310 Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium state 7. For the reaction PCl3 (g)  Cl2 (g) ⇌ PCl5 (g) the
position of equilibrium can be shifted to the right
1. In any chemical reaction, equilibrium is supposed by [MP PMT 2004]
to be establish when (a) Increasing the temperature
[CPMT 1974, 80, 89; EAMCET 1975, 77, 79; (b) Doubling the volume
MP PMT 1990; NCERT 1980; MP PET 1995] (c) Addition of Cl2 at constant volume
(a) Mutual opposite reactions undergo (d) Addition of equimolar quantities of PCl3 and
(b) Concentration of reactants and resulting PCl5
products are equal
8. If a system is at equilibrium the rate of forward
(c) Velocity of mutual reactions become equal
to the reverse reaction is [UPSEAT 2004]
(d) The temperature of mutual opposite reactions
(a) Less (b) Equal
become equal
(c) High (d) At equilibrium
2. Which of the following conditions represents an
9. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic in nature
equilibrium
because
(a) Freezing of ice in a open vessel, temperature
[IIT 1977]
of ice is constant
(a) Equilibrium is maintained rapidly
(b) Few drops of water is present along with air
(b) The concentration of reactants and products
in a balloon, temperature of balloon is
become same at equilibrium
constant
(c) The concentration of reactants and products
(c) Water is boiling in an open vessel over stove,
are constant but different
temperature of water is constant
(d) Both forward and backward reactions occur at
(d) All the statements (a), (b) and (c) are correct
all times with same speed
for the equilibrium
10. The number of gram molecules of a substance
3. When rate of forward reaction becomes equal to present in unit volume is termed as [MP PMT 1993]
backward reaction, this state is termed as
(a) Activity (b) Normal solution
[NCERT 1975, 80; CPMT 1973, 74, 77]
(c) Molar concentration (d) Active mass
(a) Chemical equilibrium (b) Reversible state
(c) Equilibrium (d) All of these Law of mass action
4. In chemical reaction A ⇌ B , the system will be
known in equilibrium when[MP PMT 1990; NCERT 1977] 1. According to law of mass action rate of a chemical
reaction is proportional to [AFMC 2005]
(a) A completely changes to B
(a) Concentration of reactants
(b) 50% of A changes to B
(b) Molar concentration of reactants
(c) The rate of change of A to B and B to A on both
the sides are same (c) Concentration of products
(d) Only 10% of A changes to B (d) Molar concentration of products
5. A chemical reaction is at equilibrium when 2. In a reaction the rate of reaction is proportional
to its active mass, this statement is known as [IIT 1979]
[NCERT 1975; CPMT 1974; MP PMT 1996;
KCET 1993; IIT 1978; Manipal MEE 1995; Pb. PMT 2002]
(a) Law of mass action
(a) Reactants are completely transformed into (b) Le-chatelier principle
products (c) Faraday law of electrolysis
(b) The rates of forward and backward reactions (d) Law of constant proportion
are equal 3. The active mass of 64 gm of HI in a two litre flask
(c) Formation of products is minimised would be
(d) Equal amounts of reactants and products are [CPMT 1979]
present (a) 2 (b) 1
6. In the chemical reaction N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 at (c) 5 (d) 0.25
equilibrium point, state whether [NCERT 1977] 4. Under a given set of experimental conditions,
(a) Equal volumes of N 2 and H 2 are reacting with increase in the concentration of the
reactants, the rate of a chemical reaction
(b) Equal masses of N 2 and H 2 are reacting (a) Decreases
(c) The reaction has stopped (b) Increases
(d) The same amount of ammonia is formed as is (c) Remains unaltered
decomposed into N 2 and H 2 (d) First decreases and then increases
5. The law of mass action was enunciated by[MP PMT 1995]
 Chemical Equilibrium 311
(a) Guldberg and Waage (b) Bodenstein [ A]3 [B]2 [C ]
(c) (d)
(c) Birthelot (d) Graham [C ] [ A]3 [ B] 2
6. Theory of ‘active mass’ indicates that the rate of
In the reversible reaction A  B ⇌ C  D , the
2.1990]
chemical reaction is directly proportional to the[MP PET
concentration of each C and D at equilibrium was
(a) Equilibrium constant
0.8 mole/litre, then the equilibrium constant K c
(b) Properties of reactants
will be [MP PET 1986]
(c) Volume of apparatus
(a) 6.4 (b) 0.64
(d) Concentration of reactants
(c) 1.6 (d) 16.0
7. The rate at which substances react depends on
their 3. 4 moles of A are mixed with 4 moles of B. At
[MP PMT 1997] equilibrium for the reaction A  B ⇌ C  D , 2 moles
(a) Atomic weight (b) Molecular weight of C and D are formed. The equilibrium constant for
the reaction will be [CPMT 1992]
(c) Equivalent weight (d) Active mass
1 1
8. Which is false [AMU 1999] (a) (b)
4 2
(a) The greater the concentration of the
substances involved in a reaction, the lower (c) 1 (d) 4
the speed of the reaction 4. On a given condition, the equilibrium
(b) The point of dynamic equilibrium is reached concentration of HI, H 2 and I 2 are 0.80, 0.10 and
when the reaction rate in one direction just 0.10 mole/litre. The equilibrium constant for the
balances the reaction rate in the opposite reaction H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI will be [MP PET 1986]
direction
(a) 64 (b) 12
(c) The dissociation of weak electrolyte is a (c) 8 (d) 0.8
reversible reaction
5. In which of the following, the reaction proceeds
(d) The presence of free ions facilitates chemical towards completion [MNR 1990]
changes
(a) K  10 3 (b) K  10 2
9. Chemical equations convey quantitative
information on the (c) K  10 (d) K  1
[Orissa JEE 2002] 6. A reversible chemical reaction having two
(a) Type of atoms/molecules taking part in the reactants in equilibrium. If the concentrations of
reaction the reactants are doubled, then the equilibrium
constant will
(b) Number of atoms/molecules of the reactants
[CPMT 1982, 90; MP PMT 1990,2004; MNR 1992;
and products involved in the reaction
UPSEAT 2002; KCET 1999; Pb. CET 2004]
(c) Relative number of moles of reactants and
(a) Also be doubled (b) Be halved
products involved in the reaction
(c) Become one-fourth (d) Remain the same
(d) Quantity of reactant consumed and quantity of
product formed 7. The equilibrium constant in a reversible reaction
at a given temperature [AIIMS 1982]
10. In the thermal decomposition of potassium
(a) Depends on the initial concentration of the
chlorate given as 2 K ClO 3  2 KCl  3 O 2 , law of
reactants
mass action
(b) Depends on the concentration of the products at
[MADT Bihar 1983]
equilibrium
(a) Cannot be applied
(c) Does not depend on the initial concentrations
(b) Can be applied
(d) It is not characteristic of the reaction
(c) Can be applied at low temperature
8. Pure ammonia is placed in a vessel at temperature
(d) Can be applied at high temp. and pressure where its dissociation constant ( ) is
appreciable. At equilibrium
Law of equilibrium and Equilibrium constant [IIT 1984; Kurukshetra CEE 1998]
(a) K p does not change significantly with
1. For the system 3 A  2B ⇌ C , the expression for
equilibrium constant is pressure
[NCERT 1981; CPMT 1989; MP PMT 1990; (b)  does not change with pressure
RPMT 1999; Pb. PMT 2002; Pb. CET 2002] (c) Concentration of NH 3 does not change with
[3 A][2 B] [C] pressure
(a) (b)
C [3 A][2 B] (d) Concentration of H 2 is less than that of N 2
 312 Chemical Equilibrium
9. For the system A(g)  2 B(g) ⇌ C (g ) , the equilibrium 15. Unit of equilibrium constant for the reversible
concentrations are (A) 0.06 mole/litre (B) 0.12 reaction H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI is [
mole/litre (C) 0.216 mole/litre. The K eq for the 1 2
(a) mol litre (b) mol litre
reaction is
[CPMT 1983] (c) mol litre 1 (d) None of these
(a) 250 (b) 416 16. The decomposition of N 2 O 4 to NO 2 is carried out
3
(c) 4  10 (d) 125 at 280 K in chloroform. When equilibrium has
10. The equilibrium constant for the given reaction been established, 0.2 mol of N 2 O 4 and 2  10 3
H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI is correctly given by expression mol of NO 2 are present in 2 litre solution. The
[CPMT 1984] equilibrium constant for reaction N 2 O 4 ⇌ 2NO 2
[H 2 ][I 2 ] [H 2 ][I 2 ] is
(a) K c  (b) K c  [AIIMS 1984]
[HI] [2 HI] 2
(a) 1  10 (b) 2  10 3
2
[H 2 ][I 2 ] [HI]
(c) K c  (d) K c  (c) 1  10 5 (d) 2  10 5
[HI]2 [H 2 ][I 2 ]
17. Concentration of a gas is expressed in the
11. Partial pressures of A, B, C and D on the basis of following terms in the calculation of equilibrium
gaseous system A  2B ⇌ C  3 D are A = 0.20; B = constant [EAMCET 1982]
0.10; C = 0.30 and D = 0.50 atm. The numerical (a) No. of molecules per litre
value of equilibrium constant is [CPMT 1987]
(b) No. of grams per litre
(a) 11.25 (b) 18.75
(c) No. of gram equivalent per litre
(c) 5 (d) 3.75
(d) No. of molecules equivalent per litre
12. For the reaction A  2B ⇌ C , the expression for 18. The unit of equilibrium constant K for the
equilibrium constant is
reaction A  B ⇌ C would be [CPMT 1987]
[MNR 1987; MP PMT 1999; UPSEAT 2002]
1 1
(a) mol litre (b) litre mol
[ A][B] 2 [ A][B]
(a) (b) (c) mol litre (d) Dimensionless
[C ] [C ]
[C] [C] 19. In a reaction A  B ⇌ C  D , the concentrations of
(c) (d)
[ A][B]2 2[B][ A] A, B, C and D (in moles/litre) are 0.5, 0.8, 0.4 and
1.0 respectively. The equilibrium constant is[BHU 1981]
13. 2 moles of PCl 5 were heated in a closed vessel of
(a) 0.1 (b) 1.0
2 litre capacity. At equilibrium, 40% of PCl 5 is (c) 10 (d) 
dissociated into PCl 3 and Cl 2 . The value of
20. In a chemical equilibrium A  B ⇌ C  D , when
equilibrium constant is one mole each of the two reactants are mixed, 0.6
[MP PMT 1989; RPMT 2000; UPSEAT 2004; mole each of the products are formed. The
Kerala CET 2005] equilibrium constant calculated is
(a) 0.266 (b) 0.53 [CBSE PMT 1989]

(c) 2.66 (d) 5.3 (a) 1 (b) 0.36

(c) 2.25 (d) 4/9
14. For which of the following reactions does the
equilibrium constant depend on the units of 21. For the reaction N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g) , the
concentration correct expression of equilibrium constant K is
[AIIMS 1983] [CPMT 1984, 2000]
1 1 2
[ N 2 ][H 2 ]3
(a) NO (g) ⇌ N 2( g )  O 2( g ) (a) K 
[ NH 3 ]
(b) K 
2 2 [ N 2 ][H 2 ] 3
[ NH 3 ]2
(b) Zn(s)  Cu (2aq ) ⇌ Cu (s)  Zn(2aq ) 2[ NH 3 ] [ N 2 ]  3[H 2 ]
(c) K  (d) K 
(c) [ N 2 ]  3[H 2 ] 2[ NH 3 ]
C 2 H 5 OH (l)  CH 3 COOH (l) ⇌ 22. The suitable expression for the equilibrium
CH 3 COOC 2 H 5(l)  H 2 O(l) (Reaction carried in an constant of the reaction 2 NO (g)  Cl 2(g) ⇌ 2 NOCl (g)
inert solvent) is
[CPMT 1983, 87]
(d) COCl 2(g) ⇌ CO (g)  Cl 2 (g)
[2 NOCl ] [ NOCl ]2
(a) K c  (b) K c 
[2 NO ][Cl 2 ] [ NO ]2 [Cl 2 ]
 Chemical Equilibrium 313
[ NOCl ]2 [ NOCl ]2 27 . 54 g of NH 3 . The approximate value of K c for
(c) K c  (d) K c 
[ NO ][Cl 2 ]2 [ NO ]2 [Cl 2 ]2 the above reaction can be (in mole 2 litre 2 )[CBSE PMT 1990

