Reversible Reactions

Definitions: Chemical Reactions that can go in both forward and reverse directions

One of the reactions(Forward/Backward)-> Exothermic/Another-> Endothermic

Dynamic Equilibrium: If a reversible reaction is carried out in the closed container so that products
and reactants cannot escape, a state of dynamic equilibrium is established.

Dynamic: Forward/Reverse reactions are ongoing Exothermic: Anhydrous->hydrated

Equilibrium: Endothermic: Hydrated->Anhydrous
- Rate of forward reactions and reverse reactions are the same
- Concentration of products and reactants do not change
- Occur inside the closed system

Factors affecting the position of equilibrium

- Concentration of products and reactants

- Pressure (only in gaseous state)
- Temperature

Catalysts do not have effect on equilibrium

Effect of temperature on equilibrium

- Temperature decreases-> favors/equilibrium shifts to exothermic reaction side

- Temperature increases->favors endothermic reaction side

Effect of pressure on equilibrium

- Pressure increases->favors/equilibrium shifts to the side of lesser mole

- Pressure decreases->favors the side of greater mole
- Gas-> Pressure effect/ Solid, Liquid-> No pressure effect/does not need to calculate mole
- If the moles/volumes are the same on both side (reactants/products), there is no pressure
effect.

Effect of concentration on equilibrium

- More reactants-> Shift to the right to increase the concentration of products and reduce
amount of reactants
- Less reactants-> Shift to the right to increase the concentration of products and reduce
amount of products
- More products-> Shift to the left to increase the concentration of products and reduce the
amount of reactants
- Less products-> Shift to the left to increase the concentration of products and reduce the
amount of reactants.

Catalysts: Increase the rate of reaction on both forward and reverse reactions equally so position of
equilibrium do not change