50 
N  NA N  NA 1400  900 ES  900 ES  1050
m AB  B Cot AB  B
EB  E A EB  E A

Typically two simultaneous equations with two unknowns Solve to find Ns and Es

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Finding the Intersection of an Arc and a

Line

NB  N A
mAB 
EB  E A
N S  N O 2  ES  EO 2  R 2
Center of the arc must be known
Typically a quadratic equation that can be
solved
 b  b 2  4ac
x
2a