23. A + B ⇌ C + D. If finally the concentration of A (a) 75 (b) 50

and B are both equal but at equilibrium (c) 25 (d) 100
concentration of D will be twice of that of A then 31. The equilibrium concentration of X, Y and YX 2
what will be the equilibrium constant of reaction.[BHU 2005]are 4, 2 and 2 moles respectively for the
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 9 / 4 equilibrium 2 X  Y ⇌ YX 2 . The value of K c is [EAMCET 199
(c) 1 / 9 (d) 4
(a) 0.625 (b) 0.0625
24. If in the reaction N 2 O4  2 NO 2 , is that part of (c) 6.25 (d) 0.00625
N 2 O 4 which dissociates, then the number of 32. An amount of solid NH 4 HS is placed in a flask
moles at equilibrium will be[MP PET 1990; MH CET 2001; KCET 2005] containing ammonia gas at a certain
already
(a) 3 (b) 1 temperature and 0.50 atm. pressure. Ammonium
(c) (1   )2 (d) (1   ) hydrogen sulphide decomposes to yield NH 3 and
H 2 S gases in the flask. When the decomposition
25. In the gas phase reaction, C 2 H 4  H 2 ⇌ C 2 H 6 , the
reaction reaches equilibrium, the total pressure in
equilibrium constant can be expressed in units of
the flask rises to 0.84 atm. The equilibrium
[CBSE PMT 1992; Pb. PMT 1999] constant for NH 4 HS decomposition at this
1 1
(a) litre mole (b) litre mole 1 temperature is
2 2 1 [AIEEE 2005]
(c) mole litre (d) mole litre
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.18
26. For the reaction 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3 , the units of
(c) 0.17 (d) 0.11
K c are 33. In the reaction A  2 B ⇌ 2C , if 2 moles of A, 3.0
[CPMT 1990] moles of B and 2.0 moles of C are placed in a
(a) litre mole 1 (b) mol litre 1 2.0 l flask and the equilibrium concentration of C
is 0.5 mole/ l . The equilibrium constant (K c ) for
(c) (mol litre 1 )2 (d) (litre mole 1 ) 2
the reaction is [KCET 1996]
27. A quantity of PCl 5 was heated in a 10 litre vessel
(a) 0.073 (b) 0.147
at 250 o C ; PCl 5 (g) ⇌ PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g) . At (c) 0.05 (d) 0.026
equilibrium the vessel contains 0.1 mole of 34. In a 500 ml capacity vessel CO and Cl 2 are mixed
PCl 5 0.20 mole of PCl 3 and 0.2 mole of Cl 2 . The to form COCl 2 . At equilibrium, it contains 0.2
equilibrium constant of the reaction is
moles of COCl 2 and 0.1 mole of each of CO and
[KCET 1993, 2001; MP PMT 2003]
CO 2 . The equilibrium constant Kc for the
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.05
reaction CO  Cl 2 ⇌ COCl 2 is
(c) 0.04 (d) 0.025
[CBSE PMT 1998]
28. A mixture of 0.3 mole of H 2 and 0.3 mole of I 2 is
(a) 5 (b) 10
allowed to react in a 10 litre evacuated flask at
(c) 15 (d) 20
500 o C . The reaction is H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI , the K is
35. A reaction is A  B  C  D . Initially we start with
found to be 64. The amount of unreacted I 2 at
equal concentration of A and B . At equilibrium
equilibrium is [KCET 1990] we find the moles of C is two times of A . What is
(a) 0.15 mole (b) 0.06 mole the equilibrium constant of the reaction[BHU 1998; KCET 2
(c) 0.03 mole (d) 0.2 mole (a) 4 (b) 2
29. In a chemical equilibrium, the rate constant of the (c) 1 / 4 (d) 1 / 2
backward reaction is 7.5  10 4 and the 36. 4.5 moles each of hydrogen and iodine heated in a
equilibrium constant is 1.5. So the rate constant of sealed ten litre vessel. At equilibrium, 3 moles of
the forward reaction is [KCET 1989] HI were found. The equilibrium constant for H 2 (g)  I2 (g) ⇌
(a) 5  10 4 (b) 2  10 3 [EAMCET 1998]
(c) 1 .125  10 3 (d) 9 . 0  10 4 (a) 1 (b) 10
30. 28 g of N 2 and 6 g of H 2 were kept at 400 o C in (c) 5 (d) 0.33
1 litre vessel, the equilibrium mixture contained 37. An equilibrium mixture of the reaction
2 H 2 S (g) ⇌ 2 H 2 (g)  S 2 (g) had 0.5 mole H 2 S , 0.10
 314 Chemical Equilibrium
mole H 2 and 0.4 mole S 2 in one litre vessel. The (a) 2.4 (b) 18
value of equilibrium constant (K ) in mole litre-1 is (c) 4.8 (d) 9
[AIIMS 1998; IIT 1992; AFMC 1999; UPSEAT 2001] 46. 15 moles of H 2 and 5.2 moles of I 2 are mixed and
(a) 0.004 (b) 0.008 allowed to attain equilibrium at 500 o C . At
(c) 0.016 (d) 0.160 equilibrium, the concentration of HI is found to
38. At 3000 K the equilibrium pressures of CO2, CO be 10 moles. The equilbrium constant for the
and O2 are 0.6,0.4 and 0.2 atmospheres formation of HI is
respectively. K p for the reaction, 2CO 2 ⇌ 2CO  O2 [KCET 2005]
is [JIPMER 1999] (a) 50 (b) 15
(a) 0.089 (b) 0.0533 (c) 100 (d) 25
(c) 0.133 (d) 0.177 47. In a chemical reaction equilibrium is established
39. The rate constant for forward and backward when
reactions of hydrolysis of ester are 1 .1  10 2 and [MP PET 2001]
1 .5  10 3 per minute respectively. Equilibrium (a) Opposing reaction ceases
constant for the reaction is
(b) Concentration of reactants and products are
CH 3 COOC 2 H 5  H 2 O ⇌ CH 3 COOH C2 H 5 OH equal
[AIIMS 1999] (c) Velocity of opposing reaction is the same as
(a) 4.33 (b) 5.33 that of forward reaction
(c) 6.33 (d) 7.33 (d) Reaction ceases to generate heat
40. At a certain temp. 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 Only 50% HI is 48. For the reaction H 2  I2  2 HI ,the equilibrium
dissociated at equilibrium. The equilibrium
concentration of H 2 , I2 and HI are 8.0, 3.0 and
constant is
[DCE 1999] 28.0 mol per litre respectively, the equilibrium
(a) 0.25 (b) 1.0 constant of the reaction is
(c) 3.0 (d) 0.50 [BHU 2000; CBSE PMT 2001]
41. When 3 mole of A and 1 mole of B are mixed in 1 (a) 30.66 (b) 32.66
litre vessel the following reaction takes place (c) 34.66 (d) 36.66
A( g )  B( g ) ⇌ 2C(g) . 1.5 moles of C are formed. The 49. Change in volume of the system does not alter the
equilibrium constant for the reaction is[MP PMT 2000] number of moles in which of the following
(a) 0.12 (b) 0.25 equilibrium
(c) 0.50 (d) 4.0 [AIEEE 2002]
42. A 1 M solution of glucose reaches dissociation (a) N 2(g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO (g)
equilibrium according to equation given below
(b) PCl 5 ( g ) ⇌ PCl 3(g)  Cl 2(g)
6 HCHO ⇌ C6 H12 O6 . What is the concentration of
HCHO at equilibrium if equilibrium constant is (c) N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g)
6  10 22 [MP PMT 2000] (d) SO 2 Cl 2(g) ⇌ SO 2(g)  Cl 2(g)
(a) 1 .6  10 8 M (b) 3 .2  10 6 M
50. The rate of forward reaction is two times that of
(c) 3 .2  10 4 M (d) 1 .6  10 4 M
reverse reaction at a given temperature and
43. Equilibrium concentration of HI, I2 and H2 is identical concentration. Kequilibrium is [KCET 2002]
0.7, 0.1 and 0.1 M respectively. The equilibrium (a) 2.5 (b) 2.0
constant for the reaction I2  H 2 ⇌ 2HI is [JIPMER 2000]
(c) 0.5 (d) 1.5
(a) 36 (b) 49 51. Write the equilibrium constant K for
(c) 0.49 (d) 0.36 CH 3 COOH  H 2 O  H 3 O   CH 3 COO 
44. For the equilibrium N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3 , K c at 1000K [Kerala (Med.) 2002]
3
is 2.37  10 . If at equilibrium [H 3 O ][H 2 O] 
(a) K 
[N 2 ]  2M,[H 2 ]  3 M , the concentration of NH 3 is [JIPMER 2000] [CH 3 COO  ][CH 3 COOH ]
(a) 0.00358 M (b) 0.0358 M
[H O  ][CH 3 COO  ]
(c) 0.358 M (d) 3.58 M (b) K  3
[H 2 O][CH 3 COOH ]
45. In the reaction, A  B ⇌ 2C , at equilibrium, the
[H 3 O  ][H 2 O]
concentration of A and B is 0 .20 mol l 1 each and (c) K 
[CH 3 COOH ][CH 3 COO  ]
that of C was found to be 0 . 60 mol l 1 . The
equilibrium constant of the reaction is [MH CET 2000]
 Chemical Equilibrium 315
[H 2 O][CH 3 COO  ] (a) 3 . 3  10 2 mol litre 1 (b) 3  10 1 mol litre 1
(d) K 
[H 2 O][CH 3 COOH ] (c) 3  10 3 mol litre 1 (d) 3  10 3 mol litre 1
52. The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction 59. 3.2 moles of hydrogen iodide were heated in a
HA  B ⇌ BH   A  is 100. If the rate constant for sealed bulb at 444 o C till the equilibrium state
the forward reaction is 105, then rate constant for was reached. Its degree of dissociation at this
the backward reaction is [CBSE PMT 2002] temperature was found to be 22%. The number of
(a) 10 7 (b) 10 3 moles of hydrogen iodide present at equilibrium
are [BHU 1982]
(c) 10 3 (d) 10 5
(a) 2.496 (b) 1.87
53. 9.2 grams of N 2 O 4 (g ) is taken in a closed one litre
(c) 2 (d) 4
vessel and heated till the following equilibrium is 60. 56 g of nitrogen and 8 g hydrogen gas are heated
reached N 2 O 4 (g ) ⇌ 2 NO 2(g) . in a closed vessel. At equilibrium 34 g of ammonia
At equilibrium, 50% N 2 O 4 (g ) is dissociated. What are present. The equilibrium number of moles of
nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia are respectively
is the equilibrium constant (in mol litre–1) [KCET 2004]
(Molecular weight of N 2 O4  92) [MP PET 2003]
(a) 1,2,2 (b) 2,2,1
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.4 (c) 1,1,2 (d) 2,1,2
(c) 0.2 (d) 2
61. The reaction, 2 SO 2(g )  O2(g ) ⇌ 2 SO 3( g ) is carried out
54. Two moles of NH 3 when put into a previously
evacuated vessel (one litre), partially dissociate in a 1 dm 3 vessel and 2 dm 3 vessel separately. The
into N 2 and H 2 . If at equilibrium one mole of ratio of the reaction velocities will be [KCET 2004]
NH3 is present, the equilibrium constant is (a) 1 [MP
: 8 PET 2003] (b) 1 : 4
(a) 3/4 mol 2 litre 2 (b) 27/64 mol 2 litre 2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 8 : 1
(c) 27/32 mol 2 litre 2 (d) 27/1 mol 2 litre 2 62. The compound A and B are mixed in equimolar
proportion to form the products, A  B ⇌ C  D .
55. In a reaction, reactant ‘A’ decomposes 10% in 1
At equilibrium, one third of A and B are
hour, 20% on 2 hour and 30% in 3 hour. The unit
consumed. The equilibrium constant for the
of rate constant of this reaction is [MP PET 2003]
reaction is [KCET 2004]
(a) sec 1 (b) mol litre 1 sec 1
(a) 0.5 (b) 4.0
(c) litre mol 1 sec 1 (d) litre 2 mol 2 sec 1 (c) 2.5 (d) 0.25
56. In the reaction PCl 5 ( g ) ⇌ PCl 3( g ) Cl 2( g ) . 63. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon monoxide
The equilibrium concentrations of PCl 5 and PCl 3 from the following

are 0.4 and 0.2 mole/litre respectively. If the CaCO 3(s)  CaO(s)  CO 2  ; K p  8  10 2
value of K c is 0.5 what is the concentration of Cl 2
CO 2(g)  C(s)  2CO(g) ; K p  2 [Orissa JEE 2004]
in moles/litre [EAMCET 2003]
(a) 2.0 (b) 1.5 (a) 0.2 (b) 0.4
(c) 1.0 (d) 0.5 (c) 1.6 (d) 4
57. In Haber process 30 litres of dihydrogen and 30 64. The equilibrium constant for the reaction
litres of dinitrogen were taken for reaction which N 2(g)  O2(g) ⇌ 2 NO( g) at temperature T is 4  10 4 .
yielded only 50% of the expected product. What
will be the composition of gaseous mixture under The value of K c for the reaction
the aforesaid condition in the end 1 1
NO(g) ⇌ N 2( g )  O2( g ) at the same temperature is
[CBSE PMT 2003] 2 2
(a) 20 litres ammonia, 25 litres nitrogen, 15 litres [AIEEE 2004]
hydrogen (a) 4  10 4
(b) 50
(b) 20 litres ammonia, 20 litres nitrogen, 20 litres
hydrogen (c) 2 .5  10 2
(d) 0.02
(c) 10 litres ammonia, 25 litres nitrogen, 15 litres 65. What is the equilibrium expression for the
hydrogen reaction P4 (s)  5 O2(g) ⇌ P4 O10 (s)
(d) 20 litres ammonia, 10 litres nitrogen, 30 litres
hydrogen (a) Kc  [O2 ]5 (b) Kc  [P4 O10 ] / 5[P4 ][O2 ]
58. For the reaction equilibrium N 2 O 4 ⇌ 2 NO 2(g) , the (c) Kc  [P4 O10 ] /[ P4 ][O2 ]5 (d) Kc  1 /[O2 ]5
concentrations of N 2 O 4 and NO 2 at equilibrium
66. In the reaction, H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI . In a 2 litre flask 0.4
are 4 . 8  10 2 and 1 .2  10 2 mol litre 1 respectively. moles of each H2 and I2 are taken. At
The value of K c for the reaction is [AIEEE 2003]
 316 Chemical Equilibrium
equilibrium 0.5 moles of HI are formed. What x2 (1  x )2
will be the value of equilibrium constant, K c (a) [CPMT 2004] (b)
(1  x )
2
(1  x )2
(a) 20.2 (b) 25.4
x2 x2
(c) 0.284 (d) 11.1 (c) (d)
(2  x )2 1  x2
67. Ammonia carbonate when heated to 200°C gives a
mixture of NH 3 and CO 2 vapour with a density of 73. 0.6 mole of NH3 in a reaction vessel of 2dm3
13.0. What is the degree of dissociation of capacity was brought to equilibrium. The vessel
ammonium carbonate was then found to contain 0.15 mole of H2 formed
by the reaction
[Kerala PMT 2004]
(a) 3 / 2 (b) 1 / 2 2 NH 3(g)  N 2(g)  3 H 2(g)

(c) 2 (d) 1 Which of the following statements is true[KCET 1999]

(e) 5 / 2
(a) 0.15 mole of the original NH3 had dissociated
68. 2 mol of N 2 is mixed with 6 mol of H 2 in a closed at equilibrium
vessel of one litre capacity. If 50% of N 2 is
(b) 0.55 mole of ammonia is left in the vessel
converted into NH 3 at equilibrium, the value of
(c) At equilibrium the vessel contained 0.45 mole
K c for the reaction N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g) is [Kerala PMT 2004]
of N 2
(a) 4 / 27 (b) 27 / 4
(d) The concentration of NH3 at equilibrium is
(c) 1 / 27 (d) 24
0.25 mole per dm3
(e) 9
74. 5 moles of SO2 and 5 moles of O2 are allowed to
69. For a reaction H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI at 721K, the value of
react to form SO3 in a closed vessel. At the
equilibrium constant is 50. If 0.5 mols each of equilibrium stage 60% of SO2 is used up. The total
H 2 and I 2 is added to the system the value of number of moles of SO2, O2 and SO3 in the vessel
equilibrium constant will be now is [KCET 2001]
[DCE 2004] (a) 10.0 (b) 8.5
(a) 40 (b) 60 (c) 10.5 (d) 3.9
(c) 50 (d) 30
Kp & Kc Relationship and Characteristics of K
70. What is the effect of halving the pressure by
doubling the volume on the following system at
1. In which of the following reaction, the value of
500°C
K p will be equal to K c [MP PMT 1995]
H 2(g)  I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI( g ) [UPSEAT 2004]
(a) H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI (b) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2
(a) Shift to product side (c) 2NH 3 ⇌ N 2  3H 2 (d) 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3
(b) Shift to product formation 2. Equilibrium constants K1 and K 2 for the following
(c) Liquefaction of HI equilibria
(d) No effect 1 K1
NO (g)  O 2 NO 2 (g)
71. When NaNO 3 is heated in a closed vessel, O 2 is 2
liberated and NaNO 2 is left behind. At equilibrium and 2 NO 2 (g) K2 2 NO(g)  O2 (g) are related as
[CBSE PMT 2005]
[IIT 1986; Roorkee 1995]
1
(a) Addition of NaNO 3 favours forward reaction (a) K 2  (b) K 2  K12
K1
(b) Addition of NaNO 2 favours reverse reaction K1 1
(c) K 2  (d) K 2 
(c) Increasing pressure favours reverse reaction 2 K12

