Compare these examples: (1) usa: Shall we go by bus or by train? sess: If we go by bus, it will be cheaper. if we go by bus it will be cheaper. For Jess, itis possible that they will go by bus, so she says: If we go by bus. it will be usa yess (2) Lisa and Jess decide to go by train Later, Jess talks to Joe. Foes want by fuk Wud Ba Grasp Joe: Howare you going to travel? \C Jess: We're going by train. If we went by bus, it would be cheaper, but the train is quicker. Now Jess knows they are not going to travel by bus, 0 she says: If we went by bus, it would be... (not If we go ...) JOE JESS When we imagine something that will not happen, or we don’t expect that it will happen, we use if + past A ~ (if we went / if there was / if you found etc.) But the meaning is not past: What would you do if you won a lot of money? (we don't really expect this to happen) If there was (or were) an election tomorrow, Py who would you vote for? —~S For if ... was/were, see Unit 39C. ‘Compare if | find and if | found: > I think | left my watch at your house. If you find it, If won a lot of money can you call me? but If you found a wallet in the street, what would you do with it? We do not normally use would in the if-part of the sentence: I'd be very scared if somebody pointed a gun at me. (not if somebody would point) If we went by bus, it would be cheaper. (not If we would go) But you can use if ... would when you ask somebody to do something: (froma formal tetter) | would be grateful tf you Would let me know your decision as soon as possible. Inthe other part of the sentence (not the if-part) we use would (’d) / wouldn't: What would you do if you were hitten by a snake? I’m not going to bed yet. I'm not tired. If | went to bed now, | wouldn't sleep. Would you mind if | used your phone? Could and might are also possible: IF won alot of money, | might buy a house (= it is possible that | would buy a house) IF it stopped raining, we could go out. (—-we would be able to go out) aS MNT Ore eH eCOl rn ¢. Unit Exercises 38 EBD what do you say in these situations? 1 Of course you don’t expect to win the lottery. Which do you say? a If lwin the lottery, I'll buy a hig house b If! won the lottery, I'd buy a big house. Z (biscorect) 2 You're not going to sell your car because it’s old and not worth much. Which do you say? a If sell my car, | won't get much money for it. b If sold my car, | wouldn't get much money for it. Oo 3 You often see Sarah. A friend of yours wants to contact her. Which do you say? a If | see Sarah, I'll tell her to call you. b [fl saw Sarah, I'd tell her to call you. oO 4 You don't expect that there will be a fire in the building. Which do you say? a What will you do if there is a fire in the building? b What would you do if there was a fire in the buildingy oO 5 You've never lost your passport. You can only imagine it a I don't know what I'l do if | lose my passport. b Idon’t know what I'd do if I lost my passport. 6 Somebody stops you and asks the way to a bank. Which do you say? 2 Ifyou go tight at the end of this street, you'll see a benik un your left. Qo b Ifyou went right at the end of this street, you'd see a bank on yourleft. = 7 You're in a lift. There is an emergency button. Nobody is going to press it. Which do you say? a What will happen if somebody presses that button? b_ What would happen if somebody pressed that button? QO EB Put the verb into correct form. 1 I'd be very scared if somebody pointed (point) a gun at me. 2 Ican't afford to buy a car. If (buy) a car, I'd have to borrow the money. 3 Don't lend Amy your car. If she (@sk) me, | wouldn't lend her mine. 4 Ifthe computer factory closed down, many people (lose) their jobs. 5 Idon’t think Gary and Emma will get married. | (be) amazed if they did. 6 What would you do if you (be) ina lift and it (stop) between floors? 7 If somebody (give) me £10,000, | (have) a very long holiday. ap Write sentences beginning If .. 1 We've decided not to catch the 10.30 train. (arrive too early) lf we caught the 10.30 train, we'd arrive too early 2 Kevin is not going to do his driving test now. (fail) ithe 3. We've decided not to stay at a hotel. (cost too much) iF 4 Sally Isn't going to leave her Job. (not / get another one) 5 We've decided not to invite Ben to the party. (have to invite his friends too) 6 I'mnot going ta tell him what happened (not / helieve me) EBD vse your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 If|wona lot of money, I'd. buy a house 2 Fd bevery angry it 3 Ifyou bought a car, 4 I'd be surprised if 5 Would you mind if www.frenchpdf.com 7Study this example situation: Sarah wants to phone Paul, but