(d) Increasing temperature favours forward 3. For the reaction PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g) ⇌ PCl 5 (g) at
reaction o
250 C , the value of K c is 26, then the value of
72. For the reaction : H 2(g)  CO 2(g) ⇌ CO(g)  H 2O(g) , if K p on the same temperature will be [MNR 1990; MP PET 2
the initial concentration of [H 2 ]  [CO2 ] and x
(a) 0.61 (b) 0.57
moles/litre of hydrogen is consumed at
equilibrium, the correct expression of K p is[Orissa JEE 2005](c) 0.83 (d) 0.46
 Chemical Equilibrium 317
4. The relation between equilibrium constant K p
and K c is 10. In which of the following equilibria, the value of
K p is less than K c [MP PMT 1993]
[IIT 1994; MP PMT 1994; CPMT 1997; AMU 2000;
RPMT 2000, 02;MP PET 2002; Kerala PMT 2002] (a) H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI
n n
(a) K c  K p (RT ) (b) K p  Kc (RT ) (b) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3
n
K  (c) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2 NO
(c) K p   c  (d) K p  K c  (RT )n
 RT  (d) CO  H 2 O ⇌ CO 2  H 2
5. CH 3 COOH (l)  C 2 H 5 OH (l) ⇌ CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 (l)  H 2 O(l)
1
In the above reaction, one mole of each of acetic 11. Two gaseous equilibria SO 2( g )  O 2( g ) ⇌ SO 3(g )
2
acid and alcohol are heated in the presence of
little conc. H 2 SO 4 . On equilibrium being attained
and 2 SO 3( g ) ⇌ 2 SO 2(g)  O 2(g) have equilibrium
constants K1 and K2 respectively at 298 K .
[CPMT 1985; MP PET 1992]
(a) 1 mole of ethyl acetate is formed Which of the following relationships between K 1

(b) 2 mole of ethyl acetate are formed and K 2 is correct

(c) 1/2 moles of ethyl acetate is formed [CPMT 1988; CBSE PMT 1989; MP PET 1993, 95;
(d) 2/3 moles of ethyl acetate is formed RPMT 1999; MP PMT 2001]

6. If the equilibrium constant of the reaction 2HI ⇌ (a) K1  K 2 (b) K 2  K 12

H 2  I 2 is 0.25, then the equilibrium constant of
1 1
the reaction H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI would be[MP PMT 1989, 95] (c) K 2  (d) K 2 
K 12 K1
(a) 1.0 (b) 2.0
(c) 3.0 (d) 4.0
12. H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI

7. For N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3  heat In the above equilibrium system if the

o
[CPMT 1990; MP PMT 1997; RPMT 1999; concentration of the reactants at 25 C is
MP PET 2000; KCET 2001]
increased, the value of K c will

(a) K p  K c(RT ) (b) K p  K c (RT ) [BHU 1979; CPMT 1990; CBSE PMT 1990]
(a) Increase
(c) K p  Kc (RT )2 (d) K p  Kc (RT )1
(b) Decrease
8. In the reaction N 2 (g)  3 H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3 (g) , the value
(c) Remains the same
of the equilibrium constant depends on
[CPMT 1990; AIIMS 1991; MP PET 1996] (d) Depends on the nature of the reactants

(a) Volume of the reaction vessel 13. At a given temperature, the equilibrium constant

(b) Total pressure of the system for reaction PCl 5 (g) ⇌ PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g) is 2 . 4  10 3 .

(c) The initial concentration of nitrogen and At the same temperature, the equilibrium
hydrogen constant for reaction PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g) ⇌ PCl 5 (g) is[KCET 199
(d) The temperature (a) 2 . 4  10 3 (b)  2 .4  10 3
9. For the chemical equilibrium, CaCO 3 (s) ⇌ (c) 4 .2  10 2 (d) 4 . 8  10 2
CaO (s)  CO 2 (g), H r can be determined from which 14. For the reaction C(s)  CO 2 (g) ⇌ 2 CO (g ) , the
one of the following plots [AIIMS 2005] partial pressure of CO 2 and CO are 2.0 and 4.0
atm respectively at equilibrium. The K p for the
pCO2/p°

pCO2/p°
log10

log10

reaction is [Roorkee 1990]

(a) (b)
(a) 0.5 (b) 4.0
1/T T (c) 8.0 (d) 32.0
15. K for the synthesis of HI is 50. K for
ln pCO2/p°

pCO2/p°

dissociation of HI is [Roorkee 1990]

(c) (d) (a) 50 (b) 5

log10T 1\T
(c) 0.2 (d) 0.02
 318 Chemical Equilibrium
16. In which one of the following gaseous equilibria (c) K p  K e
K p is less than K c [EAMCET 1989; MP PET 1994; Pb. PMT 2000;(d) Whether K is greater than, less than or
p
KCET 2001; CBSE PMT 2002] equal to Kc depends upon the total gas
(a) N 2 O 4 ⇌ 2NO 2 (b) 2HI ⇌ H 2  I 2 pressure
(c) 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3 (d) N 2  O 2 ⇌ 2 NO 24. In equilibrium CH 3 COOH  H 2 O ⇌ CH 3 COO  H 3 O
The equilibrium constant may change when
17. For which of the following reactions K p  K c
(a) CH 3 COO  are added (b) CH 3 COOH is added
[KCET 1991; IIT 1991; EAMCET 1992;
(c) Catalyst is added (d) Mixture is heated
AIIMS 1996; KCET 2000; AMU 2000]
25. For reaction 2NOCl(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g)  Cl 2 (g) , KC at
(a) 2 NOCl (g) ⇌ 2 NO(g)  Cl 2 (g)
427°C is 3  10 6 L mol 1 . The value of K P is nearly [AIIMS 2
(b) N 2 (g)  3 H 2 (g) ⇌ 2 NH 3 (g)
(a) 7.50  10 5 (b) 2 .50  10 5
(c) H 2 (g)  Cl 2 (g) ⇌ 2 HCl (g)
(c) 2 .50  10 4 (d) 1.75  10 4
(d) N 2 O 4 (g) ⇌ 2 NO 2 (g) 26. For which one of the following reactions K p  K c
18. For the reaction H 2 (g)  I2 (g) ⇌ 2 HI(g) at 721 K the [MP PET 1997]
value of equilibrium constant (K c ) is 50. When (a) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 (b) N 2  O 2 ⇌ 2 NO
the equilibrium concentration of both is 0.5 M , (c) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2 (d) 2SO 3 ⇌ 2SO 2  O2
the value of K p under the same conditions will be 27. The equilibrium constant for the reversible
[CBSE PMT 1990] reaction, N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 is K and for the
(a) 0.002 (b) 0.2 1 3
reaction N 2  H 2 ⇌ NH 3 the equilibrium
(c) 50.0 (d) 50 / RT 2 2
19. In which of the following reaction K p  K c [AFMC 1995] constant is K  . K and K  will be related as

(a) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 (b) H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI (a) K  K  (b) K   K

(c) PCl 3  Cl 2 ⇌ PCl 5 (d) 2SO 3 ⇌ O2  2SO 2 (c) K  K  (d) K  K   1

28. The equilibrium constant (K p ) for the reaction
20. For the reaction PCl 5 (g) ⇌ PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g)
PCl 5 (g)  PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g) is 16. If the volume of the
[MP PET 1996]
container is reduced to one half its original
(a) K p  K c (b) K p  K c (RT )1
volume, the value of K p for the reaction at the
(c) K p  K c (RT ) (d) K p  K c (RT )2 same temperature will be
21. The equilibrium constant of the reaction [KCET 1996]
H 2 (g)  I2 (g) ⇌ 2 HI(g) is 64. If the volume of the (a) 32 (b) 64
container is reduced to one fourth of its original (c) 16 (d) 4
volume, the value of the equilibrium constant will 29. 2NO 2 ⇌ 2 NO  O 2 ; K  1 .6  10 12
be [MP PET 1996] 1
(a) 16 (b) 32 NO  O 2 ⇌ NO 2 K   ? [CPMT 1996]
2
(c) 64 (d) 128
1 1
22. For the following gaseous reaction H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI , (a) K   (b) K  
K2 K
the equilibrium constant[MP PMT 1996; MP PET/PMT 1998] 1
(a) K p  K c (b) K p  K c (c) K   (d) None of these
K
(c) K p  K c (d) K p  1 / K c
30. The value of Kp for the following reaction
23. For the reaction
2 H 2 S (g) ⇌ 2 H 2 (g)  S 2 (g) is 1 .2  10 2 at 106 .5 o C .
2 NO 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g)  O2(g)
The value of K c for this reaction is
(K c  1 .8  10 6 at 184 C)
[EAMCET 1997; AIIMS 1999; AFMC 2000; KCET 2001]
(R  0.0831 kJ / (mol . K)) (a) 1 . 2  10 2 (b)  1 . 2  10 2
When K p and K c are compared at 184°C it is (c) 83 (d)  1 . 2  10 2
found that 31. Which statement for equilibrium constant is true
[AIEEE 2005]
for the reaction A  B ⇌ C [CPMT 1997]
(a) K p is greater than K c
(a) Not changes with temperature
(b) K p is less than K c (b) Changes when catalyst is added
(c) Increases with temperature
 Chemical Equilibrium 319
(d) Changes with temperature 38. At 490°C, the equilibrium constant for the
32. The equilibrium constant for the reaction synthesis of HI is 50, the value of K for the
N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 is K , then the equilibrium dissociation of HI will be
[KCET 2000]
1 3
constant for the equilibrium NH 3 ⇌ N 2  H 2 is (a) 20.0 (b) 2.0
2 2
[CBSE PMT 1996; UPSEAT 2001] (c) 0.2 (d) 0.02
39. In which of the following case Kp is less than Kc
(a) 1 / K (b) 1 / K 2
[AFMC 1997; Pb. PMT 2000]
1
(c) K (d) (a) H 2  Cl 2 ⇌ 2HCl (b) 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3
K
(c) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2 NO (d) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2
33. Which of the following statements regarding a
chemical equilibrium is wrong 40. 3 ( s ) ⇌ CaO1999]
CaCO[JIPMER (s)  CO 2( g ) which of the following
(a) An equilibrium can be shifted by altering the expression is correct [MH CET 2000]
temperature or pressure
(a) K P  (PCaO  PCO 2 / PCaCO 3 )
(b) An equilibrium is dynamic
(c) The same state of equilibrium is reached (b) K P  PCO 2
whether one starts with the reactants or the (c) K P  (PCaO  PCO 2 ).PCaCO 3
products
K p [CaO ][CO 2 ]
(d) The forward reaction is favoured by the (d)
addition of a catalyst [CaCO 3 ]
34. The reaction between N 2 and H 2 to form 41. If Kc is the equilibrium constant for the
2
ammonia has K c  6  10 at the temperature formation of NH 3 , the dissociation constant of
500°C. The numerical value of Kp for this ammonia under the same temperature will be[DPMT 2001]
reaction is [UPSEAT 1999] (a) K c (b) Kc
(a) 1 . 5  10 5 (b) 1 .5  10 5 (c) K c2 (d) 1 / K c
6
(c) 1 . 5  10 (d) 1 .5  10 6
42. 3.2 moles of hydrogen iodide were heated in a
35. For the gaseous phase reaction scaled bulb at 444°C till the equilibrium was
2NO ⇌ N 2  O2 H    43 .5 kcal mol 1 reached. The degree of dissociation of HI at this
Which statement is correct temperature was found to be 22%. The number of
[MH CET 1999]
moles of hydrogen iodide present at equilibrium
(a) K varies with addition of NO
are [MH CET 2001]
(b) K decrease as temperature decreases
(a) 1.87 (b) 2.496
(c) K Increases as temperature decreases
(d) K is independent of temperature (c) 4.00 (d) 2.00
36. For the reversible reaction, 43. The K c for H 2(g)  I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI( g ) is 64. If the volume
N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g) of the container is reduced to one-half of its
original volume, the value of the equilibrium
at 500°C, the value of K P is 1 .44  10 5 when constant will be [JIPMER 2001]
partial pressure is measured in atmospheres. The (a) + 28 (b) 64
corresponding value of K c with concentration in
(c) 32 (d) 16
mole litre-1, is
44. A reversible reaction H 2  Cl 2 ⇌ 2HCl is carries out
[IIT Screening 2000; Pb. CET 2004]
in one litre flask. If the same reaction is carried
(a) 1 .44  10 5 / 0 .082  500 
2
out in two litre flask, the equilibrium constant
(b) 1 .44  10 5 / 8 .314  773 
2
will be [JIPMER 2001]

(c) 1 .44  10 5 / 0 . 082  773 

2 (a) Decreased (b) Doubled
(c) Halved (d) Same
(d) 1 .44  10 5 / 0 .082  773 
2
45. For the reaction
37. A chemical reaction is catalyzed by a catalyst X. 2 NO 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g)  O2(g) , K c  1 . 8  10 6 at 185°C. At
Hence X
1
[AIIMS 2000] 185°C the Kc for NO (g) + O 2( g ) ⇌ NO 2( g ) is
(a) Reduces enthalpy of the reaction 2
[JIPMER 2001]
(b) Decreases rate constant of the reaction
(c) Increases activation energy of the reaction (a) 1 . 95  10 3 (b) 1 . 95  10 3
(d) Does not affect equilibrium constant of (c) 7.5  10 2 (d) 0 . 9  10 6
reaction
 320 Chemical Equilibrium

46. If for H 2 (g ) 
1
S 2(S ) ⇌ H 2 S (g) and (c) k / 2 (d) k 1
2
H 2(g)  Br2(g) ⇌ 2 HBr( g ) 53. For the reaction, PCl 3( g ) + Cl 2( g ) ⇌ PCl 5 ( g ) , the value

The equilibrium constants are K1 and K2 of K c at 250°C is 26. The value of K p at this
respectively, the reaction temperature will be
1 [UPSEAT 1999, 2000, 02]
Br2 (g)  H 2 S (g) ⇌ 2 HBr( g)  S 2(S ) would have
2 (a) 0.61 (b) 0.57
equilibrium constant [MP PMT 2001]
(c) 0.83 (d) 0.46
(a) K1  K 2 (b) K1 / K2
54. A tenfold increase in pressure on the reaction
(c) K2 / K1 (d) K 22 / K1 N 2(g) 3 H 2( g ) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g) at equilibrium, makes K p
47. Some solid NH 4 HS is placed in a flask containing [MP PET 2003]
0.5 atm of NH 3 , what would be pressures of NH 3 (a) Unchanged (b) Two times
and H 2 S when equilibrium is reached (c) Four times (d) Ten times
NH 4 HS (g) ⇌ NH 3(g)  H 2 S (g) , K p  0.11 [UPSEAT 2001] 55. If equilibrium constant for reaction
(a) 6.65 atm (b) 0.665 atm 2 AB ⇌ A2  B2 , is 49, then the equilibrium
(c) 0.0665 atm (d) 66.5 atm 1 1
constant for reaction AB ⇌ A 2  B 2 , will be
48. In which of the following reactions, increase in 2 2
the volume at constant temperature don’t affect [EAMCET 1998; MP PMT 2003]
the number of moles at equilibrium. (a) 7 [AIEEE 2002] (b) 20
(a) 2NH 3 ⇌ N 2  3H 2
(c) 49 (d) 21
1
(b) C(g )  O 2( g )  CO (g ) 56. In the manufacture of ammonia by Haber's
2 process,
(c) H 2(g) + O 2( g )  H 2 O 2(g )
N 2( g )  3H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3(g)  92 .3kJ ,
(d) None of these
which of the following conditions is unfavourable
49. A chemical reaction was carried out at 300 K and
[KCET 2004]
280 K. The rate constants were found to be K1 and
K2 respectively. The energy of activation is (a) Increasing the temperature
1.157  10 4 cal mole 1 and R  1.987 cal . Then (b) Increasing the pressure
[KCET 2002]
(a) K2  0.25 K1 (b) K 2  0.5 K1 (c) Reducing the temperature
(d) Removing ammonia as it is formed
(c) K2  4K1 (d) K2  2K1
57. The chemical equilibrium of a reversible reaction
50. n , the change in the number of moles for the
is not influenced by [KCET 2004]
reaction,
(a) Pressure
C12 H 22 O11 (s) 12 O 2(g) ⇌ 12 CO 2(g) 11 H 2 O(l)
(b) Catalyst
at 25°C is [Pb. PMT 2002]
(c) Concentration of the reactants
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) – 1 (d) Temperature
51. Value of K p in the reaction 58. Of the following which change will shift the
reaction towards the product
MgCO 3(s) ⇌ MgO(s)  CO 2( g ) is
I2 (g) ⇌ 2 I(g), H r0 (298 K )  150 kJ [AIIMS 2004]
[CBSE PMT 2000; RPMT 2002]
(a) K P  PCO 2 (a) Increase in concentration of l
(b) Decrease in concentration of I 2
Pco 2  PMgO
(b) K P  Pco 2  (c) Increase in temperature
PMgCO 3
(d) Increase in total pressure
Pco 2  PMgO
(c) K P  59. For the reaction, CO (g)  Cl 2(g) ⇌ COCl 2(g) the
PMgCO 3
K p / K c is equal to [AIEEE 2004]
PMgCO 3
(d) K P  (a) RT (b) RT
PCO 2  PMgO
(c) 1 / RT (d) 1.0
52. For N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 equilibrium constant is k
60. Consider the following reversible reaction at
then equilibrium constant for 2N2 + 6H2 ⇌ 4NH3 is equilibrium, 2 H 2 O( g ) ⇌ 2 H 2(g)  O2(g) ; H  241 .7 kJ
[RPMT 2002]
Which one of the following changes in conditions
2
(a) k (b) k will lead to maximum decomposition of H 2 O( g ) [Kerala PMT
 Chemical Equilibrium 321
(a) Increasing both temperature and pressure (c) 0.01 (d) 0.025
(b) Decreasing temperature and increasing 68. A(g)  3 B(g) ⇌ 4 C( g ) . Starting concentration of A is
pressure equal to B, equilibrium concentration of A and C
(c) Increasing temperature and decreasing are same. Kc 
pressure [Kerala CET 2005]
(d) Increasing temperature at constant pressure (a) 0.08 (b) 0.8
61. For reaction, 2 A(g) ⇌ 3 C(g)  D(s) , the value of (c) 8 (d) 80
K c will be equal to [Pb. CET 2003] (e) 1/8
(a) K p (RT ) (b) K p / RT 69. NH 4 COONH 2(s) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g)  CO 2(g) if equilibrium
(c)  K p (d) None of these pressure is 3 atm for the above reaction K p for
the reaction is [
62. In the reaction, A2 (g)  4 B2 (g) ⇌ 2 AB 4 (g)
(a) 4 (b) 27
H  0 the formation of AB 4 is will be favoured at (c) 4/27 (d) 1/27
[IIT Screening 1990; MP PET 2004]
(a) Low temperature, high pressure Activation energy, Standard free energy and
(b) High temperature, low pressure Degree of dissociation and Vapour density
(c) Low temperature, low pressure
(d) High temperature, high pressure
1. The vapour density of completely dissociated
63. The formation of SO 3 takes place according to the
NH 4 Cl would be [NCERT 1974]
following reaction, 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3 ;
(a) Slight less than half that of NH 4 Cl
H  45 .2 kcal
(b) Half that of NH 4 Cl
The formation of SO 3 is favoured by[UPSEAT 2004]
(a) Increasing in temperature (c) Double that of NH 4 Cl
(b) Removal of oxygen (d) Determined by the amount of solid NH 4 Cl in
(c) Increase of volume the experiment
(d) Increasing of pressure 2. In an equilibrium reaction for which G 0  0 , the
64. What is the effect of increasing pressure on the equilibrium constant K  [
dissociation of PCl 5 according to the equation (a) 0 (b) 1
PCl 5 ( g ) ⇌ PCl 3(g)  Cl 2(g)  x cal [UPSEAT 2004] (c) 2 (d) 10
(a) Dissociation decreases 3. For a system in equilibrium G  0 under
(b) Dissociation increases conditions of constant [KCET 1992, 2005]

(c) Dissociation does not change (a) Temperature and pressure

(d) None of these (b) Temperature and volume
65. If equilibrium constants of reaction, N 2  O2 ⇌ (c) Energy and volume
1 1 (d) Pressure and volume
2 NO is K1 and N 2  O 2 ⇌ NO is K 2 , then[BHU 2004]
2 2 4. A reaction attains equilibrium when the free
(a) K1  K 2 (b) K 2  K1 energy change accompanying it is [KCET 1989]
(a) Positive and large (b) Zero
1
(c) K1  2K2 (d) K1  K 2 (c) Negative and large (d) Negative and small
2
66. For the following reaction in gaseous phase 5. G (HI, g)  1 .7 kJ .
0
What is the equilibrium
1
CO  O 2  CO 2 ; K p / K c is [DCE 2002] constant at 25 C for 2 HI(g)  H 2 (g)  I2 (g) [KCET 1992]
o

2
(a) 24.0 (b) 3.9
(a) (RT )1 / 2 (b) (RT )1 / 2
(c) 2.0 (d) 0.5
(c) (RT ) (d) (RT )1 6. The standard state gibbs free energy change for
67. For the reaction N 2(g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO (g) , the value of the given isomerization reaction cis-2-pentene ⇌
o trans –2 -pentene is 3.67 kJ / mol at 400 K . If more
Kc at 800 C is 0.1. When the equilibrium
trans-2-pentene is added to the reaction vessel,
concentrations of both the reactants is 0.5 mol,
then
what is the value of K p at the same temperature [KCET 2005]
[CBSE PMT 1995; BHU 1999; AFMC 2000]
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.1
 322 Chemical Equilibrium
(a) More cis –2–pentene is formed (b) The speed of forward and backward reaction
(b) Equilibrium is shifted in the forward direction decreases
(c) Equilibrium remains unaffected (c) Only the speed of that reaction increases
(d) Additional trans–2–pentene is formed which nullifies the factor causing increase of
7. In a reversible reaction, the catalyst [KCET 2003] speed
(a) Increases the activation energy of the (d) No difference
backward reaction 4. Which of the following reactions proceed at low
(b) Increases the activation energy of the forward pressure
reaction [MP PET 1985; CPMT 1984; MP PMT 1995; RPMT 1997]
(c) Decreases the activation energy of both,
(a) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 (b) H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI
forward and backward reaction
(d) Decreases the activation energy of forward (c) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2 (d) N 2  O 2 ⇌ 2 NO
reaction
5. Le-chatelier principle is applicable
8. For the reaction H 2 (g)  I2 (g) ⇌ 2 HI(g) , the
(a) Both for physical and chemical equilibrium
equilibrium constant changes with
(b) Only for chemical equilibrium
[IIT 1981; MNR 1983, 85; NCERT 1984; MP PMT 1987, 97;
MP PET/PMT 1988; CPMT 1976, 90; UPSEAT 2000] (c) Only for physical equilibrium
(a) Total pressure (d) Neither for (b) nor for (c)
(b) Catalyst 6. In the following reversible reaction
(c) The amounts of H 2 and I 2 taken 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3  Q Cal
(d) Temperature Most suitable condition for the higher production
9. Calculate G for conversion of oxygen to ozone of SO 3 is
3 / 2 O2 (g)  O3 (g) at 298 K, if K p for this conversion [NCERT 1974; DPMT 1983, 89; IIT 1981; MP PET 1992;
29 MP PMT 1990, 91, 94, 99; CPMT 1973, 77, 84, 89, 94, 99]
is 2.47  10 [DPMT 2004]
1 (a) High temperature and high pressure
(a) 163 kJ mol (b) 2 .4  10 kJ mol 1
2

(b) High temperature and low pressure

(c) 1 .63 kJ mol 1 (d) 2 . 38  10 6 kJ mol 1 (c) Low temperature and high pressure

Le-Chaterlier principle and It’s application (d) Low temperature and low pressure
7. When the pressure is applied over system ice ⇌
1. When in any system at equilibrium state pressure, water what will happen ?
temperature and concentration is changed then [MP PMT 1990; CPMT 1983; NCERT 1978; DPMT 2002]
the equilibria shifted to such a direction which (a) More water will form
neutralize the effect of change. This is known as (b) More ice will form
[MP PMT/PET 1988; DPMT 1985] (c) There will be no effect over equilibrium
(a) First law of thermodynamics (d) Water will decompose in H 2 and O 2
(b) Le-chatelier's principle 8. The reaction A  B ⇌ C  D +heat has reached
(c) Ostwald's rule equilibrium. The reaction may be made to proceed
forward by
(d) Hess's law of constant heat summation
[IIT 1978]
2. N 2  O 2 ⇌ 2 NO  Q cals (a) Adding more C
In the above reaction which is the essential (b) Adding more D
condition for the higher production of NO [CPMT 1971, 89; MP(c) Decreasing
PMT 1985] the temperature
(a) High temperature (b) High pressure (d) Increasing the temperature
9. On the velocity in a reversible reaction, the
(c) Low temperature (d) Low pressure
correct explanation of the effect of catalyst is[MP PMT 198
3. A reversible reaction is in equilibrium. If a factor (a) It provides a new reaction path of low
is changed which affect it, then activation energy
(a) The speed of forward and backward reaction (b) It increases the kinetic energy of reacting
increases molecules
(c) It displaces the equilibrium state on right side
 Chemical Equilibrium 323
(d) It decreases the velocity of backward reaction (c) Increase in the concentration of one or more
10. Select the correct statement from the following products
[MP PMT 1985] (d) None of these
(a) Equilibrium constant changes with addition of 17. In the formation of SO 3 by contact process, the
catalyst conditions used are [CPMT 1984]
(b) Catalyst increases the rate of forward reaction (a) Catalyst, optimum temperature and higher
concentration of reactants
(c) The ratio of mixture at equilibrium is not
changed by catalyst (b) Catalyst, optimum temperature and lower
concentration of reactants
(d) Catalyst are active only in solution
(c) Catalyst, high temperature and higher
11. According to Le-chatelier principle, if heat is concentration of reactants
given to solid-liquid system, then [MNR 1990]
(d) Catalyst, low temperature and lower
(a) Quantity of solid will reduce concentration of reactants
(b) Quantity of liquid will reduce 18. Given reaction is 2 X (gas)  Y(gas) ⇌ 2 Z(gas)  80 kcal
(c) Increase in temperature
Which combination of pressure and temperature
(d) Decrease in temperature gives the highest yield of Z at equilibrium [
12. In the reaction A(g)  2 B(g) ⇌ C(g)  Q kJ , greater (a) 1000 atm and 500 C o

product will be obtained or the forward reaction

(b) 500 atm and 500 o C
is favoured by
[MNR 1988; MP PMT 1989, 97] (c) 1000 atm and 100 o C
(a) At high temperature and high pressure (d) 500 atm and 100 o C
(b) At high temperature and low pressure 19. Consider the reaction HCN (aq ) ⇌ H (aq)  CN (aq) . At
(c) At low temperature and high pressure 
equilibrium, the addition of CN (aq ) would[NCERT 1979]
(d) At low temperature and low pressure
(a) Reduce HCN (aq ) concentration
13. Following gaseous reaction is undergoing in a

vessel C 2 H 4  H 2 ⇌ C 2 H 6 ; H  32 .7 Kcal (b) Decrease the H (aq ) ion concentration