she cant do this because she doesn’t know his number. She says: If Lenew his number, | would phone him Sarah says: Hf knaw his number This tells us that she Uvesn't know his number. She is imagining the situation. The real situation is that she doesn’t know his number. G we didn’t etc). When we imagine a situation like this, we use if + past (if knew / if you were But the meaning is present, not past: There are many things I'd like to do if | had more time. (but | don’t have time) If | didn’t want to go to the party, | wouldn't go. (but | want to go) We wouldn't have any money If we didn’t work. (but we work) If you were in my position. what would you do? It’s a pity he can’t drive. It would be useful if he could. We use the past in the same way after wish (I wish | knew / | wish you were etc.). We use wish to cay that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it to be: | wish | knew Paul's phone number. (= | don't know it and | regret this) Do you ever wish you could fly? (you can't fly) It raing a lot here. | wish it didn’t rain co much It's very crowded here. | wish there weren't so many people. (there are a lot of people) wish | didn’t have to work tomorrow, but unfortunately | do. If were / if | was After if and wish, you can use were instead of was (if | were / | wish it were etc). If was /1 wish it was are also possible. So you can say: fl were you, | wouldn't buy that coat. or ‘If |was you, I'd go for a walk if it weren't so cold. or... fit wasn’t so cold wish she were here or I wish she was here. We do not normally use would in the if part of the sentence or after wish: It | were rich, | would travel a lot. (nor if | would be rich) Who would you ask if you needed help? (not if you would need) wish | had something to read. (not | wish | would have) Sometimes wish ... would is possible: | wish you would listen. See Unit 41 Could sometimes means ‘would be able to’ and sometimes ‘was/were able to’: She could get a better job (she could get = she would be able to get) if she could speak English. (if she could speak = if she was/were able to speak) wish | could help you. (Iwish | could = I wish | was able) Gk MEarereapor.com +). ina Exercises 39 EP "ur the verb into the correct form. If | knew (I/ know) his number, I would phone him. 2 | wouldn't buy (I/ not / buy) that coat if | were you. 3 (i / help) you if | could, but I'm afraid | can’t. 4 We don't need a car at present, but we would need a car if (we / live) in the country. 5 IFwe had the choice, (we / live) in the country © Ihis soup isn’t very good, {it / taste) better it it wasn't so salty. 7 Lwauldn't mind living in England if the weather (be) better. 8 If were you, (W/not / wait) (1/g0) now. 9 You're always tired. If (you / not / go) to bed so late every night, ‘you wouldn't be tired all the time 10 | think there are too many cars. If (there / not / be) so many cars, (there / not / be) so much pollution. EBD write a sentence with if... for each situation. 1 We don’t see you very often because you live so far away. If you didw’t live so far anay, we'd see you more often. 2 Ita nice book but its too expensive, so I'm not going to buy it 1 it if so 3. We don't go out very often - we can't afford it We more often 4 I can't meet you tomorrow — | have to work late. Ir 5. It would be nice to have lunch outside but it’s raining, so we can't. We © I don’t want his advice, and that’s why I'm not going to ask for it. If 1 Idon't know many people (and I'm tonely). | wish | knew. more. people. 2 I don't have @ computer (and I need one). wish 3 Helen isn’t here (and | need to see her). 4 It's cold (and | hate cold weather). 5 I live ina big city (and | don't like it) 6 | can't go to the party (and I'd like to). 7 have to get up early tomorrow (but I'd like to sleep late) 8 I don't know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down). «© I'm not feeling well (and it’s not nice). YB write your own sentences beginning | wish .... 