Which will increase the equilibrium concentration (c) Increase the equilibrium constant
of C 2 H 6 (d) Decrease the equilibrium constant
[IIT 1984; MP PET/PMT 1988; MADT Bihar 1995]
20. In the gaseous equilibrium H 2 X 2  heat ⇌ 2 HX ,
(a) Increase of temperature the formation of HX will be favoured by[CPMT 1977]
(b) By reducing temperature (a) High pressure and low temperature
(c) By removing some hydrogen (b) High temperature and low pressure
(d) By adding some C 2 H 6 (c) Low temperature and low pressure
14. The effect of increasing the pressure on the (d) High temperature and high pressure
equilibrium 2 A  3 B ⇌ 3 A  2 B is[EAMCET 1980; MP PMT
21. Raising the temperature of an equilibrium system
1991]
(a) Forward reaction is favoured [MP PMT 1987]
(b) Backward reaction is favoured (a) Favours the exothermic reaction only
(c) No effect (b) Favours the endothermic reaction only
(d) None of the above (c) Favours both the exothermic and endothermic
15. For the equilibrium 2 NO 2 (g) ⇌ N 2O4 (g) 14 .6 kcal reactions
the increase in temperature would [CPMT 1974, 78] (d) Favours neither the exothermic nor
(a) Favour the formation of N 2 O 4 endothermic reactions
22. Reaction in which yield of product will increase
(b) Favour the decomposition of N 2 O 4
with increase in pressure is [
(c) Not alter the equilibrium
(a) H 2( g )  I 2(g ) ⇌ 2 HI( g)
(d) Stop the reaction
16. Which of the following factors will favour the (b) H 2 O(g)  CO (g) ⇌ CO 2(g)  H 2(g)
reverse reaction in a chemical equilibrium [AIIMS 1982]
(c) H 2 O(g)  C(s) ⇌ CO (g)  H 2(g)
(a) Increase in the concentration of one of the
reactants (d) CO (g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ CH 4 (g)  H 2 O(g)
(b) Removal of at least one of the product at
regular time intervals
 324 Chemical Equilibrium
23. In reaction N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g) ; H  93 .6 kJ , 29. In which of the following equilibrium reactions,
the yield of ammonia does not increase when[CPMT 1988] the equilibrium would shift to the right, if total
pressure is increased [KCET 1993]
(a) Pressure is increased
(a) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 (b) H 2  I 2 ⇌ 2HI
(b) Temperature is lowered
(c) H 2  Cl 2 ⇌ 2HCl (d) N 2 O 4 ⇌ 2 NO
(c) Pressure is lowered
(d) Volume of the reaction vessel is decreased 30. In which of the following gaseous equilibrium an
increase in pressure will increase the yield of the
24. The equilibrium which remains uneffected by products
change in pressure of the reactants is
[EAMCET 1988]
[CPMT 1987; KCET 1991; EAMCET 1992;
(a) 2HI ⇌ H 2  I 2 (b) 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3
MP PET 1992, 95; MP PMT 1999]
(c) H 2  Br2 ⇌ 2 HBr (d) H 2 O  CO ⇌ H 2  CO 2
(a) N 2( g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO (g)
31. In the reaction A(g)  B(g) ⇌ C (g ) , the backward
(b) 2 SO 2(g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3( g )
reaction is favoured by [EAMCET 1986]
(c) 2O 3( g) ⇌ 3 O 2(g ) (a) Decrease of pressure (b) Increase of pressure
(c) Either of the two (d) None of the two
(d) 2 NO 2(g) ⇌ N 2 O 4 (g)
32. The formation of NO 2 in the reaction
25. The endothermic reaction (M  N  P ) is allowed
2 NO  O 2 ⇌ 2NO 2 + heat is favoured by
to attain an equilibrium at 25 o . Formation of P [Rookee Qualifying 1998]
can be increased by [BHU 1981]
(a) Low pressure (b) High pressure
(a) Raising temperature
(c) Low temperature (d) Reduction in the
(b) Lowering temperature mass of
(c) Keeping temperature constant 33. For the reaction PCl 5 (g) ⇌ PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g) , the
(d) Decreasing the concentration of M and N forward reaction at constant temperature is
26. According to Le-chatelier's principle, an increase favoured by
in the temperature of the following reaction will [IIT 1991; AMU 2001]
N 2  O 2 ⇌ 2 NO  43,200 kcal [MP PMT 1985, 93] (a) Introducing an inert gas at constant volume
(b) Introducing chlorine gas at constant volume
(a) Increase the yield of NO
(c) Introducing an inert gas at constant pressure
(b) Decrease the yield of NO
(d) Decreasing the volume of the container
(c) Not effect the yield of NO
34. Which of the following conditions is favourable
(d) Not help the reaction to proceed in forward
for the production of ammonia by Haber's process[MP PET
direction
(a) High concentration of reactants
27. In the manufacture of NH 3 by Haber's process,
(b) Low temperature and high pressure
the condition which would give maximum yield is
N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3  Q kcal (c) Continuous removal of ammonia
[NCERT 1978; EAMCET 1980; MNR 1987; AFMC 1999; (d) All of these
CPMT 1983, 84, 86, 94; MP PMT 1999] 35. According to Le-chatelier's principle, which of the
(a) High temperature, high pressure and high following factors influence a chemical system[MP PMT 199
concentrations of the reactants
(a) Concentration only
(b) High temperature, low pressure and low
concentrations of the reactants (b) Pressure only
(c) Low temperature and high pressure (c) Temperature only
(d) Low temperature, low pressure and low (d) Concentration, pressure and temperature
concentration of H 2 36. If pressure increases then its effect on given
28. Suppose the reaction PCl 5 (s) ⇌ PCl 3(s)  Cl 2(g) is in a equilibrium C(s)  H 2 O(g) ⇌ CO(g)  H 2 (g) it is
closed vessel at equilibrium stage. What is the satisfied in
effect on equilibrium concentration of Cl 2(g ) by [BCECE 2005]
adding PCl 5 at constant temperature[MP PMT 1992] (a) Forward direction (b) Backward direction
(a) Decreases (c) No effect (d) None of these
(b) Increases
37. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented
(c) Unaffected
by the equation
(d) Cannot be described without the value of K p
 Chemical Equilibrium 325
Cl 2(g)  3 F2(g) ⇌ 2ClF3(g) ; H  329 kJ (c) N 2 (g)  3 H 2 (g)  2 NH 3 (g)

Which of the following will increase the quantity (d) PCl 5 (g) ⇌ PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g)
of ClF3 in an equilibrium mixture of Cl 2 , F2 and 44. Which of the following information can be
ClF3 [AIEEE 2005] obtained on the basis of Le-chatelier's principle
[AIIMS 1998; Pb. PMT 1999; BHU 2000; DPMT 2004]
(a) Increasing the temperature
(a)Entropy change in a reaction
(b) Removing Cl 2
(b)Dissociation constant of a weak acid
(c) Increasing the volume of the container (c)Equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction
(d) Adding F2 (d)Shift in equilibrium position on changing
value of a constant
38. What would happen to a reversible reaction at
45. The equilibrium 2 SO 2(g )  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 SO 3( g ) shifts
equilibrium when an inert gas is added while the
pressure remains unchanged forward,
[MP if
PMT 1997]
[CPMT 1988]
(a) More of the product will be formed
(a) A catalyst is used
(b) Less of the product will be formed (b) An adsorbent is used to remove SO 3 as soon
(c) More of the reactants will be formed as it is formed
(d) It remains unaffected (c) Low pressure
39. Formation of SO 3 takes place according to the (d) Small amounts of reactants are used
reaction 2SO 2  O2  2SO 3 ; H  45 .2 kcal 46. The equilibrium SO 2 Cl 2(g) ⇌ SO 2(g)  Cl 2(g) is
attained at 25°C in a closed container and an inert
Which of the following factors favours the
gas helium is introduced which of the following
formation of SO 3
statement is correct
[MP PET/PMT 1998] [MP PMT 2000]
(a) Increase in temperature (a) More chlorine is formed
(b) Increase in pressure (b) Concentration of SO 2 is reduced

(c) Removal of oxygen (c) More SO 2 Cl 2 is formed

(d) Increase in volume (d) Concentration of SO 2 Cl 2 ,SO 2 and Cl 2 does not

change
40. For the chemical reaction 3 X (g)  Y (g) ⇌ X 3 Y (g) ,
47.
Which of the following equilibria will shift to
the amount of X 3 Y at equilibrium is affected by [IIT 1999] right side on increasing the temperature[MP PMT 2000]
(a) Temperature and pressure (a) CO(g)  H 2 O(g) ⇌ CO 2 (g)  H 2 (g)
(b) Temperature only (b) 2SO 2 (g)  O 2 (g) ⇌ 2 SO 3 (g)
(c) Pressure only 1
(c) H 2 O(g) ⇌ H 2 ( g )  (O 2 )( g )
(d) Temperature, pressure and catalyst 2
41. In N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 reversible reaction, increase (d) 4 HCl(g)  O 2 (g) ⇌ 2 H 2 O(g)  2Cl 2 (g)
in pressure will favour [DPMT 1996]
48. Sodium sulphate dissolves in water with evolution
(a) Reaction in forward direction of heat. Consider a saturated solution of sodium
(b) Reaction in reverse direction sulphate. If the temperature is raised, then
(c) Will not exert any effect according to Le-Chatelier principle
(d) In backward and forward direction equally (a) More solid will dissolve
42. In the reaction N 2  3 H 2  2 NH 3 , the product (b) Some solid will precipitate out from the
increases on solution
[Bihar MEE 1996]
(a) Increasing temperature (c) The solution will become supersaturated
(b) Increasing pressure (d) Solution concentration will remain unchanged
(c) Increasing temperature and pressure both 49. Consider the equilibrium
(d) Decreasing temperature and pressure both N 2 (g)  3 H 2 (g) ⇌ 2 NH 3 (g) ;  H = – 93.6 KJ. The
(e) None of these maximum yield of ammonia is obtained by
43. In which of the following system, doubling the [UPSEAT 1999; AMU 2000]
volume of the container cause a shift to the right[AIIMS 1996]
(a) Decrease of temp. and increase of pressure
(a) H 2 (g)  Cl 2 (g)  2 HCl(g) (b) Increase of temp. and decrease of pressure
(b) 2CO(g)  O2 (g)  2CO 2 (g) (c) Decrease of both the temp. and pressure
 326 Chemical Equilibrium
(d) Increase of both the temp. and pressure [Pb. PMT 2001]

50. In the equilibrium AB ⇌ A  B ; if the equilibrium (a) The reaction remains unaffected
concentration of A is doubled, the equilibrium (b) Forward reaction is favoured
concentration of B would become: [AMU 2000] (c) The reaction halts
(a) Twice (b) Half (d) Backward reaction is favoured
(c) 1/4th (d) 1/8th
58. Le-Chatelier principle is not applicable to[MH CET 2001]
51. Le-Chatelier’s principle is applicable only to a
(a) H 2(g)  I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI( g )
[MP PET/PMT 1988; KCET 1999; AFMC 2000;
Pb. CET 2002] (b) Fe (S )  S (S ) ⇌ FeS (S )
(a) System in equilibrium (b)Irreversible reaction
(c) N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g)
(c) Homogeneous reaction (d)Heterogeneous reaction
52. In a vessel containing and at (d) N 2(g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO (g)
SO 3 , SO 2 O2
equilibrium, some helium gas is introduced so 59. For the reaction: A + B + Q ⇌ C + D, if the
that the total pressure increases while temperature is increased, then concentration of
temperature and volume remain constant. the products will
According to Le–Chatelier principle the
[AFMC 2001]
dissociation of SO 3
(a) Increase (b) Decrease
[UPSEAT 2000]
(c) Remain same (d) Become Zero
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
60. H 2(g) + I2( g ) ⇌ 2 HI( g )
(c) Remains unaltered (d) Changes
unpredictably In this reaction when pressure increases, the
53. H 2(g)  I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI(g) H  q cal, then formation of reaction direction [RPMT 2002]

HI: (a) Does not change (b) Forward

[AMU 2000] (c) Backward (d) Decrease
(a) Is favoured by lowering the temperature 61. The rate of reaction of which of the following is
(b) Is favoured by increasing the pressure not affected by pressure [MP PMT 2002]

(c) Is unaffected by change in pressure (a) PCl 3  Cl 2 ⇌ PCl 5 (b) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3

(d) Is unaffected by change in temperature (c) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2NO (d) 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3
54. In which of the following equilibrium systems is
the rate of the backward reaction favoured by 62. In the equilibrium N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 + 22 kcal, the
increase of pressure formation of ammonia is favoured by[MP PET 2000, 02]
[KCET 2001] (a) Increasing the pressure
(a) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2 (b) 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3 (b) Increasing the temperature
(c) Decreasing the pressure
(c) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 (d) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2 NO
(d) Adding ammonia
55. Which of the following equilibrium is not shifted
by increase in the pressure 63.[MP
The
PMTreaction
2001] 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3 ; H = – ve is

(a) H 2 ( g )  I2 (g ) ⇌ 2 HI( g ) favoured by [CPMT 2002; Pb. PMT 2001]

(b) N 2(g)  3 H 2(g) ⇌ 2 NH 3 ( g )
(c) 2CO (g)  O 2 (g) ⇌ 2CO 2 (g )
(d) 2C(S )  O 2(g) ⇌ 2CO ( g )
56. According to Le–Chatelier’s principal adding heat
to a solid and liquid in equilibrium with
endothermic nature will cause the [JIPMER 2000; MP PET 2001]
(a) Temperature to rise
(b) Temperature to fall
(c) Amount of solid to decrease
(d) Amount of liquid to decrease
57. On addition of an inert gas at constant volume to
the reaction N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 at equilibrium
(a) Low temperature, low pressure
(b) Low temperature, high pressure
(c) High temperature, high pressure
(d) High temperature, low pressure
64. Which of the following will favour the reverse
reaction in a chemical equilibrium[Kerala (Med.) 2002]
(a) Increasing the concentration of the reactants
(b) Removal of at least one of the products at
regular intervals
(c) Increasing the concentration of one or more of
the products
(d) Increasing the pressure
(e) None of these
 Chemical Equilibrium 327
65. Under what conditions of temperature and of Le-Chatelier’s principle, the condition
pressure the formation of atomic hydrogen from favourable for the forward reaction is
molecular hydrogen will be favoured most[UPSEAT 2000, 01, (a)
02] Lowering of temperature as well as pressure
(a) High temperature and high pressure (b) Increasing temperature as well as pressure
(b) Low temperature and low pressure (c) Lowering the temperature and increasing the
(c) High temperature and low pressure pressure
(d) Any value of temperature and pressure
(d) Low temperature and high pressure
66. The formation of nitric oxide by contact process
N 2  O2 ⇌ 2NO.  H = 43.200 kcal is favoured by[AMU 2002]
(a) Low temperature and low pressure
(b) Low temperature and high pressure
(c) High temperature and high pressure
(d) High temperature and excess reactants 1. If dissociation for reaction, PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2
concentration
67. The chemical reaction: BaO 2(S ) ⇌ BaO (s) O 2(g) ’  H Is 20% at 1 atm. pressure. Calculate K c

= + ve. In equilibrium condition, pressure of O2 [Kerala (Med.) 2003]

depends upon (a) 0.04 (b) 0.05
[CBSE PMT 2002]
(c) 0.07 (d) 0.06
(a) Increase mass of BaO
(b) Increase mass of BaO2 2. Ammonia under a pressure of 15 atm at 27°C is
heated to 347°C in a closed vessel in the presence
(c) Increase in temperature
of a catalyst. Under the conditions, NH 3 is
(d) Increase mass of BaO2 and BaO both
68. The yield of product in the reaction partially decomposed according to the equation,
A 2( g ) + 2 B g  ⇌ C(g ) + Q.kJ. would be high at 2NH 3 ⇌ N 2  3H 2 .The vessel is such that the
[UPSEAT 2002] volume remains effectively constant where as
pressure increases to 50 atm. Calculate the
(a) High temperature and high pressure
percentage of NH 3 actually decomposed. [IIT 1981; MNR 19
(b) High temperature and low pressure
(c) Low temperature and high pressure (a) 65% (b) 61.3%
(d) Low temperature and low pressure (c) 62.5% (d) 64%
69. Which reaction is not effected by change in
pressure 3. Kp for the following reaction at 700 K is 1 .3  10 3
[UPSEAT 2003]
atm-1. The Kc at same temperature for the reaction
2SO 2  O2  2SO 3 will be [AIIMS 2001]
(a) H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI (b) 2C  O2 ⇌ 2CO
(c) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 (d) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2 (a) 1 . 1  10 2 (b) 3 . 1  10 2

70. The gaseous reaction A + B ⇌ 2C + D; + Q is most (c) 5 . 2  10 2 (d) 7 . 4  10 2

favoured at [Karnataka CET 2003]
(a) Low temperature and high pressure 4. For the reaction 2 NO 2 (g) ⇌ 2 NO(g)  O 2 (g)
(b) High temperature and high pressure K c  1 .8  10 6 at 185°C. At 185°C, the value of K c
(c) High temperature and low pressure
1
(d) Low temperature and low pressure for the reaction NO g   O 2 ⇌ NO 2  g  is[UPSEAT 2000]
2 g 
71. For a reaction if K p  K c , the forward reaction is
favoured by [RPET 2003] (a) 0 .9  10 6 (b) 7.5  10 2
(a) Low pressure (b) High pressure (c) 1 . 95  10 3 (d) 1 . 95  10 3
(c) High temperature (d) Low temperature
5. 2SO 3 ⇌ 2SO 2  O2 . If K c  100 ,   1 , half of the
72. A2(g)  B2(g) ⇌ 2 AB ( g ) ; H  ve [BHU 2003]
reaction is completed, the concentration of SO 3
(a) Unaffected by pressure and SO 2 are equal, the concentration of O 2 is [CPMT 1996
(b) It occurs at 1000 pressure
(c) It occurs at high temperature 1
(a) 0.001 M (b) SO 2
(d) It occurs at high pressure and high 2
temperature (c) 2 times of SO 2 (d) Data incomplete
73. Consider the reaction equilibrium,
2 SO 2( g ) + O 2( g ) ⇌ 2 SO 3( g ) ; H  = –198kJ. On the basis
 328 Chemical Equilibrium
6. At 700 K, the equilibrium constant K p for the 11. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant
3 (Kp) for the decomposition reaction N 2 O4 ⇌ 2NO 2
reaction 2 SO 3( g ) ⇌ 2 SO 2(g)  O 2(g) is 1 . 80  10 and
-1 –1
kPa is 14, (R = 8.314 Jk mol ). The numerical (4 x 2 P)
is expressed by K P  ,
value in moles per litre of K c for this reaction at (1  x 2 )
the same temperature will be where P  pressure, x  extent of decomposition.
[AFMC 2001] Which one of the following statements is true
(a) 3 . 09  10 7 mol-litre (b) 5 . 07  10 8 mol-litre [IIT Screening 2001]
(a) Kp increases with increase of P
(c) 8 . 18  10 9 mol-litre (d) 9 . 24  10 10 mol-litre
(b) Kp increases with increase of x
7. 0.1 mole of N 2 O 4 (g ) was sealed in a tube under one
(c) Kp increases with decrease of x
atmospheric conditions at 25°C. Calculate the
number of moles of NO 2( g ) present, if the (d) Kp remains constant with change in P and x

equilibrium N 2 O 4 (g ) ⇌ 2 NO 2(g) (K p  0 .14 ) is reached

after some time
[UPSEAT 2001]

(a) 1 . 8  10 2
(b) 2 .8  10 2

(c) 0.034 (d) 2 .8  10 2

8. The partial pressures of CH 3 OH, CO and H 2 in the Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the
equilibrium mixture for the reaction correct option out of the options given below :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the
CO  2H 2 ⇌ CH 3 OH reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
at 427°C are 2.0, 1.0 and 0.1 atm respectively. The (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
value of K P for the decomposition of CH 3 OH to not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
CO and H 2 is
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
[Roorkee 1999] (e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
(a) 1  10 2 atm (b) 2  10 2 atm 1 1. Assertion : The equilibrium constant is fixed
(c) 50 atm 2
(d) 5  10 atm 3 2 and is the characteristic of any
given chemical reaction at a
9. One mole of a compound AB reacts with one mole specified temperature.
of a compound CD according to the equation Reason : The composition of the final
equilibrium mixture at a particular
AB + CD ⇌ AD + CB.
temperature depends upon the
When equilibrium had been established it was starting amount of reactants.[AIIMS 2000]
3 2. Assertion : K p  K c for all reaction.
found that mole each of reactant AB and CD had
4
Reason : At constant temperature, the
been converted to AD and CB. There is no change
pressure of the gas is proportional
in volume. The equilibrium constant for the
to its concentration.
reaction is [Kerala (Med.) 2003]
3. Assertion : The equilibrium constant for the
9 1 reaction
(a) (b)
16 9 CaSO 4 .5 H 2 O(s) ⇌ CaSO 4 .3 H 2 O(s)  2 H 2 O(g)
16 [CaSO 4 .3 H 2 O][H 2 O]2
(c) (d) 9 is KC 
9 [CaSO 4 .5 H 2 O]

10. For the reaction CO(g)  H 2 O(g) ⇌ CO 2 (g)  H 2 (g) at Reason : Equilibrium constant is the ratio of
the product of molar concentration
a given temperature, the equilibrium amount of
of the substances produced to the
CO 2 (g) can be increased by [IIT 1998]
product of the molar concentrations
(a) Adding a suitable catalyst of reactants with each
concentrations term raised to the
(b) Adding an inert gas
power equal to the respective
(c) Decreasing the volume of the container stoichiometric constant.
(d) Increasing the amount CO (g) 4. Assertion : On cooling a freezing mixture,
colour of the mixture turns to pink
 Chemical Equilibrium 329
from deep blue for a reaction. 2 NH 3 (g) ⇌ N 2 (g) 3 H 2 (g) , the unit
Co (H 2O)62 (aq)  4 Cl (aq) ⇌ of K p will be atm.
CoCl 42 (aq)  6 H 2O(l) . Reason : Unit of K p is (atm )n .
Reason : Reaction is endothermic so on
13. Assertion : Effect of temperature of
cooling, the reaction moves to
Kc or K p depends on enthalpy
backward direction.
5. Assertion : If Qc (reaction change.
quotient)  KC (equilibrium Reason : Increase in temperature shifts the
equilibrium in exothermic direction
constant) reaction moves in
and decrease in temperature shifts
direction of reactants.
the equilibrium position in
Reason : Reaction quotient is defined in the
endothermic direction.
same way as equilibrium constant
at any stage of he reaction. 14. Assertion : For a gaseous reaction,
6. Assertion : NaCl solution can be purified by xA  yB ⇌ lC  mD, K p  KC .
passage of hydrogen chloride
Reason : Concentration of gaseous reactant
through brine.
is taken to be unity.
Reason : This type of purification is based on
Le-Chaterlier's principle. 15. Assertion : Ice ⇌water, if pressure is applied
7. Assertion : According to Le-Chatelier's principle water will evaporate.
addition of heat to an equilibrium Reason : Increase of pressure pushes the
solid ⇌ liquid results in decrease in equilibrium towards the side in
the amount of solid. which number of gaseous mole
decreases.
Reason : Reaction is endothermic, so on
1
heating forward reaction is 16. Assertion : SO 2 (g)  O2 (g) ⇌ SO 3 (g)  heat.
favoured. 2
8. Assertion : Equilibrium constant has meaning Forward reaction is favoured at
only when the corresponding high temperature and low pressure.
balanced chemical equation is Reason : Reaction is exothermic.
given. 17. Assertion : For a reaction H 2 (g)  I2 (g) ⇌ 2 HI(g)
Reason : Its value changes for the new if the volume of vessel is reduced to
equation obtained by multiplying or half of its original volume,
dividing the original equation by a equilibrium constant will be
number. doubled.
9. Assertion : Equilibrium constant for the Reason : According to Le-Chatelier principle,
reverse reaction is the inverse of reaction shifts in a direction that
the equilibrium constant for the tends to undo the effect of the
reaction in the forward direction. stress.
Reason : Equilibrium constant depends upon
the way in which the reaction is
written.
10. Assertion : The value of K gives us a relative
idea about the extent to which a
reaction proceeds.
Reason : The value of K is independent of the
stochiometry of reactants and Reversible and Irreversible reaction
products at the point of
equilibrium. 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 b 5 a
11. Assertion : Catalyst affects the final state of
6 d 7 b
the equilibrium.
Reason : It enables the system to attain a
new equilibrium state by
Equilibrium state
complexing with the reagents.
12. Assertion : For the reaction, 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 b
6 d 7 c 8 b 9 cd 10 cd
 330 Chemical Equilibrium
Law of mass action Le-Chaterlier principle and It’s application

1 b 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 a 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 a

6 d 7 d 8 a 9 c 10 a 6 c 7 a 8 c 9 a 10 c
11 a 12 c 13 b 14 c 15 b
Law of equilibrium and Equilibrium constant 16 c 17 a 18 c 19 b 20 b
21 b 22 d 23 c 24 a 25 a
1 d 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 a
26 a 27 c 28 b 29 a 30 b
6 d 7 c 8 a 9 a 10 d
31 a 32 b,c 33 c 34 d 35 d
11 b 12 c 13 a 14 d 15 d
36 b 37 d 38 d 39 b 40 a
16 c 17 a 18 b 19 b 20 c
41 a 42 b 43 d 44 d 45 b
21 a 22 b 23 d 24 d 25 b
46 d 47 c 48 b 49 a 50 b
26 a 27 c 28 b 29 c 30 a
51 a 52 b 53 c 54 a 55 a
31 b 32 d 33 c 34 b 35 a
56 c 57 a 58 b 59 a 60 a
36 a 37 c 38 a 39 d 40 a
61 c 62 a 63 b 64 c 65 c
41 d 42 d 43 b 44 c 45 d
66 d 67 a 68 c 69 a 70 d
46 a 47 c 48 b 49 a 50 b
71 a 72 a 73 c
51 b 52 b 53 c 54 d 55 b
56 c 57 c 58 c 59 a 60 c Critical Thinking Questions
61 d 62 d 63 b 64 b 65 d
1 b 2 b 3 d 4 b 5 d
66 d 67 d 68 a 69 c 70 d
6 a 7 c 8 d 9 d 10 d
71 abcd 72 a 73 d 74 b
11 d
Kp & Kc Relationship and Characteristics of K
Assertion & Reason
1 a 2 d 3 a 4 b 5 d
1 c 2 e 3 e 4 a 5 e
6 d 7 c 8 d 9 a 10 b
6 c 7 b 8 a 9 a 10 c
11 c 12 c 13 c 14 c 15 d
11 d 12 e 13 c 14 d 15 e
16 c 17 c 18 c 19 d 20 c
16 e 17 e
21 c 22 c 23 a 24 d 25 d
26 b 27 b 28 c 29 c 30 b
31 d 32 d 33 d 34 a 35 b
36 d 37 d 38 d 39 b 40 b
41 d 42 b 43 b 44 d 45 c
46 c 47 b 48 d 49 a 50 a
51 a 52 b 53 a 54 a 55 a
56 a 57 b 58 c 59 c 60 c
61 b 62 a 63 d 64 a 65 b
66 b 67 b 68 c 69 b

Activation energy, Standard free energy and

Degree of dissociation and Vapour density

1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 d
6 a 7 c 8 d 9 a
 Chemical Equilibrium 329
1. (d) Equilibrium constant for the reaction , 3A +
2B ⇌ C is
[C]
K  .
[ A]3 [B]2
2. (d) Suppose 1 mole of A and B each taken then 0.8
mole/litre of C and D each formed remaining
Reversible and Irreversible reaction concentration of A and B will be (1 – 0.8) = 0.2
mole/litre each.
1. (b) Reversible reaction always attains equilibrium [C] [D] 0 .8  0 .8
Kc    16 .0
which proceeds both sides and never go for [ A] [B] 0 .2  0 .2
completion.
3. (c) AB ⇌ C  D
2. (c) In a reversible reaction some amount of the
reactants remains unconverted into products. Initial conc. 4, 4 0 0
3. (d) In lime klin CO 2 escaping regularly so After T time conc. (4-2) (4-2) 2 2
reaction proceeds in forward direction. [C] [D] 2  2
Equilibrium constant =  1
7. (b) The reaction is not reversible. [ A] [ B] 2  2
4. (a) H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI; [HI] = 0.80, [H 2 ]  0.10 ,
Equilibrium state
[I2 ]  0.10

1. (c) When rate of forward reaction is equal to the [HI] 2 0.80  0.80
Kc    64
rate of backward reaction then equilibrium is [H 2 ] [I 2 ] 0.10  0.10
supposed to be established.
5. (a) Those reaction which have more value of K
2. (b) Equilibrium can be achieved only in closed
proceeds towards completion.
vessel.
6. (d) K c is a characteristic constant for the given
4. (c) When rate of forward reaction is equal to rate of
backward reaction the reaction is said to be in reaction.
equilibrium. 7. (c) Equilibrium constant is independent of
6. (d) At equilibrium rate of forward reaction is original concentration of reactant.
equal to the rate of backward reaction. 8. (a) K p is constant and does not change with
7. (c) According to Le-chatelier principle when
pressure.
concentration of reactant increases, the
equilibrium shift in favour of forward 9. (a) For reaction A + 2B ⇌ C
reaction. [C] 0 .216
K   250 .
8. (b) At equilibrium, the rate of forward & [ A] [B]2 0 .06  0 .12  0 .12
backward reaction become equal.
11. (b) A + 2B ⇌C + 3D
Law of mass action
[ pC ] [ pD]3 0.30  0.50  0.50  0.50
K   18 .75
1. (b) According to law of mass-action, “at a given [ pA ] [ pB ]2 0.20  0.10  0.10
temperature, the rate of a reaction at a 13. (a) PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2
particular instant is proportional to the 2 0 0
product of the active masses of the reactants at 2  60 2  40 2  40
that instant raised to powers which are
100 100 100
numerically equal to the numbers of their
respective molecules in the stoichiometric Volume of container = 2 litre.
equation describing the reaction”. 2  40 2  40

64 gm Kc  100  2 100  2  0 . 266 .
3. (d) [HI]   0.25 2  60
128  2 litre
100  2
Active mass is the concentration in
moles/litre. 14. (d) n = 1 for this change
8. (a) As we increase the concentration of So the equilibrium constant depends on the
substance, then speed of the reaction unit of concentration.
increases. 15. (d) Unit of K p  (atm )n
9. (c) Chemical reaction quantitatively depend on
the reactant and product molecule. Unit of K c  (mole / litre)n
 [mole / litre]0  0
Law of equilibrium and Equilibrium constant
 330 Chemical Equilibrium
2 6
 10 3  No. of moles of H 2   3 mole
2   2
[ NO 2 ]2  2  10  6
16. (c) K     10  5 . 27 .54
[ N 2 O4 ]  .2  10 1 No. of moles of NH 3   1 .62 mole
2 17
 
[ NH 3 ]2 [1.62]2
19. (b) For A + B ⇌ C + D Kc  3
 =75
[ N 2 ] [H 2 ] [0.19 ] [0.57 ]3
[C] [D] 0 .4  1
K  1.
[ A] [B] 0.5  0 .8 31. (b) K c 
[YX 2 ]