1. (somewhere you'd like ta he now —an the heach, in New York, in hed etc) I wish | 2 (something you's like to have - a motorbike, more friends, lots ot money etc.) 3. (something you's like to be able to do - sing, travel more, cook etc.) 4 (something you'd like to be - beautiful, strong, younger atc.) 2 Manet ower AW renchpdf.com 79Study this example situation Last month Gary was in hospital tor a few days. Rachel didn’t know this, so she didn't go to visit him. They met a few days ago. Rachel said: If 'd known you were in hospital, | would have gone to see you. Rachel seid: If 'd known (= If | had known) you were itt hospital. This Lells us Liat slie didn’t know. We use if + had ('d) ... to talk about the past (if | had known/been/done etc.): | didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. If 'd seen you, of course | would have said hello, (but | didn't see you) | didn’t go out last night. | would have gone out if | hadn’t been so tired. (but | was tired) If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the wall. (but he wasn't looking) The view was wonderful. If I'd had a camera with me, | would have taken some pictures. (but I didn’t have a camera) Compare: 1'm not hungry. If was hungry, | would eat something. (now) wasn't hungry. If |had been hungry, | would have eaten something. (past) Do not use would in the if-part of the sentence. We use would In the other part of the sentence: If| had seen you, | would have said hello. (not If | would have seen you) Note that ‘d can be would or had: If’d seen you, ('d scen =| had seen) \d have said hello. _(("d have said = | would have said) ‘We use had (done) in the same way after wish. | wish something had happened =| am sorry that it didn’t happen: 1) Lwish I'd knawn that Gary was ill. | would have gone ta see him. (hut | didn't know) Ifeel sick. | wish | hadn't eaten so much cake. (| ate too much cake) Do you wish you'd studied science instead of languages? (you didn't study science) Do not use would have ... after wish: The weather was cold when we were on holiday. | wish it had been warmer. (nat | wish it would have been) Compare would (do) and would have (done): IF 'd gone to the party last night, | would be tired now. (Iam not tired now — present) If 'd gone to the party last night, | would have met lots of people. {| didn’t meet lots of people — past) Compare would have, could have and might have: we would have gone out. we could have gone out. Ifthe weather hadn't been so bad, | (= we would have been able to go out) we might have gone out. (= perhaps we would have gone out) Rouwwwetrenchpeareonr=>itis Exercises 710} GBD rut the verb into the correct form. 1 I didn’t see you when you passed me in the street. If ld seen. (I/see) you, U would have. said. (I / say) hello. 2. Sam got to the station just in time to catch the train to the airport. IF (he / miss) the train, (he / miss) his flight too. 3 I'm glad that you reminded me about Rachel's birthday. (I/ forget) if (you / not / remind) me. 4 I wanted to send you an email, but | didn’t have your email address. It (V/ have) yaur addeess, (V/ send) yout an email 5 & How was your trip? Was it good? 8: Itwas OK, but (we / enjoy) it more if the weather (be) better. © | took a taxi to the hotel, but the traffic was bad (it /be) quicker if (I/ walk) 7 M'mnottired. If (1/be) tired, I'd go home now. 8 I wasn’t tired last night. If (1/be) tired, | would have gone hnme earlier BD (or cvch situation, write a sentence beginning with I 1. wasn’t hungry, so | didn't eat anything If 1d. been hungry, | would have eaten something. 2 The accident happened because the road was icy. If the road the accident 3 I didn't know that Joe had to get up early, so | didn't wake him up. If that he had to get up early, 4 Unfortunately I lost my phone, so | couldn't call you. If 5 Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt. © You didn't have breakfast - that’s why you're hungry now. 7 [didi yet a Laxi because | did't have enough money. @ Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with | wish. 1 You've eaten too much and now you feel sick. You say: _.| wish. | hadn't eaten, so. much. 2. There was a job advertised in the paper. You decided not to apply for it, Now you think that your decision was wrong You say: Iwish| 3 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this. You say: 4 You've painted the gate red. Now you think that red was the wrong colour. You say: 5 You are walking in the cauntry. You'd like to take some pictures, but you didn't bring your camera. You say: 6 You have some unexpected guests. They didn’t phone you first to say they were coming. You are very busy anid you are not prepared for them. You say (to yourself): + hitvontomcrars Mfr enchpdf.com aYou can say 'I wish you luck / all the best / a happy birthday’ etc. I wish you all the best in the future. | saw Mark before the exam and he wished me luck. We say ‘wish somebody something’ (luck / a happy birthday etc). But you cannot say ‘I wish that something happens’. We use hope in this situation. For example: ()_I'msorry you're not well. | hope you feel better soon. (not | wish you feel) ‘Compare | wish and I hope: > Iwish you a pleasant stay here. Thope you have a pleasant stay here. (not | wish you have) We alsa tse wish ta say that we regret samething, that samething is not as we would lik When we use wish in this way, we use the past (knew/lived etc.), but the meaning is present. 