2

1
 0.0625 .
[ X ]2 [Y ] 4  4  2 16
20. (c) A+ B ⇌C+ D
32. (d) NH 4 HS ⇌ NH 3 ( g )  H 2 S (g )
Initial 1 1 0 0
a 0 .5 atm
remaining at equilibrium 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 a x 0 . 5 x x
[C] [D] 0 .6  0 .6 36 Total pressure  0.5  2 x  0.84
K    2 .25 .
[ A] [B] 0 .4  0 .4 16 i.e., x  0.17
[ NH 3 ] 2 K p  PNH 3 .PH 2S  (0.67).(0.17) =0.1139
21. (a) K 
[ N 2 ] [H 2 ]3
33. (c) A + 2B ⇌ 2C
23. (d) A + B ⇌ C + D Initial conc. 2 3 2
x x 0 0 at eqm. 2.5 4 1
2 .5 4 1
2x 2x Molar  1 .25 2  0 .5
2 2 2
[C][D] 2 x . 2 x
Kc   4 [0 .5 ]2
[ A][B] x.x K  0 .05
[1 .25 ]  [2]2
24. (d) N 2 O 4 ⇌ 2 NO 2
1 0 34. (b) CO  Cl 2 ⇌ COCl 2
(1  ) 2
0 .1 0 .1 0.2
total mole at equilibrium  (1   )  2  1   [CO ]  , [Cl 2 ]  , [COCl 2 ] 
0 .5 0 .5 0.5
[C 2 H 6 ] [mole / litre] 0 .2
25. (b) K  
[C 2 H 4 ] [H 2 ] [mole / litre] [mole / litre] [COCl 2 ] 0 .5 2
 0   25  10
[CO ] [Cl 2 ] 0 . 1 0 . 1 5
= litre/mole. or litre mole–1. 
0 .5 0 .5
0 .2 0 .2
 35. (a) A+ B ⇌ C+ D
[PCl 3 ] [Cl 2 ] 10 10
27. (c) K c    0 . 04 .
[PCl 5 ] 0 .1 10  at equilibrium a a 2a 2a
2a  2a
K 4
[HI]2 x2 aa
28. (b) K c  ; 64 
[H 2 ] [I2 ] 0 .03  0 .03 36. (a) H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI
x  64  9  10
2 4 Initial conc. 4.5 4.5 0
x x 2x
x  8  3  10 2  0 .24 from question 2x = 3
x is the amount of HI at equilibrium amount of 3
I 2 at equilibrium will be x   1.5
2
0.30  0.24  0.06 So conc. at eqm. 4.5  1.5 of H 2
Kf  4.5  1.5 of I 2 and 3 of HI
29. (c) K c 
Kb [HI]2 33
K  1.
[I2 ] [H 2 ] 3  3
K f  Kc  Kb  1.5  7.5  10 4  1 .125  10 3
[H 2 ]2 [S 2 ] [0.10 ]2 [0.4 ]
30. (a) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 37. (c) K    0.016
[H 2 S ]2 [0.5]2
Initial conc. 1 3 0
[PCO ]2 [PO2 ] [0.4 ]2  [0.2]
at equilibrium 1-0.81 3-2.43 1.62 38. (a) K p  2
  0.0888 .
[PCO 2 ] [0.6]2
0.19 0.57
39. (d) K f  1.1  10 2 ; K b  1 .5  10 3
28
No. of moles of N 2   1 mole
28 Kf 1.1  10 2
Kc    7.33 .
Kb 1.5  10  3
 Chemical Equilibrium 331
40. (a) 2HI ⇌ H 2  I2 [PCl 3 ] [Cl 2 ] 0 .2  x
100 0 0
56. (c) K c    0.5 , x  1
50 25 25 [PCl 5 ] 0 .4
[H 2 ] [I2 ] 25  25 57. (c) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3
  0.25 .
[HI]2 50  50 30 30 0
41. (d) A  B  2C 30-x 30-3x 2x
(3  0 .75 ) (1  0 .75 ) 1 .5
10
[C] 2
(1.5)2 2.25 2x = 10 ; x = 5
K    4 .0 . 2
[ A] [B] 2.25  0.25 2.25  0.25
N 2  30  5  25 litre
K2 H 2  30  3  5  15 litre
42. (d) 6 HCHO C6 H12 O6 forward reaction
NH 3  2  5  10 litre
K1
C6 H12 O6 6 HCHO backward reaction 58. (c)
[ NO 2 ]2 [1 . 2  10 2 ]2
 1 
16
 1 
16 K   0 . 3  10 2  3  10 3
K2    ; K2   [ N 2 O4 ] [4 . 8  10  2 ]
22 
 K1   6  10 
22
59. (a)  3 . 2  0 . 704
K 2  1 .6  10 4 M 100
[HI] 2 [0.7] 2  at equil. moles of HI =3.2–0.704 = 2.496
43. (b) K c    49 60. (c) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 ….. (i)
[H 2 ] [I 2 ] [0.1] [0.1]
at t  0 56 gm 8 gm 0 gm
[ NH 3 ]2
44. (c) K c  = 2mole 4mole 0mole
[ N 2 ] [H 2 ]3
at equilibrium 2  1 4  3 34 gm
x2 = 1 mole = 1 mole = 2 mole
2.37  10  3   x 2  0.12798
[2] [3]3 According to eq. (i) 2 mole of ammonia are
x = 0.358 M. present & to produce 2 mole of NH 3 , we need
45. (d) A  B ⇌ 2 C 1 mole of N 2 and 3 mole of H 2 hence 2  1  1
mole of N 2 and 4  3  1 mole of H 2 are
[C]2 [0.6]2
Kc   9 present at equilibrium in vessel.
[ A] [B] [0.2] [0.2]
61. (d) 2SO 2 (g)  O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO 3 (g)
46. (a) H 2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI
For 1dm 3 R  k [SO 2 ]2 [O 2 ]
15 5.2 0
2
(15–5) (5.2–5) 10  1  1 
R  K     1
[HI] 2
10  10  T  1 
KC    50
[H 2 ][I2 ] 10  0.2 2
1  1  1
47. (c) Rate of backward reaction = Rate of forward For 2dm 3 R  K     
2 2 8
reaction
So, the ratio is 8 : 1
[HI]2 (28 )2
48. (b) K c    32 .66 1 1
[H 2 ] [I2 ] 8  3 
[C][D] 3 3 1
62. (d) K     0 .25
49. (a) N 2(g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO (g) ; n  2  2  0 [ A][B] 2 2 4

50. (b) The rate of forward reaction is two times that 3 3
of reverse reaction at a given temperature and So, K  0.25

identical concentration Kequilibriu m is 2 because 63. (b) Given, CaCO 3 (s)  CaO (s)  CO 2 (g) 

the reaction is reversible. So K 

K1 2
 2. C(s)  CO 2 (g) ⇌ 2 CO (g)
K2 1
[ pCO ]2
Kf 10 5 Kf Kp 2  ; pCO  [Kp 1  Kp 2 ]
52. (b) K c  Kb    10 3 [ pCO 2 ]
Kb K c 100
pCO  [8  10 2  2]  16  10 2  4  10 1  0 .4
[ NO 2 ]2 4  (0 .05 )2
53. (c) K c    4  0 .05  0 .2
[ N 2 O4 ] 0 .05 64. (b) N 2 (g)  O2 (g) ⇌ 2 NO (g)

[ N 2 ][H 2 ]3 1  3 3 [ NO ]2
54. (d) 2 NH 3 ⇌ N 2  3H 2 ; K   27 Kc   4  10 4
initial
at. equil.
2 0 0 [ NH 3 ]2 1 [ N 2 ][O 2 ]
1 1 3
 332 Chemical Equilibrium

NO 2 ⇌
1 1
N 2 (g )  O 2 (g )
pCO . p H 2 O x.x x2
Kp   
2 2 p H 2 . pCO 2 (1  x )(1  x ) (1  x )2
1/2 1/2
[ N 2 ] [O2 ] 1 1
Kc   
[ NO ] Kc 4  10  4 Kp & Kc Relationship and Characteristics of K
1 100
 2
  50 1. (a) n p  nr then K p  K c
2  10 2
65. (d) P4 (s)  5O2 (g) ⇌ P4 O10 (s) where n p = no. of moles of product

[P4 O10 (s)] nr = no. of moles of reactant.

Kc  5
[P4 (s)][O 2 (g)] [ NO 2 ] [ NO ]2 [O 2 ]
2. (d) K 1  ; K2 
We know that concentration
solid of a [ NO ][O 2 ]1 / 2 [ NO 2 ]2
1
component is always taken as unity K c  [ NO 2 ] 2 1 [ NO 2 ] 1
[O 2 ]5    
[ NO ] 2 [O 2 ] K2 [ NO ] [O 2 ]1 / 2 K2
66. (d) H2  I2 ⇌ 2HI
0.4 0.4 0 .50 1 1
0 .4 0 .25  0 .15 0.4 0.25  0.15 / 2 0 .50 / 2  K1  ; K2  .
K2 K 12
2
 0 .5  3. (a) K p  Kc (RT )n  26 (0 .0821  523 ) 1  0 .61 .
2  2  0 .5  0 .5
Kc 
[HI]
     11 .11
[H 2 ][I 2 ]  0 . 15   0 . 15  0 .15  0 .15 n g  1  2  1
 2  2 
   5. (d) In presence of little H 2 SO 4 (as catalyst) about
67. (d) NH 2 COONH 4 ⇌ 2 NH 3  CO 2 2/3 mole of each of CH 3 COOH and C2 H 5 OH
Dd react to form 2/3 mole of the product at
 where D is the density (initial) equilibrium.
(n  1) d
6. (d) K1 for reaction 2HI ⇌ H 2  I2 is 0.25 K 2 for
mol . wt 78
D   39 reaction H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI will be
2 2
n  no. of product = 3 d  final density K2 
1

1
4
39  13 K1 0 .25
  1 , so   1
(3  1)13 Because IInd reaction is reverse of Ist.
a b 0 9. (a) For the reaction,
68. (a) N 2  3 H 2 ⇌ 2 NH 3
(a  x ) (b 3 x ) (2 x ) CaCO3(g) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
50% Dissociation of N 2 take place so, Kp = PCO 2 and KC = [CO2]
2  50 ( [CaCO3] = 1 and [CaO] = 1 for solids]
At equilibrium  1 ; value of x  1
100 According to Arrhenius equation we have
[2]2 4 4 K  Ae  H r / RT
Kc  3
 so, K c 
[1][3] 27 27 Taking logarithm, we have
69. (c) The equilibrium constant does not change H ro
when concentration of reactant is changed as log K p  log A 
RT (2 . 303 )
the concentration of product also get changed
accordingly. This is an equation of straight line. When log
Kp is plotted against 1 / T. we get a straight
70. (d) We know that PV  nRT
line.
1
P become P & V bcome 2V so,
2
( log K p  log pCO 2 )
1 log pCO 2
P  2 V  PV  nRT
2
So there is no effect in equation.
71. (abcd)All options are true for that equilibrium. 1/
T
72. (a) H 2(g)  CO 2(g) ⇌ CO(g)  H 2O(l) The intercept of this line = log A, slope = –∆H°r /
2.303 R
Initial conc. 1 1 0 0
At equili (1– (1 – x) x x
x)
 Chemical Equilibrium 333
Knowing the value of slope from the plot and = 1.72  10–4
universal gas constant R, ∆Hr° can be 1
calculated. 27. (b) K   K n ; Hence n 
2
(Equation of straight line : Y = mx + C. Here,
 K  K1 / 2  K
H ro 1
log K p      log A 29. (c) 2NO 2 ⇌ 2 NO  O2 ……(i)
2.303 R  T 
12
K  1 . 6  10
Y m x C
1
10. (b) K p  Kc (RT )n ; When n  2  (2  1)  1 , i.e. NO  O 2 ⇌ NO 2 ……(ii)
2
negative, K p  K c . Reaction (ii) is half of reaction (i)
[SO 3 ] 2
[SO 2 ] [O 2 ] 1 [ NO ]2 [O 2 ]
11. (c) K1  and K 2  ; K2  2 . K ……(i)
[SO 2 ] [O 2 ]12
[SO 3 ] 2
K1 [ NO 2 ]2

13. (c) Reaction is reversed. Hence [ NO 2 ]

K'  ……(ii)
1 [ NO ] [O 2 ]1 2
K  4 .2  10 2
(2 .4  10  3 ) On multiplying (i) and (ii)
[ NO ]2 [O2 ] [ NO 2 ] [ NO ] [O 2 ]1 2 1
[Pco ]2 44 K  K'     '
14. (c) K p   8. [ NO 2 ]2
[ NO ] [O2 ]12
[ NO 2 ] K
[PCO ] 2
2
1 1 1
15. (d) K c1 for H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI is 50 K  K'  ; K ; K'  .
K' K '2 K
K c2 for 2HI ⇌ H 2  I2
30. (b) K p  Kc (RT )n ; n  1
1 1
K c2    0 .02 So K c will be less than K p .
K c1 50
32. (d) K 1 for N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3
16. (c) K p  Kc (RT )n
1 3
K 2 for NH 3 ⇌ N2  H2
n  1 for reaction 2SO 2  O2 ⇌ 2SO 3 2 2
So for this reaction K p is less than K c . [ NH 3 ]2 [ N ]1 2 [H 2 ]3 2
K1  K 2  3
 2
[ N 2 ] [H 2 ] [ NH 3 ]
17. (c) K p  Kc (RT )n ; n  2  2  0
1 1
18. (c) For the reaction H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI K1  K 2  ; K2 
K2 K1
n  0
So K p  K c 50.0 34. (a) K p  Kc (RT )n ; n  2  4  2

19. (d) For reaction 2SO 3 ⇌ O2  2SO 2 K p  6  10 2  (0.0812  773 )2

n is + ve so K p is more than K c . 6  10 2
Kp   1.5  10  5 .
By K p  Kc (RT )n (0.0812  773 )2
K 2 H [T2  T1 ]
20. (c) n =2-1=1 35. (b) 2.303 log 
K1 R T1  T2
K p  Kc (RT )
H  +ve for the reaction
21. (c) For this reaction there is no change in
equilibrium constant by change of volume. 36. (d) N 2  3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3
4 2
22. (c) If n =0 then K p  K c
n = 2 – 4 = – 2
23. (a) k p  k c (RT )n K p  Kc [RT ]n ; K p  Kc [RT ]2
n  3  2  1 ; k p  k c . Kp 1 . 44  10 5
Kc  
24. (d) Equilibrium constant depends upon [RT ] 2 [0 . 082  773 ] 2
temperature. 37. (d) Catalyst does not affect equilibrium constant.
25. (d) 2NOCl(g) = 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 38. (d) K for dissociation of HI =?
Kp = KC (RT)∆n
H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI
Kp = 3  10–6 (0.0821  700) = 172.41  10–6
 334 Chemical Equilibrium
1 55. (a) 2 AB ⇌ A2  B2
Ka  50 , K b   0 .02
50 [ A 2 ] [B 2 ]
39. (b) 2 SO 2  O 2 ⇌ 2SO 3 for this reaction Kc 
[ AB ]2
3 2

n = –1 ;  K c  K p For reaction AB ⇌
1 1
A2  B2
2 2
40. (b) CaCO 3(s) ⇌ CaO (s)  CO 2(g)
[ A 2 ]1 2 [B 2 ]1 2
Kc  ; K c '  K c  49  7 .
'
K p  PCO 2 [ AB ]
Solid molecule does not have partial pressure 56. (a) For this reaction n is negative & H is
so in calculation of K p only PCO 2 is applicable. positive so it take forward by decrease in
temperature.
1 3
41. (d) NH 3 ⇌ N2  H2 57. (b) Chemical equilibrium of reversible reaction is
2 2
not influenced by catalyst. It is affected by
[ N 2 ]1 2 [H 2 ]3 2 1 3 pressure, temperature & concentration of
Kc  and N 2  H 2 ⇌ NH 3
NH 3 2 2 reactant.
[ NH 3 ] 58. (c) H is positive so it will shift toward the
Kc  12 3 2 product by increase in temperature.
[ N 2 ] [H 2 ]
59. (c) CO(g)  Cl 2 (g) COCl 2 (g)
1
So for dissociation  n  1  2  1
Kc
Kp 1
42. (b) Given x 
22
and a  3.2 K p  Kc [RT ]n ;   [RT ]1 
100 Kc RT