1 | knew what to do about the problem. (I don’t know and | regret this) | wish you didn’t have to go so soon. (you have to go) Do you wish you lived near the sea? (you don’t live near the sea) lack’s going on a trip to Mexico soon. | wish | was going too. (I'm not going) To say that we regret something in the past, we use wish + had ... (had known / had | wish I'd known about the party. | would have gone if 'd known. (I didn’t know) twas a stupid thing to say. | wish | hadn't said it. (I said it) etc: For more examples, see Units 39 and 40. I wish I could (do something) =| regret that | cannot do it: I'm sorry | have to go. | wish | could stay longer. (but I can't) I've met that man before. | wish | could remember his name. (but | can’t) I wish | could have (done something) = | regret that | could not do it: | hear the party was great. | wish | could have gone. (but | couldn't go) You can say ‘I wish (somebody) would (do something)’. For example: It's been raining all day. Tanya doesn't like it. She says I wish it would stop raining. Twish it would stop raining. Tanya would like the rain to stop, but this will probably not happen We use I wish ... would when we would like something to happen or change. Usually, the speaker doesn’t expect this to happen. We often use I wish ... would to complain about a situation: The phone has been ringing for five minutes. I wish somebody would answer It I wish you'd do (= you would do) something instead of just sitting and doing nothing. You can use | wish ... wouldn't ... to complain about things that people do repeatedly: I wish you wouldn't keep interrupting me. (— please don't interrupt me) We use I wish ... would ... to say that we want something to happen. But we do not use | wish would ... to say how we would like things to be. Compare: )_ wish Sarah would come. (=| want her to come) ish Sarah was (or were) here now. (not wish Sarah would be) I wish somebody would buy me a car. but I wish | had car. (not | wish | would have) GEnanrercnpat-conr =Unit Exercises 41 EBD Putin wish(ed) or hope(d).. 1 | wish _ youa pleasant stay here. 2 Enjoy your holiday. | you have a great time 2 Goodbye. | you all the best. 4 We said goodbye to each other and each other luck, 5 We're going to have a picnic tomorrow, so | the weather is nice 61 you luck in your new job. | it works out well for you. GD) war do you say in these situations? Write sentences with I wish ... would... . 1 It’s raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. You say: | wish i& would. stop. raining 2 You're waiting for Jane. She's late and you're getting impatient. You say to yourself: wish 3 You're looking for a jab — so far without success. Nobody will give you a job. You say: | wish somebody 4 You can hear a baby crying, It's been crying for a long time and you're trying to study. Yous say Drian has been weering the same clothes for years. You think he needs some new clothes, You say to Brian: For the following situations, write sentences with I wish ... wouldn’t © Your triend drives very tast. You don’t like this. You say to your friand: |wish you 7 Joe leaves the door open all the time. This annoys you You say to Joe: 8 Alot of people drop litter in the street. You don’t like this. You say: I wish people GB) “ce these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 I wish Sarah would be here now. \ wish Sarah were here. now 2 I wish you would listen to me 3 I wish | would have more free time. 4 | wish our flat would be a bit bigger. 5 I wish the weather would change 6 I wish you wouldn't complain all the time. 7 I wish everything wouldn't be so expensive. QD Put the verb into the correct form 1. Itwas a stupid thing to say. Iwish | hadn't said. it. (I/not / say) 2 V'm fed up with this rain. Iwish ib. would. stop. (it / stop) 3 W's e difficult question. | wistr Une arswer. (I/ know) 4 | should have listened to you. | wish your advice. (I/ take) 5 You're lucky to be going away. | wish with you. (I/can/ come) 6 | have no energy at the moment. | wish sotired. (I/ not / be) 7 Aren't they ready yet? | wish (they / hurry up) 2 Itwould be nice ta stay here longer. | wich to go now. (we / not / have) 9. When we were in London last year, we didn’t have time to see all the things we wanted to see. | wish longer. (we / can / stay) 10 It’s treezing today. | wish so cold. I hate cold weather. (it / mot / be) 11 Joe still doesn’t know what he wants to do. | wish (he / decide) 12 I really didn’t enjoy the party. I wish (we / not / go) www.irenchpdf.com a