 22  60. (c) H is positive so reaction move forward by

[HI ]at equilibrium  3 .2 1    2 .496
 100  increase in temperature & value of
n  3  2  1 is positive so it forward with
43. (b) K c does not depend upon initial concentration
decrease in pressure.
of reactants or product.
61. (b) 2 A(g) 3 C(g)  D(s)
44. (d) K p and K c are characteristic for a given
For this reaction, n g  3  2  1
reaction if n  0 then there is no change.
Kp Kp
[ NO ]2 [O2 ] [ NO 2 ]  K p  Kc [RT ]1 or  RT or K c 
45. (c) K c1   1.8  10  6  K c2  Kc RT
[ NO 2 ]2 [ NO ] [O 2 ]1 2
1 1 62. (a) According to Le-Chatelier principle
K c1  ; 1 .8  10  6   Kc2  7.5  10 2 exothermic reaction is forwarded by low
2
K c2 K c2 2
temperature, in forward direction number of
moles is less, hence pressure is high.
[H 2 S ] [HBr ]2
46. (c) K1  12
; K2  63. (d) In this reaction H is negative so reaction
[H 2 ] [S 2 ] [H 2 ] [Br2 ]
move forward by decrease in temperature
[HBr ]2  [S 2 ]1 2 K while value of n  2  3  1 i.e., negative so
K3  ; 2  K3
[Br2 ] [H 2 S ] K1 the reaction move forward by increase in
pressure.
p2 p2
47. (b) K p  ; 0 .11   p 2  0 .44 64. (a) PCl 5 (g) ⇌ PCl 3 (g)  Cl 2 (g)
4 4
For this reaction n  2  1  1
or p  0.44  0.66444  0.665 atm
Value of n is positive so the dissociation of
50. (a) C12 H 22 O11(s)  12 O2(g)  12 CO 2(g)  11 H 2 O PCl 5 take forward by decrease in pressure &
n  12  12  0 by increase in pressure the dissociation of
51. (a) In this reaction gaseous molecule count PCl 5 decrease.
MgCO 3  MgO(s)  CO 2(g) 65. (b) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2 NO …..(i)

K p  PCO 2 1 1
N 2  O 2 ⇌ NO ……(ii)
2 2
n
53. (a) K p  Kc [RT ] ; n  1, Kc  26
For equation number (i)
R  0.0812 , T  250  273  523 K [ NO ]2
K1  ….. (iii)
K p  26[0.0812  523 ]1  0.605  0.61 [ N 2 ][O 2 ]
For equation number (ii)
 Chemical Equilibrium 335
[ NO ] 6. (a) Equilibrium shifts backward by Le-chatelier’s
K2  …... (iv)
[ N 2 ]1 / 2 [O 2 ]1 / 2 principle.

From equation (iii) & (iv) it is clear that 7. (c) Decreases the activation energy of both
forward and backward reaction.
K 2  (K1 )1 / 2  K1 ; Hence, K 2  K1 8. (d) Equilibrium constant changes with
n g temperature, pressure and the concentration
66. (b) K p  K c [RT ]
of either reactant or product.
n g  1  1.5  0.5
9. (a) As we know that, G o  2.303 RT log K p
Kp
K p  Kc [RT ]1 / 2   [RT ]1 / 2 Therefore, G o  2 .303  (8 .314 )  (298 )
Kc
67. (b) N 2(g)  O 2(g) ⇌ 2 NO (g) (log 2 .47  10 29 )

K c  0.1, K p  K c (RT )n G o  16 ,3000 J mol 1  163 KJ mol 1

n  0, K p  K c  0.1
Le-Chaterlier principle and It’s application
68. (c)
A + 3B ⇌ 4C 2. (a) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2NO; Q cal
a b 0
(a – x) (b – 4x The above reaction is endothermic so for
3x) higher production of NO, and the temperature
should be high.
[C]4 4 x .4 x .4 x .4 x
KC   4. (c) At low pressure, reaction proceeds where
[ A][B]3 (a  x )(b  3 x )
volume is increasing. This is the favourable
Given a  b, a  x  4 x  a  5 x  b
condition for the reaction. PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2 .
4 x .4 x .4 x .4 x 4 x .4 x .4 x .4 x
KC   8. 6. (c) Reaction is exothermic and volume is
(5 x  x )(5 x  3 x ) 4 x .2 x .2 x .2 x
decreasing from left to right so for higher
69. (b) Equilibrium pressure = 3atm production of SO 3 there should be low
NH 4 COONH 2(s) ⇌ 2 NH 3(g)  CO 2(g) temperature and high pressure.

K p  p NH
2
. p CO 2  3 2 .3  27 7. (a) Ice ⇌ Water
3 more volume less volum e

On increasing pressure, equilibrium shifts

Activation energy, Standard free energy and
forward.
Degree of dissociation and Vapour density
8. (c) Exothermic reaction is favoured by low
Normal molecular weight temperature to proceed in forward direction.
1. (b) =1+
experiment al molecular wt. 9. (a) Effect of catalyst is that it attains equilibrium
NH 4 Cl ⇌ NH 3  HCl quickly by providing a new reaction path of
low activation energy. It does not alter the
  1 Experimental Molecular wt
state of equilibrium.
nor.mol.wt .
= 11. (a) On increasing temperature equilibrium will
2
shift in forward direction due to decrease in
2. (b) If G o  0
intermolecular forces of solid.
G o  2.303 RT log K p
12. (c) Both n and H are negative. Hence, high
log K p  0 (log1  0) pressure and low temperature will forward
reaction.
Kp  1.
13. (b) Exothermic reaction, favoured by low
5. (d) G o  2.303  8.314  10 3  298 log K p temperature.

1.7  2.303  8.314  10 3  298  log K p 14. (c) n  0 , No effect of pressure.

15. (b) The reaction is endothermic in reverse
K p  0 .5
direction and hence increase in temperature
will favour reverse reaction.
 336 Chemical Equilibrium
16. (c) A reaction is in equilibrium it will shift in 46. (d) At constant volume. Three is no change in
reverse or backward direction when we concentration (closed container).
increase the concentration of one or more 1
product (from Le chatelier’s principle). 47. (c) H 2 O(g) ⇌ H 2(g)  O 2( g )
2
17. (a) According to Le chatelier’s principle.
In this reaction volume is increasing in the
18. (c) The reaction takes place with a reduction in forward reaction. So on increasing
number of moles (volume) and is exothermic. temperature reaction will proceed in forward
So high pressure and low temperature with direction.
favour the reaction in forward direction
48. (b) When temperature increases precipitation of
19. (b) At equilibrium, the addition of (CN ) would sodium sulphate takes place. Because reaction
decrease the (H  ) ion concentration to produce is exothermic so reverse reaction will take
more and more HCN to nullified the increase place.
of CN  aq . 49. (a) For high yield of ammonia low temperature,
high pressure and high concentration of the
20. (b) H 2 X 2  heat ⇌ 2HX.
reactant molecule.
Reaction is endothermic and volume
53. (c) Since n  0 .
increasing in forward direction so according
54. (a) The rate of backward reaction favoured by
to Le chatelier’s principle for formation of HX,
increase of pressure in the reaction as n is
Temperature of the reaction should be high
positive
and pressure should be low.
PCl 5 ⇌ PCl 3  Cl 2
21. (b) According to Le chatelier’s principle.
22. (d) In reaction CO  3H 2 ⇌ CH 4  H 2 O 55. (a) H 2( g )  I2( g ) ⇌ 2HI
2
2
Volume is decreasing in forward direction so
n  0 ;  K c  K p
on increasing pressure the yield of product
will increase. 56. (c) Solid + liquid ⇌ Solution H =+ve
25. (a) In endothermic reaction rate of forward Increase in temperature favours forward
reaction can be increased by raising reaction.
temperature.
57. (a) Addition of an inert gas of constant volume
26. (a) Being endothermic, the forward reaction is condition to an equilibrium has no effect.
favoured by high temperature.
58. (b) Le chatelier principle is not applicable to
27. (c) According to Le chatelier’s principle.
solid-solid equilibrium.
28. (b) On adding more PCl 5 , equilibrium shifts
59. (a) A  B  Q ⇌ C  D
forward. 2 2

29. (a) According to Le chatelier’s principle. The reaction is endothermic so on increase

30. (b) Increase in pressure causes the equilibrium to
shift in that direction in which no. of moles
(volume) is less.
32. (b,c) According to Le-chatelier’s principle.
37. (d) By increasing the amount of F2 in the reaction
the amount of ClF3 increases.
temperature concentration of product will
increase.
60. (a) In that type of reaction the state of
equilibrium is not effected by change in
volume (hence pressure) of the reaction
mixture.

39. (b) According to Le chatelier’s principle when we 61. (c) N 2  O2 ⇌ 2 NO ; n  0

increase pressure reaction proceeds in that 65. (c) High temperature and low pressure.
direction where volume is decreasing.
66. (d) High temperature and excess concentration of
40. (a) Factors affecting equilibrium are pressure,
the reactant concentration.
temperature and concentration of product or
68. (c) Low temperature and high pressure.
reactant.
42. (b) According to Le chatelier’s principle. 69. (a) H 2  I2 ⇌ 2HI  n  2  2  0 .
43. (d) Increase in volume, i.e., decrease in pressure 70. (d) Low temperature and low pressure.
shifts the equilibrium in the direction in
73. (c) It is an exothermic reaction hence low
which number of moles increases (n
temperature and increasing pressure will
positive)
favour forward reaction
 Chemical Equilibrium 337
 3 .09  10 7 mole-litre.
Critical Thinking Questions
7. (c) N 2 O4 ⇌ 2NO 2
0 .1 0
 20   20 
 (.1-) 2
[PCl 3 ][Cl 2 ]  100   100 
1. (b) K c  
[PCl 5 ]  80  ∵ P  0.1
 100 
  If V and T are constant (P0.1+ )
0 .2  0 .2 0 . 04 P  (0.1   ) / 0 .1
   0 .05
0 .8 0 .8
[2 ]2  P  40 2
2. (b) 2NH 3 ⇌ N 2  3H 2 Kp    or K p   0 . 14
[0 . 1   ]  0 . 1    [0 . 1   ]
Initial mole a 0 0   0.017
Mole at equilibrium (a  2 x ) x 3x
NO 2  0.017  2  0.034 mole
Initial pressure of NH 3 of a mole = 15 atm at
8. (d) CH 3 OH  CO  2H 2
27 o C
The pressure of 'a' mole of NH 3  p atm at [H 2 ]2 [CO ] 0.1  0.1  1 0.01 10  10 3
  
347 o C [CH 3 OH ] 2 2 2


15

p  5  10 3 .
300 620
9. (d) AB + CD ⇌ AD +
 p  31 atm
CD
At constant volume and at 347 o C , mole  mole at t  0 1 1 0
pressure 0
a  31 (before equilibrium)  3  3 3
Mole at equilibrium 1   1   ⇌  
 a  2 x  50 (after equilibrium)  4  4 4
a  2 x 50 3
   
a 31 4

 x
19
a 0.25 0.25 ⇌ 0.75
62
0.75
2x 0 .75  0 . 75 0 .5625
 % of NH 3 decomposed   100 Kc   9
a 0 .25  0 . 25 0 .0625
2  19 a
  100  61 .33 % 10. (d) According to Le-chatelier’s principle.
62  a
11. (d) K p (equilibrium constant) is independent of
3. (d) K p  Kc (RT )n R = Gas constant
pressure and concentration.
Kp 1.3  10 3
Kc  n
  7.4  10  2 Assertion & Reason
(RT ) (0.0821  700 )1

4. (b) Reaction is reversed and halved. 2. (e) Assertion is false but reason is true.
K p  K c for all reaction.
K  1 1.8  10 6  7.5  10 2
K p  Kc (RT )n
5. (d) Conc. is not known so we can’t calculate.
n  number of moles of products – number of
6. (a) 2SO 3 ⇌ 2 SO 2  O 2
2 3
moles of reactants in the balanced chemical
equation.
n  3  2  1 ; K p  1.80  10 3 So, if for a reaction n  0 . Then K p  K c

[RT ]n  (8.314  700 )1 3. (e) Assertion is false but reason is true.

Kp 1.8  10 3 K c  [H 2 O]2 , because concentration of solids is

Kc  
(RT )n (8.314  700 )1 taken to be unity.
 338 Chemical Equilibrium
4. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason
KC 
H 2 I2   1 .
is the correct explanation of assertion. HI2 KC
CO (H 2 O)62  (Pink) while CoCl 42  (blue). So, on
10. (c) The value of K depends on the stoichiometry
Cooling because of Le-chatelier’s principle the of reactants and products at the point of
reaction tries to over come the effect of equilibrium. For e.g., if the reaction is
temperature. multiplied by 2, the equilibrium constant is
5. (e) Assertion is false but reason is true. squared.
c d
[C] [D] 11. (d) Catalyst does not affect the final state of the
aA  bB ⇌ cC  dD , Qc 
[ A]a [B]b equilibrium. It enables the system to attain
If Qc  Kc , reaction will proceed in the equilibrium state earlier by providing an
direction of reactants. alternative path which involve lower energy
of activation.
If Qc  Kc , reaction will move in direction of
products. p H3 2  p N 2 (atm )3 (atm )
12. (e) K p    (atm )2
If Qc  Kc , the reaction mixture is already at p NH 3 (atm )2
equilibrium.
or n  4  2  2 .
6. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. This is
based on common ion effect. Unit of K p for given reaction  (atm )2 .

NaCl ⇌ Na   Cl  ; HCl ⇌ H   Cl  13. (c) According to Le-Chatelier's principle

endothermic reaction favours increase in
Concentration of Cl  ions increases due to
temperature. However exothermic reaction
ionisation of HCl which increases the ionic
favours decrease in temperature.
product [ Na  ][Cl  ] . This result in the
precipitation of pure NaCl . 14. (d) K p  Kc (RT )n ; where n  (l  m )  (x  y )

7. (b) Both assertion and reason are true and reason Concentration of solids and liquids is taken to
is not the correct explanation of assertion, be unity.
solid+heat ⇌ liquid, so on heating forward 15. (e) Increase in pressure favours melting of ice
reactions is favoured and amount of solid will into water because at higher pressure melting
decrease. point of ice is lowered.
8. (a) aA  bB ⇌ cC  dD 16. (e) As assertion is exothermic, low temperature

KC 
C  D
C d favours forward reaction. High pressure

Aa Bb favours forward reaction as it is accompanied

by decrease in the number of moles.
For 2aA  2bB ⇌ 2cC  2dD 17. (e) There is no change in number of gas

KC 
C  D .
2c 2d molecules. Therefore the expression for K is
A 2a B 2b independent of volume. Hence K will remain
same.
9. (a) H 2(g)  I2(g) ⇌ 2 HI( g )

KC 
HI2
H 2 I2 
For reverse reaction 2 HI( g ) ⇌ H 2(g)  I2(g)